Courtesy expression, as lubricant, is a method of interaction with people by which using moderate praises and compliments which in an effort tries to build harmonious relationship with others. In this paper, I devote myself to figure out the feasibility of courtesy expression in daily using between China and Japan at the condition of Face theory proposed by Brown and Levinson, even though these two countries share many a similarity with each other. The insights of this paper emphasize how Chinese and Japanese behave diversely during daily communication in aim of mutual understanding and better communication with westerners.

Why did the Hawaiian sovereignty movement adjust its framing over the past century? In this article, we elucidate the processes that can help move social movement organizations engaging in a frame war to unify around a common frame. Using comparative historical case study, we examine the history of the Hawaii Sovereignty Movement as well as the U.S. governmental policies related to Hawaii and Native Hawaiians across the twentieth century. We highlight the importance of external actors in creating the conditions by which social movements must alter their framing strategy. Specifically, we look at the impacts of specific policies and legal threats on movement framing strategies. We find that when movement organizations face an existential challenge to their existence, they are willing to overlook their individual differences and unify behind a common framing. Policies meant to undermine a movement can work to strengthen a movement by unifying its disparate parts. These finding have implications for future studies of social movements and social movement framings as well as governmental policy studies.

This paper covers the changes in women labour force and their participation along with categorical employment status as well as main economic activities in Bangladesh. In particular, it pays attention to regional variations on female labour force. Employment, in a poor country like Bangladesh, provides the critical link between economic growth and poverty alleviation as the vast majority of the people depends on employment as their only source of livelihood. The labour market, however, is one of the most important mechanisms for transmitting the benefits of economic growth to different groups in the society. Women, being a significant part of the population, play a significant role in the economic growth of the country. This paper makes an attempt to explore the situation of women labour force to find a clear image in formulating new policies and programmes regarding women employment in Bangladesh.

Policy analysts tend to have chosen their approach for analysing policy-making before starting their study because they often consider their chosen approach must be ‘always best’ or ‘universal’. However, every policy approach indeed has both strengths and deficiencies and they can play an effective role in a certain circumstance. Policy approaches are namely not ‘Superman’ who can help researchers anytime and anywhere but ‘Specialist’ who can help researchers in a certain time and in a certain place. This paper seeks to justify this proposition by examining currently most dominating approaches for policy analysis and policy-making process of emission standards for automobiles in Japan as a case study.

The aim of this study was to examine the perception and attitude of Nigerian rural dwellers as a gauge for determining whether there is (or not) perceived beneficial use of mobile technologies among rural inhabitants. It also tries to find out the factors that determine mobile phone usage in rural areas. Two factors that determine technology acceptance and use were identified: Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEU). A cross sectional research design was employed for this study using questionnaire as a data collection technique. Using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) V15, the findings showed that socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, status, level of education, occupation, income, and social influence are the major determinants of mobile phone ownership and usage in rural areas. It also showed that age and gender affect the perceived benefit and satisfaction of mobile phone in rural communities. It is believed that policy makers will find it helpful if they understood rural inhabitants’ perception and attitude toward mobile phone.

Given a budget constraint, a family allocates its expenditures among food, clothing, and housing and transportation services based on their respective prices. This study tested for differences between these price components. Data were monthly changes for 1999-2017. Prices contained four components of CPI: Price indices of clothing, food, housing and transportation. Unit root tests include ADF, PP and DF-GLS. Cointegration tests include the Engle-Granger and Johansen tests. Four series variables contained a unit root but not cointegrated. A first-differenced VAR(k=3) was estimated. Major findings are that while housing prices grew by 1%, food prices reduced by -0.47% in two months. While clothing prices grew by 1%, food prices reduced by -0.77% in one month. While transportation prices grew by 1%, food prices reduced by -0.53% in one month. Hence, this paper suggests that an increase in expenditures on clothing, housing and transportation may be made at the cost of food consumption. However, an inconsistency of changes across various prices does not necessarily mean causal links between variables or exogeneity of a given variable.

Green marketing refers to all what has to do with a product or service from its production process to its purchase by consumers. This study aims to investigate the influence of products price and availability on the actual green purchasing behavior of Malaysian consumers. 394 questionnaires were distributed to Malaysians in 3 states in the northern region namely Kedah, Perlis and Penang. Both SPSS version 18.0 and PLS-SEM were used to analyze the obtained data. The results of the study showed that price has a significant relationship with purchasing behavior of green products, while product’s availability showed no significant influence on green purchasing among Malaysian consumers. This paper helps in bringing more understanding on the actual purchasing behavior of green products in Malaysia.

Land is a vital resource and a driver of economic growth and development. The way it is governed and administered therefore has a significant impact on a certain country’s future. Land and the institutions that govern its ownership and use greatly affect economic growth and contributes in poverty reduction. Lack of access to land and inefficient or corrupt systems of land administration have a negative impact on a country’s investment climate and general wellbeing of the society. Well-functioning land institutions, land markets and easy access to credit facilities for entrepreneurs contributes for development. Land governance must help to eradicate poverty, not contribute to it. Hence, Ethiopia needs to have a land governance policy that fosters transfer of land rights, fosters respect for human rights, and rescues the environment from imminent peril in line with the principles of sustainable development. Hence, this article contributes knowledge towards responsible land governance and evaluated the Ethiopian lands regime in line with the accepted norms of land governance. Thus, the method of analysis is doctrinal legal research. 2011.

The quantity and quality of water delivered and used for domestic purpose in household level is an important aspect of domestic water supplies, which influence hygiene and public health. The provision of water services by city authorities in the new settlement (Peri-urban) is often not sustainable. The main purpose of this study was to assess the challenges of water accessibility in peri-urban areas of Dar es Salaam Tanzania. The cross section research design was adopted, where by questionnaire survey; key informants interview, field observations and documentation reviews were used to collect data in the field. The finding revealed that sources of water in the study area, are groundwater (shallow well and borehole/tube wells), water kiosks and piped water, other sources of water available to the households, include rain and surface water. Majority of the respondent’s main source of water was shallow well by (36.7%).The study revealed that water supply were reliable at different rates of which (75.5 %) explained is very low reliable, On accessibility of community members to clean water the findings revealed that less than 50 percent have access clean and safe water. Majority 70.4% of the respondents spent 1 hour to access water. Water Piped into dwelling source had the least time that they spent less than 20 minutes for fetching water. The results revealed that water payment was largely done on daily, few pays per month. The cost of water charged per 20 liters’ bucket/Gallon range was between Tsh 100/= –Tsh 500/= and household’s average water consumption per day was 17 buckets and average household expenditure on water was about Tsh 8,500/= per day and Tsh 255,000/= per month. The findings revealed inadequate budget from LGA,s and Central government, distance, inadequate water infrastructure services were the major challenges for community to access safe and clean water. Government through DAWASA and Ministry of Water should play their role by allocating enough funds to accomplishing the already drilled wells in Kisarawe II, Kimbiji and Kibada water project.

Supply chain performance is a vital issue for making products available to the customers at affordable costs. The objective of this study is to identify the drivers of retail supply chain performance. For the purpose of the study, data were gathered from the respondents through a structured questionnaire survey. The collected data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique with smart PLS 2.0M3 software. Data analysis findings reveal that suppliers’ role, use of IT, inventory management, transportation management and coordination are the significant determinants of retail supply chain performance. The findings of this study bear deep significance both in practical and theoretical aspects.

University students are important personal in making, they are the citizens who will contribute to the well-being of a community. Therefore, students need to be more responsible, care caring and participate involved in community activities. However, nowdaysnowadays students were are found to be less involved in volunteerism, especially at the community level. In order to solve the problem, we need to identify the indicators need to be identified in order to measure the participation behaviours, and acting further steps actions can be taken to improve their engagement. This study was conducted to develop a scale to measure the participation among university students, and testing the validation of the measurement. Conceptualizing of this study was suggested There are 10 indicators for the conceptualization of this study to measure the variable of participation in community volunteerism. This cross-sectional survey by using questionnaires was applied distributed inon the east side of peninsular of Malaysia for to 150 respondents, and analyzedanalysed by the structural equation modelling (SEM) by AMOS. The suggested indicators were considered accepted as the measurement elements by observing on the regression weight for standard loading, average variance extracted (AVE) for convergent validity, square root of AVE for discriminant validity, composite reliability (CR) for reliability of items, and at least three fit indexes for model fitness. Finally, a measurement scale of volunteerism participation for students was successfully developed, and suitable to be used in areas of research, evaluation, training, campaign or any type of programme in order to improve students’ engagement with in community activities.

Good university governance is expected to increase the public image which leads to promote credibility and public participation in the role of university. The objectives of this research were to find 16 principles of Good University Governance at Islamic Muhammadiyah University of East Borneo. The quaitative approach with Case study type were used in this research. Key informan is Dean Faculty of health science, Dean secretary and head of study program. The others research Informan are Vice Quality assurance, Vice research and community service insitutes, and Lectures. The data were collected through depth-interview, participation observation, and document study. The data analysis were analyzed with interactive model by Miles and Huberman model. The research finding were : 16 principles of Good University Governance at Islamic Muhammadiyah University of East Borneo. There were nine principles be done optimal have been implemented, namely transparency, fairness, efficiency, effectiveness, win-win situation, responsiveness, performance, productivity and quality culture, however there were seven principles less optimal. The seventh principles which had been implemented less optimally were independence, relevance, accountability, responsibility, performance and academic capacity.

It is confirmedly shown that global emission of CO2 is determined by the world population, which is an ecological rule of the globe. It reveals that 1.3 billion is the break-even point of CO2 and more people lead to net emission. The ecological system maintains a metastable state with a constant per capita emission of CO2 until reaching 6.7 billion of population when the metastable state crashed. Both permafrost land and glaciers begin to melt, and the per capita emission of CO2 becomes remarkably higher. The quantitative correlation clearly shows that environmental problem cannot be solved by any technical measure, but to reduce the world population. Firstly, pull the world population back to an ecologically metastable state, and then gradually to the break-even point of CO2.

Displacement of both urban and rural poor has been taking place globally as a result of establishment of various development projects. In recent years, there has been the displacement of urban poor in many areas of which has led to them becoming vulnerable to unpredictable events. This paper discusses displacement of urban poor in Dodoma municipality. Specifically, the study examined land displacement practices, the effects of displacement of urban poor on livelihood and the strategies used by the Planning Authority to reduce the effects of displacement on the livelihoods of urban poor. The study involved 64 respondents and 5 key informants. The cross-section study design was used where by, observation, interviews, documentary review and focus group discussions were used to collect data on the field. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 20 was employed in inferential and descriptive analysis. Paired samples t- test, was employed for describing the difference between the variables whilst descriptive analysis was employed to describe the distribution of scores among the variables. The study findings revealed that the community members were displaced to give way to the establishment of the University of Dodoma. It was found that displacement brought about more negative effects than positive effects. It led to the decrease of crop yields from 1,984.8Kg per year per household to 451.2 Kg per year per household before and after the displacement of urban poor respectively. Also the commuting distance used by the community members from their residence to their farms changed from 0.972Km to 6.8Km before and after the displacement respectively. The paper recommends to the development stakeholders that basing on the time value of money as well as the change in land price, the land acquisition by the government should be accompanied by fair, full and prompt compensation to reduce complains, currency inflation and income loss. The Planning Authority and development actors ought to critically undertake resettlement planning as to maintain community’s resilience and promise security of land tenure to victims of displacement.

Water consumption is a problem, as it is used inefficiently, besides that, the demand is growing much faster than nature can supply, so in the present study an analysis was conducted to determine the amounts of water used in domestic and agricultural activities in a rural town, that allows us to obtain the water shortage index. To define and know the different uses, a survey of people’s perception of household water expenditure is used, both personal hygiene and at home, as well as the use in agricultural activities. Then, the water shortage index is calculated with the model IDEAM (Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies Institute) modified by Romero and Ortiz (2016), which was adapted to a rural area. The agricultural and domestic activities need 868, 500, 660 L/ha, equivalent to 72.8 % of the total water rains in the study area and, the amount that is not used is 344,982,477 L/ha, what represents the 27.2 % of the total 100 %, the latter is for the recharges of wellsprings to feed the micro-basin, representing problems of water scarcity.

Being geographically located in isolation from the Kutai Timur District, has not prevented the school-aged population of Sandaran Sub-District, Kutai Timur District of Indonesia to obtain education services as ruled in by the 1945 Indonesia’ s Constitution, article 31. Purposes of this research are to find out about the teachers’ performances in preparing, implementing and evaluating their teaching-learning process at their secondary schools at Sandaran sub-district, Kutai Timur District, Indonesia. Using the qualitative approach, the data were collected through observation, in-dept interviews towards the secondary school teachers and documentary studies. Conclusions indicated that 1) in preparing their lesson plans, teachers tend to design those that comply with their tertiary qualifications only, not those that they are not qualified in. 2)Implementation of the teaching leaning process has been running well with good discipline enforcement at schools, 3) Evaluation of the teaching-learning process has its own advantages with the application of mid-semester and semester exams resulted in repeatedly intensed learning towards a students’ better independent learning.

The declining role of traditional institutions in the management of communal conflicts in Nigeria tends to have watered down the relevance of these institutions in community leadership, especially as it concerns conflict management. This has become a source of worry and hence necessitated this study. This paper therefore examined the challenges of traditional institutions in the management of communal conflicts. Data for this study was generated from secondary sources which include related published works on library shelves, internet materials and primarily from researcher’s personal observations. Specific reference was made to the leadership roles played by these institutions in the traditional communities prior to the advent of colonialism. The study was anchored on the African Renaissance Theory which is rooted in African traditional values. Findings revealed that westernisation and its politics, coupled with primitive politics occurring in the Nigeria political arena have altogether distracted and deviated the consciousness of these institutions from their primary role as custodians of traditional and customary values, especially in the area of ensuring peaceful co-existence among communities. The paper therefore argues that not until the traditional institutions are once more repositioned to assume their traditional roles and responsibilities, in partnership with the legal institutions of the state, management of communal conflicts will continue to be problematic, while peace building and consensus will remain a mirage.

Latin is the dominant donor language to most modern European languages, which were in turn influential donor languages to Malay due to colonization between the 16th and 20th centuries. This study conducted a vocabulary survey to assess the benefits of using word categories of frequently used English vocabulary of Latin and Greek origins and their Malay equivalents for learning Malay as a foreign language. The Oxford 3000 list served as the primary reference of high-frequency English words and their Malay equivalents. Latin or Greek loanwords constitute approximately 10.6% of the most frequently used 3,000 Malay words and more than a half of these loanwords can be used with a similar pronunciation in Japanese. Therefore, this study concluded that knowledge of high-frequency English vocabulary of Latin and Greek origins could assist speakers of English and/or Japanese in learning Malay.

The economic development and living standards of fishermen communities in coastal villages are much influenced by their leaders’ performance. However, studies show that leadership competencies among leaders in coastal is still at an unsatisfactory level. This study was conducted to develop a conceptual model to improve the performance of village leaders. This paper was proposed leadership communication and collective efficacy as predictor variables to improve the leadership competence in coastal fishing villages.

The most enduring and controversial models of advertising effectiveness are the Hierarchy-of-effects (HOE) models, which are of particular interest to researchers in marketing and advertising. This paper gives emphasis on the selection of these hierarchical models in the context of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Malaysia. The notion of raising awareness and interest, followed by desire and action is very seductive in its simplicity, and provides a clear focus for Higher Education advertising. In light of the criticisms of these models, this conceptual paper compares and contrasts the more important advertising models and reflects on the relevance of these simple models in relations to the advertising focus in HEIs.The authors conclude that HOE models fail to adequately represent the impact of the advertising process on the complex emotional/rational decision-making that takes place when choosing HEIs. Advertising’s impact on the choice process is far more complex: developing brand desire through brand image is an important purpose of advertising. The authors are also in agreement with the notion of an essential understanding of other marketing areas such as brand identity, meaning and reputation of higher education institutions through a variety of qualitative and quantitative methods to communicate effectively with the stakeholders.

Post-colonial governance has continued to be a subject of critical discourse among scholars and researchers in Africa and beyond. This is because the question of leadership in the continent has accidentally adopted, as leitmotif, the consistent violation of the basis of the social contract. This phenomenal practice has generated growing tension, wretchedness, frustration and ultimate resistance among the people who try to offset their depreciating condition in hope of a new beginning. It is against this appalling situation that the continent remains the laughing stock of the world in spite of enormous recognizable human and natural resources. The aim of this paper is to show the link between postcolonial African dramaturgy and the politics of governance. In specific terms, the paper expounds on how contemporary African playwrights represent political leadership in their various contexts and go on to show how the mismanagement of political power results in resistance and social upheavals. In the context of social realism, Wole Soyinka’s A Play of Giants and Bole Butake’s Dance of the Vampires are textual prototypes that portray the leadership situation in Africa in the aftermath of political independence. Using social semiotics as theoretical paradigm, this paper is foregrounded on the premise that Soyinka and Butake in their dramatic discourses convey the pitfalls of postcolonial despotic political leadership which has, as a matter of fact, ushered in a reign of self-aggrandisement, corruption, hero-worship, sycophancy and social strife.

This work internalized the influence of deforestation on economic and social welfare in Port Harcourt City. The study espoused the survey approach through special surveillance, conversations and opinion pull and the data collected was analyzed to obtain the variances, correlations and regression models. The results of the research showed that deforestation significantly and negatively affected output and social welfare in Port Harcourt City and also negatively and significantly affected income of the farming communities. It therefore recommended that governments should take urgent steps to discourage unsustainable deforestation and at same time encourage reforestation to improve output, income and enhance social welfare.

The main purpose of this study is to examine how sub-urbanization creates poverty in the suburban areas of Bangladesh. The study focuses on the new urban poverty of the adjacent area of Dhaka where sub-urbanization is taking place. Data have been collected from the inhabitants of Savar municipality under Dhaka district in Bangladesh through semi-structured interview schedule. The paper reveals that the poor men face more extreme poverty and vulnerability than women in terms of their economic, cultural and social conditions. The study also explores that suburban poverty is mostly affected by the masculinization of poverty instead of the feminization of poverty. It contributes to understanding and analysis of the phenomenon of rapid urbanization in the developing country like Bangladesh and its social consequences as the formation of frequent suburban mess hall like slums and new forms of urban poverty. Finally, the suburban poor are largely dependent on their household, income, employment, medical facilities, and social networking. The paper also indicates that significant portions of the suburban dwellers are lived mostly in informal house and are living below the poverty lines.

Measuring the psychopathology symptoms among flood victims is an important step for intervention and treatment. However, there is a gap of a valid, reliable and an efficient instrument to measure flood victims’ mental distress in Malaysia. This study aims to revalidate e-Psychological Instrument for Flood Victims Version II (e-PIFV-II) by using expert judgment method to prove content-related evidence. The e-PIFV-II is a digital self-report inventory that has 56 items with 4 dimension scales namely stress, anxiety, depression and trauma. Two studies have been done to revalidate the instrument. Results showed that there were very strong content coefficient validity for each subscale of the instrument. In study II the coefficient values for stress and trauma subscale of the e-PIFV-II were increased. The coefficient value of stress was 0.8-0.9, anxiety was 0.9, depression was 1.0, trauma was 0.9-1 and overall was 0.9. This study supports the theoretical framework and provides practical implication in the field of digital flood victims management, psychological testing and clinical psychology.

This study is aimed at exploring whether learning about art activities can help children of divorced parents in three aspects, namely self-concept, emotional expression, and linguistic expression. The researcher designed appropriate art activities for children of divorced parents based on their family backgrounds. There were nine art activities in total, including “self in the mirror”, “painting with paint”, and “pick-up and paste”. From February to April in 2016, these art activities were conducted once a week for 40 minutes, led by the researcher. During these art activities, data were collected through observations and interviews and then coded and analyzed. To ensure the correctness of the analysis results, triangulation was applied for verification with three angles, the researcher’s, the case subject’s caretaker’s (the grandmother’s), and the case subject’s custodian’s (the father’s). The research findings are summarized below: 1. In the aspect of family and self-concept, the art activities helped the children of divorced parents with their self-exploration and self-assertion. 2. In the aspect of emotional expression, the art activities offered the children of divorced parents more opportunities to express their feelings and gradually reveal their true emotions inside. 3. In the aspect of linguistic expresision, the art activities offered the children of divorced parents more opportunities for expression. The children were allowed to express their thoughts and ideas through drawing images and symbols. Lastly, based on the research findings, as references for children of divorced parents and related future studies.

Social work is a problem-solving scientific and professional discipline and the problem-solving ability of social work students is of the utmost importance for their education. The aim of this study was to investigate the social work students’ problem-solving skills in relation to demographics, year of studies and mental health. The sample included 370 students from the bachelor’s degree programme of the Department of Social Work of the University of Western Attica in Athens, Greece. The Problem- Solving Inventory (PSI) and the Symptom CheckList-90 (SCL-90) were completed by the students along with a questionnaire investigating demographics. A significant negative correlation was found between all SCL-90 dimensions and PSI scores. All SCL-90 dimensions were predictive for all PSI scales. Additionally, it was found that unmarried students had lower Problem- Solving Confidence, Approach-Avoidance Style and Total PSI score as compared with the married ones. Furthermore, students coming from urban areas had greater scores on Personal Control and Total PSI score, while greater scores on Problem-Solving Confidence were found in those attended the 3rd or 4th year of studies as compared to those of the 1st and 2nd year of studies. Implications for additional research and the curriculum of social work studies are discussed.

In this study, the relationship between social responsibility and investment-cash flow ?sensitivity ?and the role of agency costs in companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange were investigated. To this end, 127 companies were examined during the period 2011-2016. The required data in this research was extracted, classified and calculated using Excel software and finally, the hypotheses were tested at a 95% confidence level through Eviews? ?and Stata software. The results obtained from hypothesis testing demonstrated that corporate social responsibility ?negatively moderates investment-cash flow ?sensitivity. Furthermore, no reliable evidence was found in relation to the effectiveness of agency costs in the relationship between social responsibility and investment-cash flow ?sensitivity at a 95% confidence level.

The main purpose of this study is to explore and explain the dynamics of a sexual vulnerability of female tea garden workers in Bangladesh. A quantitative oriented qualitative mixed method has been applied to this study. The study reveals that nearly 52% of the respondents are tortured or harassed in the garden and among them, 26% of the tortured respondents have convicted Tila babu. Only 26% of the total respondents have slight radio exposure. And surprisingly 1% of the respondents hear radio less than once a week. Many new issues are found in this research such as 5% of the respondents watch TV less than once a week. Marxist feminist theory and feminist political activist theory have been consulted to explore the concerned issues such as a women’s right to bodily integrity and autonomy for protection from domestic violence, sexual harassment, and rape as well as workplace rights. Marxist thinkers indicate that all exploitations domination is occurred because of class inequality and class discrimination. Because Marxist theory has little room for issues dealing directly with women’s reproductive and sexual concerns, many Marxist feminists initially focused on women’s work-related concerns. The study suggests that law enforcement should be strengthened through giving punishment of convicted persons of tea garden authorities through introducing an inter tea garden’s Investigation Commission and increasing accessibility of NGOs.

Dependence on the oil sector by the Nigerian government has generated a question about economic sustainability. Even though the country experienced substantial growth in the economy before the economic recession in mid of 2016, the growth had not improved unemployment and poverty rate. Therefore, the study investigates the impact of financial development indicators on the manufacturing sector in Nigeria with the aim to promote sustainable growth and development using the Vector Error Correction Model. The findings from the study show no bi-directional causal effects between financial indicators and output in the manufacturing sector. However, the study showed the presence of joint long-run and short-run causality when output in the manufacturing sector is used as a dependent variable. Likewise, the variance decomposition showed that the forecast error shocks of the financial development indicators affect output in the manufacturing sector at different horizons The implication is that long-run policies can be considered to improve the manufacturing output in Nigeria via the financial sector to promote sustainable growth. There is a need to develop a framework for policy mix and evaluate conflicting policies to ensure effectiveness in policy implementation among others.

This study is devoted to assessing the impact of promotion of universities in international and Russian universities’ ratings on their development. The peculiarity of the study is that it considers both universities participating in the competitive recovery program and presented in international rankings, as well as those that do not participate therein. The paper analyzes the rating indicators, the development strategy and the positioning of four Russian universities: Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (KFU), National Research University "Higher School of Economics" (HSE), M.T. Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University (IzhSTU) and G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University (TSU). The research revealed the positive effects of the promotion in the university rankings on their development, among which the following can be distinguished: the formation of a competitive environment within the university, the definition of a specific strategic goal, the attraction of more qualified personnel to the university, including from the international academic market, etc. Negative consequences were revealed too, such as: increase in the workload on teachers, and as a result, reduced attention to the organization of the educational process, higher risk of losing the quality of scientific research, as a result of increasing the number of publications, ineffective spending of the university funds.

In this article an introduction is made to the analysis of the humanistic attributes that the managerial manager should have, in his intentions to humanize the company, from the practice of the virtues associated with work -as causal factors-, fundamental to direct a socially responsible humanist company. For this purpose, re makes an introduction to the literature on the anthropology of the organization and the manager, as well as to the Thomistic categories of the virtues; to the anthropological approaches of the manager from Pérez and Chinchilla, and to the complementary views of other authors, which allow us to understand the constitutive dynamics of the humanist enterprise.

Test anxiety is considered to be one of the most common and widespread emotions, with a large number of the student population suffering from excessive and overbearing levels of it. This study investigated the Effects of Behaviour Rehearsal Technique on Test Anxiety among co-educational secondary school students in Imo State. Five research questions guided the study and five hypotheses were tested at the level of 0.05 level of significance. The study was a quasi experimental research. The population for the study comprised one thousand one hundred and twelve students (1112). The sample for the study was seventy (70) students with test anxiety. Puposive sampling was used in selecting two schools in the area of the study. Test Anxiety Inventory was used in selecting thirty five (35) students each from the two sampled schools making it a total sample of 70respondents. Mean was used in answering the research questions, while analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used in testing the null hypotheses. The result revealed that behavior rehearsal technique was effective in reducing secondary school students’ test anxiety. Based on the findings, it was recommended, among others that Behaviour Rehearsal technique should be utilized by Guidance Counsellors in reducing test anxiety among secondary school students in the state and the nation in general.

The modern education system shows that "memorizing" does not lead to a necessary knowledge acquisition. In this regard, student-centered education becomes more relevant, as each student receives a required amount of attention and approach that will reveal his potential. However, there is no specific description of "creative potential". This article is an attempt to find meaning in "creative potential" from the standpoint of music teaching. Pressing problems in related scope of education actualize the problems of developing personal/creative potential and readiness for innovations contributing to their success in music teaching. In this regard, we have applied both general and pedagogical methods. We have also carried out a philosophical analysis. We have generalized pedagogical information provided by domestic and foreign specialists and formed an original comprehensive concept of creative personality. As a conclusion, it is important to shape the humanistic ideas about a person and positive attitude to the surrounding world and own ego in the subject of creativity. It is also important to teach how to find valuable reasons for one’s own existence and moral ways of self-realization. If one wants to develop own creative potential in a more effective way, he/she has to gain certain traits and abilities typical for a creative person.

Latin and Greek are the major donor languages to most European languages including Finnish, which does not belong to the Indo-European but Uralic language family. The present study conducted a vocabulary survey to examine the utility of frequently used Finnish vocabulary of foreign origins and their English equivalents for learning Finnish as a foreign language. The Oxford 3000 list was used as the primary reference of high-frequency English words and their Finnish equivalents. Approximately 190 loanwords of Latin or Greek origin are included in the most frequently used 3,000 Finnish words and approximately 80 loanwords can be used with a similar pronunciation in English and French. Therefore, the present study concluded that knowledge of high-frequency Finnish vocabulary of Greek or Latin origin could assist speakers of English and French in learning Finnish.

The main aim of this paper, based on the importance of the logistics sector for economic growth and, accordingly, competitiveness, is to explain the impact of the logistics sector on competitiveness by testing its relationship with macroeconomic factors. In accordance with this aim, principally, some research literature has been given a place. A cointegration model with structural breaks has been used to analyze the effects of the logistics sector, exports, imports, the industry production index and oil prices on GDP, which is an indication of competitiveness. For two different pairs of structural breaks and the two cointegration relationships there is a mutual positive relationship between the logistics sector and the GDP. Along with this, while export, import and industrial production index affect the GDP, the finding that oil prices reduce the performance of the logistics sector has been reached.

In the present study, the role of credit ratings in capital structure and its adjustment speed was investigated in companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. To this end, 138 companies were examined during the period 2011-2016. In this research, the data was extracted, classified and calculated using Excel software and ultimately, the hypotheses were tested at a 95% confidence level through Eviews? ?and Stata software. The results obtained from hypothesis testing demonstrated that there is a significant negative relationship between credit ratings and adjustment speed to reach the optimal level of capital structure. Further, no reliable evidence was found regarding the existence of a significant relationship between credit ratings and capital structure at a 95% confidence level

The governance is a vital issue especially for a developing country like Bangladesh which affects every sector of development. Corruption, inefficient service delivery, weak policy setting, and limited participation of various stakeholders in decision making have a negative impact on the rural poor. However, the main reason of poverty retaining in Bangladesh is seen in bad governance, which comprises widespread corruption, non-transparency and non-accountability of public policy making. Good governance is considered to bring in a powerful change in the condition of the poor. The main objective of this article is to explore the ways of poverty alleviation through good governance in Bangladesh. It also finds out the present situation of poverty in Bangladesh and determines the link between good governance and poverty alleviation. This article used documentary analysis and, in particular, content analysis as a research method in order to disclose appearance of good governance agenda representing ways of addressing poverty alleviation. This study finds out the four indicators of good governance which directly related to poverty alleviation in Bangladesh: accountability, transparency, participation and predictability. This study suggests that publicly available information, access of the poor to basic services of government, budget transparency, expenditure, verdicts of courts and tribunals, responsive local government, grass root democracy, and anti-corruption are effective instruments for every sector development which can alleviate poverty in terms of any dimension. It contributes new lense to the existing literature regarding linkages between good governance and poverty alleviation.

This systematic review paper investigates a study of errors and English language teaching. This paper employed the systematic review approach and focuses on paragraph and essay writing errors in EFL setting. In general, in the history of English language teaching, place of error analysis is always considered as one of the major topics among syllabus designers, language teachers and linguists in order to help English language learners achieve greater fluency in their language. In general, in language classroom, error analysis has been used as a scientific work in order to get information about language learners’ errors and resolve their problems in getting knowledge of language. In the history of applied linguistics, there have been two kinds of approaches are related to language errors, namely, contrastive and error approaches. However, research on both of them came back the work of Fries (1945) and Lado (1957) and Corder (1967). Contrastive analysis focuses on pedagogical orientation, input, practice and inductive learning, whereas error analysis focuses on scientific orientation, linguistic and cognitive processes. However, this paper analyzes the previous studies on paragraph and essay writing errors in English language which were published from 2000 to 2017. In addition, of 200 articles were studied in this process, 49 of the articles were relevant

This study aims to explore cultural differences between Spanish and Mexican individuals in how specific cognitive-based thinking explains judgment formation regarding deception acceptability. Here, participants from both populations were required to judge acceptability of actors´ lying and truth-telling tendencies across several social scenarios. These deception scenarios were built by considering experimental manipulation of the type of relationship with the deceiver, gender, motive, and deception consequences. Analysis results indicate that judgment formation of acceptability in both populations followed a cognitive summative rule to integrate factor information valuation. However, when considering valuation of telling lies to an unknown individual, acceptability was significantly different for the two populations. Spanish individuals viewed lying to an unknown individual significantly more acceptable than did Mexican participants.

Students are important individuals who will be contributing to social development in the future. Aside from formal lessons, students should also get involved in community activities as informal training to show their responsibility as youths. High expectations are placed on students of high education institutes; however, it is found that they rarely get involved in volunteer activities in their own communities. Instead, they spend more time on their personal activities. In efforts to encourage student’s involvement in volunteerism, factors that contribute to their involvement must first be identified so that follow-up actions can be taken. This literature study is undertaken in order to identify the contributing factors. Applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as well as supported by previous studies, this concept paper is proposing motivation, personality, family, neighbourhood, values, and involvement in clubs as the predictive factors on student’s involvement in volunteer activities at the community level. This finding can be benefitted by relevant stakeholders who can manipulate these factors to encourage more student’s involvement in the social activities.

This study aims to examine the strengths and weaknesses of community forest management in the east corridor of Thailand. Methodology required will be of high quality, so use group and individual interviews to collect as much data as you can. The tools that will be used are semi-structure interviews and checklists that will help provide content analysis. The desired results of this study are: to review the community forest committee in the three areas of Thailand’s east corridor, to set up a form of government organization following the project, and for the SWOT analysis of community forest management of committees in the area. Ten issues can be classified with three major points, and weaknesses related to ten topics can be classified by two main points. The opportunities involved can be broken into seven categories with two major points. The threat has five categories and two issues. Thus, the recommended solutions are: 1) Studies continue examining the three main issues, and 2) Continue developing solutions for the three issues.

This paper is about Stimulus-Response Theory which sees human behavior as a reaction to the stimulus (stimulus to response). This theory also emphasizes the importance of rewards or incentives to stimulate and influence what and how pupils do things, including how they learn. Therefore, this study focuses on the acquisition of language during the teaching and learning of Malay Language among year 1 pupils in a primary school in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Teachers have applied this theory to train the pupils repeatedly using drill method. For example, when the teacher teaches the skills mentioned in the Malay Language syllables i.e. KV + KVK spelling pattern, the teacher will ask the pupils to repeat the pronunciation of the word a few times so that they can pronounce it properly. In this situation, learning depends on the pupils mastery of the mentioned syllables and the teacher will continue teaching the word built by the syllables which are taught earlier. Next, the pupils are asked to give examples of words constructed according to the KV + KVK pattern of syllables and the process are repeated until the skill is mastered well. Through participating observation method conducted in this study, it is found that the acquisition and mastery of a language is a learning process that needs to be practised repeatedly. Thus, the process of language teaching can be done in a more systematic way and will also improve the pupils memory. Thus, the findings also shows that, the acquisition of language using Stimulus-Response Theory encourages pupils to learn a language with continuous reward and reinforcement and the teachers do not have to take too long to explain the learning topics.

This paper examines the roles of a road safety intervention and three personality traits in predicting drivers’ self-reported aberrant behaviours. Ninety-nine individuals recruited during their driver licence attendance are randomized in the experimental or control group. The intervention aimed at modifies knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. Six months later participants received the Manchester Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) designed to assess the differentiation between deliberate deviations from safe driving practices and mistakes due to misjudgements or lapses in attention. Compared with control group, participants in the intervention group reported significantly higher scores in learning questionnaire. Statistical analysis on DBQ data showed participants in the experimental condition reporting significantly lower errors and violations compared to controls. No personality trait predicted risky driving and no interactive effect emerged in measures of self-reported driving violations. Practical implications of the study are development of relevant instruments to establish effective components of educational program in order to perform a road safety education.

The sustainable development of tourism is still a huge challenge. In this paper, we regard Cyprus’s religious tourism as a special form of tourism that can enrich Cyprus’ tourism products while providing a way to alleviate the adverse effects of mass tourism and support sustainability. Although evidence is provided in the literature about the role of religious tourism as an alternative form of tourism, no formal method has been incorporated into this role. The study investigated the determinants and prospects of religious tourism in Cyprus and how it is supported by local residents’ understanding of the concept and prospects of religious tourism and its links to local traditions and culture. This is the first step in making relevant bodies and institutions aware of the integration of religious tourism into their overall strategic plan for sustainable tourism development. It also introduces future research directions.

This article examines entrepreneurial mindset among the students of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions under the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia. The findings presented are a small part of the overall research data on the readiness of TVET students in Malaysia to venture into entrepreneurship. This quantitative study involves 1000 students from eight selected public TVET institutions in Peninsular Malaysia. Overall, the study finds that respondents’ level of entrepreneurial mindset is at a moderate level. Furthermore, there is a significant difference in the level of entrepreneurial mindset between the respondents at the certificate level and diploma level, the background of the family/parents who own businesses and otherwise, and also between the respondents who are involved and not involved in business activities. This study holds a positive view that there is potential in enhancing the entrepreneurial mindset of students in TVET institutions in order to generate as many job creators as possible. Hence, the study suggests that the Ministry and all relevant stakeholders to streamline the strategy of the Higher Education Insititution (HEI) Entrepreneurship Action Plan by focusing on the key growth factors of entrepreneurial mindset so that the target of new entrepreneurial talents among HEI students can be realised and also by taking into consideration the potentials of TVET students in Malaysia.

This study aimed to determine the scale of local investment with incremental capital output ratio (ICOR) approach and to analyze the factors influenced private investment and their impact on economic development in Bungo District. The ICOR model was used to answer the purpose of the first research question, a multiple regression model was used to answer the purpose of the second research question, and simple regression model was used to for the purpose of the third research question. The finding showed that the average amount of investment in Bungo District for the last 5 years was Rp 0.905 trillion with an accumulated ICOR of 1.0992 and an average ICOR of 1.2360. Capital and resource expenditure factor. It was a very significant factor affected private investment in Bungo District at P <0.05. Meanwhile, local investment also had significant and positive impacts on economic development represented by PDRB. From the findings, it is suggested to the government of Bungo District to increase capital expenditure especially basic infrastructure and economy expenditure and human resource competence improvement. Besides, it is also necessary to provide incentives and promotions to potential private investors attracting interest to invest in Bungo District, Sumatra, Indonesia.

This case study research explored the involvement of members of the kin who assumed responsibility in taking care of the children with developmental disabilities. The study is based on the proposition that the children’s school performance is influenced by the quality of care they receive from the members of the kin who takes care of them. A total of fifty-two children with developmental disabilities were assessed of their school performance based from the Department of Education (DepED) Order 72, series 2012. Data derived the children’s school performance became the basis for the selection of five caregivers who participated in the case study. The analysis of the interview results showed that members of kin involved in children with developmental disabilities represent a powerful psychological and emotional experience and affects the development of the children. Implications for kinship care policies are discussed.

This study examines the factors influencing accountants’ acceptance of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation. Specifically, this study examines three factors namely, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and computer self-efficacy that may influence the accountants’ acceptance on ERP implementation. This study employs the questionnaire survey on 218 accountants who are working in various industries in Malaysia. This study shows that computer self-efficacy significantly influence the accountants’ acceptance on ERP implementation. However, this study shows that no significant influence of perceived usefulness and perceived usefulness on accountants’ acceptance on ERP implementation. The findings of this study indicate that the accountants perceived ERP more as a requirement imposed by the government rather than finding the system useful. However, the accountants can become motivated in exploring ERP when they are given greater control in using ERP. That is, the success of ERP implementation can be attributed by the accountants’ involvement and participation in enhancing the functionality of the system and indirectly promote accountability. This study provides insights to organisations in assessing and predicting acceptance factors towards ERP among their employees, particularly the accountants so that they can assure ERP implementation success.

Weinberg (1992) supported “Rigidity in physics theory”. This is a method which does not allow even the smallest quantity of change without a large scale overturning in the coherence network, and represents solidity at a level where the pieces of the theories themselves can be pieced together. In order to maintain coherence between theories, it is an inevitability and necessity for the solid description of theories of nature. Assumptions and premises, which are important elements comprising conceptual frames, play an important role when we form new concepts. The process of the coherence between component theories in a conceptual frame increasing through these assumptions or premises functioning as axioms to derive new theoretical theses is a characteristic of the formation process of the principles of Einstein’s special theory of relativity. The purpose of this study is to make a proposal regarding appropriate education of the special theory of relativity through this process of increasing overall coherence. It is a cyclical and ecological learning method and not a linear and mechanical learning method. The research problems following this purpose are: preliminarily, to understand the characteristics of Einstein’s special theory of relativity which has coherence between all the theories, and ultimately, to make a proposal on the education of the special theory of relatively through increases in coherence.

The public sphere of the city where the social relations of the social individuals live intensely has an important role in urban development. In addition to these changing circumstances, new requirements and problems such as the inclusion of these areas arise. It is an approach to raise awareness among university students as the main campus users who will increase and improve the spatial quality in professional life by increasing the awareness of university students who will continue the development of society, communities and cities and by increasing the quality of university campuses and spreading this philosophy within the society. The problem faced by users on university campuses is defined by surveys that enable all users to access campus equipment and develop solutions that enable them to use it as they wish. The aim of this study is to see the Davutpasa Campus’s inclusivity. In this context, a pilot study was conducted and the results were evaluated. At this stage of the study, the intelligibility of the questions and the adequacy of the answers were evaluated in terms of the nature of the questionnaire study

The impact of a Selective Counselling Program on the quality of psychological life of seven female university students with motor disabilities was determined. Subjects aged 18-25 (22.8 ±1.24) were students at King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being were used to observe the variations in the different levels of Psychological Well-Being of the students using the following protocol: Evaluation of the initial levels; evaluation after 6 weeks with 12 sessions (two sessions per week) of 60-90 minutes each, and follow-up evaluation two months later. Results were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The sample’s quality of psychological life showed positive effects with improvements. This study emphasizes the need for Selective Counselling Programs for subjects with motor disabilities, to help them better integrate into society and improve their psychological quality of life.

Many communities continue to be impacted by natural disasters regardless of geographical location, while relying on homogenous measures. This article aims at examining how to apply indigenous knowledge to natural disaster preparedness as part of disaster management. This article utilized qualitative content analysis as its key methodology. Various sources of indigenous knowledge such as anecdotes about animals behave before a disaster, plant conditions that may be indicative of an impending disaster, interpretation of certain constellations, and others were analyzed as to whether they can be considered sustainable measures in aid of disaster awareness, disaster operational planning, scientific research, and training and exercise. The key finding or recommendation is that it is necessary for the field of natural disaster preparedness to change its indigenous knowledge into sustainable measures.

The purpose of this current study was to examine the undocumented motives of the first-year science and non-science student teachers from seven different undergraduate teacher education programs in one public university, Jambi, Indonesia. Data were collected through a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. A total of 593 completed questionnaires received from participants who enrolled in seven different undergraduate teacher education programs (biology, chemistry, economics English, history, mathematics, and physics education programs). Interview data were obtained from eighteen participants who were willing to be interviewed. The frequency of each statement was computed and expressed as percentage of its total score while interview data were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and carefully analysed. Our findings indicated that the first-year student teachers’ interpretations of their motives for entering teacher education programs were quantitatively and qualitatively interwoven among altruistic, intrinsic, and extrinsic motives across participants. Policy implications are also discussed.

The study aimed at determining factors influencing poor performance of students in mathematics in selected Basic Schools in the Ningo Prampram District in Accra, Ghana. Descriptive research design was adopted in which random and convenience sampling method was used to select 60 teachers for the study. Data was collected through questionnaire analysed using SPSS version 21. The study found that the most highly ranked school environmental factors responsible for student’s low academic performance in mathematics were lack of supervision and monitoring of teachers by head teachers and circuit supervisors, larger class size and lack of teaching and learning materials in school. Similarly, the most highly ranked teacher factor that contributed to student’s low academic performance in mathematics was untrained teachers teaching the subject. Also, high level of absenteeism among students and unruly student behaviour were the most highly ranked student’s characteristics responsible for their poor performances in mathematics. For parental support, the highly ranked variables that contributed to poor performance in mathematics were parents not helping wards with their homework, inability of parents to provide wards essential instructional needs for mathematics studies and parents inability to approach the school to ascertain how their wards are faring in mathematics. However, independent t-test and ANOVA analyses did not find statistical differences between the gender of teachers and the qualifications with regards to perceived causes of low performance in mathematics. .It is recommended that metropolitan, directorate and circuit supervisors intensify supervision and provision of learning materials in schools.

Crimes that inflict the economy, including crimes against consumers in the free trade era in Indonesia, are worthy of the government’s attention. The availability of safe products for the consumers is absolute, and business owners are required to be able to produce and distribute products that can compete both locally and internationally. The settlement of economic transaction disputes between the business owners and the consumers must be built on the principles that provide a legal protection for both parties to appropriately address the possibility of risk of injustice including the role of reverse evidence principle in consumer’s protection efforts. This principle can be fulfilled if the business owners cannot prove that the consumer’s loss is of their own doing. The aggrieved consumer can directly sue the business owner for the products that they sell.

With the development of science and technology, the online information search is more popular than ever. Online reviews from people who have experienced travel motivates visitors, giving them an overview of the destination before making a travel decision. Moreover, the satisfaction and attitude of visitors is a major factor for their intention to revisit. Previous studies have focused on the impact of tourist satisfaction and word-of-mouth after visiting the destination; relatively little research investigates online customer reviews about tourism. Using 253 tourists from Tien Giang Province, Vietnam, this study conducted a survey and the results indicated that, based on online customer reviews, travel motivation and destination image have significant impact on perceived quality, perceived value and trust satisfaction. These factors in turn influence attitude and revisit intention toward travel destination. Furthermore, Big Five personality traits and experiential value can moderate the influence of antecedents on tourism performance.

Purchase intention is a term used in consumer behaviour which can influence the augmentation of the brand’s performance. Many researches done on the issue of purchase intention, brands and brand equity but this study focuses only on the Halal paradigm. We have limited our study within the Islamic banking Industry of Bangladesh. Even though Bangladesh is a Muslim major country, yet awareness and knowledge of what is Halal (allowable in Islam) and what is Haram (forbidden in Islam) is really poor. Still majority of the banks are operating in conventional i.e. interest based banking. People follow their religion as some rituals descended from their ancestors, not completely knowing about the actual rules. Purchase intention is a very important term in consumer behaviour and has positive outcome if fostered properly. Marketers thus emphasize precisely in this in order to have better business performance. Halal purchase intention is a new term in the realm of Islamic marketing and branding. There are numerous research done so far on purchase intention and its antecedents’ relationship. However, very few studies have been done on halal purchase intention. This study aims to explore the antecedents of halal purchase intention. Six IVs has been identified- brand equity, brand trust, product involvement, value consciousness, shariah compliance and attitude. To fulfil the purpose, a quantitative research study surveyed on 200 customers and potential customers of the Islamic banks in Bangladesh. Collected data were analysed using partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modelling with the help of Smart PLS 2.0 M3 software. Findings reveal that out of six variables, five namely brand equity, brand trust, product involvement, value consciousness and attitude has significant relationship with halal purchase intention. The outcome of this study devotes the Islamic bank managers to make their marketing choices with the help of purchase intention statistics associated with product demand, market segmentation as well as promotional strategies. This research thus tries to fill the gap and contribute in the literature of Islamic marketing and branding.

The Dutch became the colonial rulers of the Dutch East Indies that had at least three centuries of power. At that time, in a pluralistic society of the Dutch East Indies, there were many Islamic empires and sultanates in the Archipelago, but the Dutch colonial government could survive. In this research, I tried to point out and to explain to what extent the role of political ethnicity of the Dutch East Indies government in the colonies. I reviewed the literature related to the role of political ethnicity of the Dutch East Indies government in the colonies. With the socio-historical approach, this paper focuses more on the analysis of the application of Dutch colonial’s ethnic politics to Islamic sultanates in the archipelago. The results showed that the politics of the Dutch colonial ethnicity was a strategy related to the social stratification policy of the Dutch East Indies, where society had split into two: the colonizers or the rulers, and the colonized or the people. This separation had consequences for the obligations of different groups (Europe, the foreign East, and the Indigenous) in a discriminatory Dutch colonial government. Particularly, based on the review of existing documents and available literature related to political ethnicity of the Dutch East Indies government in the colonies and the application of Dutch colonial’s ethnic politics to Islamic sultanates in the archipelago, four salient themes of strategies emerged: the socio-political policies-related to the policy of ethnic segregation, the socio-economic policy, the socio-religious field, and the education policy. These four strategies have led the Dutch East Indies to be able to succeed in advancing and maintaining its power in Archipelago during at least 350 years.

The aims of the study were to test the validity of two measures of team social identity against a measure of the athletes’ perceptions of their coach’s competency. A sample of 396 (age 18-35) athletes completed, the Coach Social Identity Scale (CSIS), the Team Social Identification Scale (TSIS), and, the Athlete’s Perceptions of Coaching Competency Scale II (APCCS II). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the single factor ten item CSIS and TSIS attained good fit. Both the CSIS and the TSIS correlated positively and significantly with the dimensions of motivation, game strategy, technique, physical conditioning and character building and with the overall rating of competence of the coach. Overall the results support the CSIS and TSIS as reliable and valid measures, and show that they can be applied in team sports as a measure of SIT.

This paper examines the phenomenon of religious pluralism in two institutions of traditional Islamic education in Bone regency, Indonesia, i.e., al-Junediyyah Biru and al-Ikhlas Ujung. It is qualitative research using a phenomenological approach, in which the researchers focused on the pluralism in the Islamic context of Indonesia and religious pluralism elaborated in attitudes, ideas, and processes of internalization value within the Islamic boarding schools. The data of this study were obtained from non-participant observation, in-depth interviews and field notes analyzed using the three-stage model of Miles & Huberman including data display, data reduction, data verification, and conclusion. The research found that Islamic boarding schools play an essential role in shaping pluralist society. Pluralism, in the boarding schools, has been developed in the context of ideas, attitudes and thoughts of Islamic clerics (kyais), teachers (ustazds), as well as Islam learners (santri)

This article focuses on Malay leadership practices in Malaysian Politics that display elements of Rabbani leadership in the political workplace. It explores empirical research about the notion of religiosity’s spirit, rather than merely individual’s bundle of workplace skills and abilities. The results illustrate that Malay political leaders involving in the political activities admit that religious values, or rabbani elements, have had a great impact on their view on leadership practices and political worldview. Potential elements of rabbani leadership derived from the writings of Islamic literature are shaped into a nascent model that serves to both describe leadership perspectives, behaviors, and approaches to their followers.

This research aims to find out the influence of microfinance loan reimbursement performance of pastoral women self-help groups (SHG) in Vellore district. It focuses on the loan repayment performance in a block in Vellore district. A total of 17,446 women (SHG) microfinance borrowers were randomly selected through a multi-stage random sampling technique. The data was collected by using the questionnaire. Statistical tools such as descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to examine the data. The results of the study showed that majority of the rural women were married, uneducated, belonged to low-income group and had medium family size. It was found that microfinance influences the loan reimbursement performance.

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the role played by the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan which is an institution which activities are aimed at implementing state national policy of Kazakhstan, ensuring social and political stability in the republic and enhancing the effectiveness of interaction between state and civil society institutions in the sphere of interethnic relations The paper highlights the issues on formation and development of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan which has now become the most effective mechanism for maintaining the balance between various ethnic interests and strengthening public harmony.

The gist of this article boils down to a model for assessing the economic potential of chemical enterprises. The article is very urgent nowadays because we propose a model for assessing the economic potential of enterprises in this sector. Chemical enterprises occupy a significant place in the economy as they have a significant impact on the performance of related industries. The article comments on the formation of economic mechanisms for assessing the effectiveness of resource management of industrial enterprises. To develop a mechanism for optimizing economic resources seven enterprises located in the territory of the Ural Federal District were selected. The selection was carried out according to the type of economic activity. The authors propose a model for assessing the economic potential of chemical enterprises, develop a methodical approach and a scale of resource potential that will allow us estimating various options for the use of resources, identify reserves for competitive development of enterprises. A methodical approach and a scale of resource potential being developed, it is possible to evaluate various options for the use of resources and to identify reserves for the competitive development of enterprises. The activity of any enterprise is aimed at maximizing financial results. To achieve this goal it is necessary to distribute resources available to the economic entity considering the influence of the macro environment. A comprehensive analysis of the rationality of resource management can be carried out using the integrated assessment model.

Mother and child Hospital of (RSIA) ‘Aisyiyah Klaten, Hospital of PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta and Hospital of PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul is generating a comprehensive organization with varied inter-professional connection, which might trigger an internal conflict. The lack number of managers who have been trained resulting ineffective management systems. Participants consisted of 29 people at Mother and child Hospital of (RSIA) ‘Aisyiyah Klaten, 13 people at Hospital of (RS) PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta and 40 people at Hospital of (RS) PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul includes top managers, middle and bottom. Characteristic manager age = 30 years 7.7%, > 50 years of 15.4%, age 31-50 years 76.9%. Length of employment ranges managers ranging from 4-23 years, years <5 years of 15.4%, year 6-10 years and 11-20 years amounts to at most 69.3%. The results showed that the leadership and management skills (finance, human resources (HR), quality, medicine information systems and equipment) of top manager assessed competent (likert scale = 3) while the middle and lower managers considered not sufficiently competent (likert scale = 2). Competence hospital managers is currently at an advanced level, means the managers can do the job effectively and confidently.

The article looks into the financial aspects of Kazakhstan’s economic modernization. Based on the results of studies conducted, key features and problems of the development of the national economy are identified given the new challenges and threats, close integration and interdependence from the development of the world economy. The use of modern methodology allowed to demonstrate the significant impact of the state financial policy on the implementation of the third modernization of the Kazakh economy, as well as highlight its priorities and substantiate the financial mechanisms that would increase the global competitiveness of the national economy. The study was carried out using the example of transformations characteristic of the modern economic system in Kazakhstan. The aim of the study is to substantiate the author’s approach to creating a fundamentally new model of economic growth by providing financial stimulation to the accelerated technological modernization of the economy to ensure its global competitiveness.

For US foreign policy, the importance of the Asia-Pacific cannot be over stated; the value of regional trade, the need to preserve allied-nation sovereignty and a perceived containment policy towards China’s growth mean that the eyes of US observers are, more than ever before, trained on the Asia Pacific. The Obama administration has repeatedly reaffirmed its commitment to the region despite economic crises existing domestically. With such value placed on the region this paper will explore how US security policy can most effectively insure its interests over the next decade. It assesses the changing context with consideration for the challenge of new super powers and the contemporary relevance of ongoing disputes. The paper then identifies areas for which new investment could take place and determines the risks and potential benefits of any such developments. It makes specific considerations for bilateral relations between the most significant regional players in the security theatre: China, Japan, the Koreas and the collective ASEAN members and explores likely policy directions for the near term future. It then concludes that, based on the assessments made, the continued move towards multilateral approaches stands the best chance of limiting regional conflict. It determines that while a containment policy to diminish Chinese presence is viable for the period considered, there remains considerable doubt over long-term practicality. As such, the US negotiating position with China is possibly at its strongest now and, if so, any moves at this time towards regional unity can best secure US interests for the future. The paper sets out that containment should not be viewed as a sustainable way of stemming China’s challenge to US global presence; instead US security policy in the Asia Pacific would be most effective through multilateral cooperation which can be achieved through a careful balance of defensive military projection power and a greater capacity for humanitarian assistance.

The basic changes, which have happened in recent years in an education system, are connected with strengthening of attention to the identity of the student as main social value. There are considerable high-quality changes in the methodological and theoretical approaches to the education process, in which the humanization tendency was outlined accurately. They predetermined the need of corresponding modernization of the teacher training system at higher educational institution, providing individual and professional formation of the future teacher, the maximum realization of his spiritual, creative opportunities. There are strengthened the tendencies to change of the education content, methods and forms of work with students, connected first of all, with again formed concepts of development of vocational schools. The main priority of vocational school are training of the identity of the specialist, professionally knowledgeable, competent, creatively developing in which spiritual and moral, humane qualities dominate. Now for future teacher it isn’t enough the simple possession of some sum of knowledge and abilities, there is necessary his constant readiness for change, readiness for creativity. However, it should be noted that the problem of formation of readiness at the future teachers to creative activity at school is still insufficiently investigated. So, the analysis of training process in pedagogical higher education institutions allows to draw the conclusion that this question isn’t opened in a broad sense. The scientific-theoretical knowledge, gained by students in the training process in pedagogical higher education institution in various disciplines, is insufficiently interconnected among themselves and doesn’t give conception about creative interaction of the teacher with pupils in their process of professional activity. Research objective is to reveal the level of readiness at future teachers to creative activity at school and to provide its realization with the author’s methods. The leading method of the study on this problem is the modeling, allowing to consider this problem as process of purposeful and conscious formation of readiness at future teacher to creative activity. The model and an author’s methods of formation of readiness at future teachers to creative activity at school are developed. The practical value of work is that the developed model of readiness at future teachers to creative activity at school, the methods of consecutive work on formation of this readiness, the methods of diagnostics of readiness can be used in teaching practice of pedagogical higher education institutions, and also by teachers of comprehensive schools.

In modern conditions of managing important task is to increase energy efficiency and energy efficiency as one of the priorities of economic policy. The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical and methodological approaches and practical recommendations aimed at the implementation of evaluation and monitoring of energy efficiency policy instruments. Methods of research are analysis and mathematical modeling. Implementation of the system of energy efficiency indicators will increase the efficiency of the proposed measures; compare the current status in various sectors to global peers. In this article we used the method of data analysis - Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate the effectiveness of energy efficiency indicators in comparison with those of other countries. DEA technique allows a comparative analysis of energy efficiency indicators, which is based on a comparison of the values of the individual groups of indicators with each other. However, the use of this technique in a Kazakhstan limited lack of statistical information of many indicators and series of the dynamics of the existing indicators.

A major factor in the development of a long-term strategy for social and economic development is the reduction of the shadow economy volume with the aim to increase the promising incomes of the budgetary system for most Russian Federation subjects, which have low economic potential, a small local market and limited opportunities for economic growth on their own resource base. In this regard, the regional strategic planning, taking into account the influence of the shadow economy, requires the development of adequate forecast models that take into account the specifics of the territorial processes and ensure the achievement of the target condition for the balance of socio-economic development and the achievement of the planned indicators. Two scenarios are considered in the proposed development strategy of Russian Federation subject. Conservative scenario presupposes the development of a region on the basis of existing competitive advantage use. The second scenario is based on shadow economy negative impact reduction. General scenario conditions are formed depending on the opportunities of investment activity growth by ensuring the transparency of business rules, tax legislation stabilization and economic and investment activity increase at the expense of legal entrepreneurs. The results of modeling show that the growth of the economy legal segment in the short term will lead to the reduction of employed number, but it will ensure the growth rate of labor productivity at the level of 7% per year, while the level of investment activity will grow by about 10% per year additionally.

In article the theoretical and methodological importance of geofinancial safety at the mesolevel in connection with aggravation of the current geopolitical situation is revealed. The offered methodology expands tools of assessment of geofinancial safety of the region, including inclusion of safety of corporate finance and intra country level of safety. On the example of regions of the North Caucasian Federal District strained from the point of view of geofinancial and geopolitical safety the ranged assessment as the final stage of complex assessment of geofinancial safety of regions is given. At the same time, the novelty of a research consists not only in updating of a technique of assessment of geofinancial safety of regions, but also in reduction of this technique to a universal look. The geopolitical instability finds reflection in this technique in a number of qualitative criteria. At the same time, these criteria are compared with quantitative criteria for evaluation of geofinancial safety by ranging.

The direct regional election of 2017 is one of the democracy parties celebrated by the people of Special Capital Region of Jakarta. As the capital of the country, this regional election brings special meaning for the people, communities, and parties participating in this election to become the highest sovereign of this region. Philosophically, it will be easier to win the next national election when a certain party becomes the sovereign of this Special Capital Region of Jakarta. In this case, news media has a very important role in providing good and useful information to the people and the community. The independence of media is expected to provide balanced, neutral information because it may greatly determine the quality of the ongoing regional election. As the opposite, there is also a possibility in which media is used as a tool to build political power. That is why there is a new phenomenon in which many media owners are involved and even actively participated in politics in Indonesia. The dynamics of the current communication technology development is started to be taken seriously by the media owners. They realize that it is not enough just to build media power that leads into conventional media only since it is no longer strategic. Therefore, they emphasize more on using online media to develop their media business. One of the advantages of using online media is that it can provide the new propaganda faster. In addition, as the media is having its power to build the public opinion, they got the power to directly lead the stakeholders to certain political interests. In this study, news report on Media Indonesia.com published in November and December was used as the object of study in order to identify the case of regional election in Jakarta. This study used a qualitative approach by developing a Critical Discourse Analysis Model of Teun A. Van Dijk Model. The objective of this study is to analyze and to describe the reporting scheme of political-related matter of regional direct election in Special Capital Region of Jakarta. The results of this study showed that in the scheme for the production of textual discourse, the cognition and the context are intervened by an ideology as its own dimension.

This article employed secondary data to critically examine policies, mission and vision of a private mission university in line with fundamental human rights and the safety of students. The high rate of violence and criminal activities across Nigeria seems to have given credence to such policies in as much as such policies emphasize students’ safety and development. Therefore, academic freedom and students’ fundamental human rights should be exercise within the policies designed to ensure students safety and development. In the past and in recent times, studies have explored several areas of student safety and development, most especially in developed nations where priority is placed on student affairs administration, but such efforts are yet to be examined in the literature emanating from Nigeria despite several criticism against the policies of the university. Contrary to the belief of many critics, violation of fundamental human rights does not exist in the university under study; instead, stringent policies and procedures attached to the actualization or implementation of such policies are in existence to safeguard students’ safety and development. The study argued that the failure of some students to comply with the procedures attached to these policies seem to have created a scenario of violation which critics contend with. Thus, a stern look at these policies and their applicability to students’ matters would have been better understood and appreciated instead of condemnation. However, the paper argued that implementation of policies should be exercised with caution, largely because disciplinary power is a sensitive issue and those exercising it must do so with thoughtfulness and in absolute good faith and in accordance with the rule of law.

This research paper aims at examining the role of technology in boosting economic activity and employment, by adopting different research methodologies and taking the Saudi economy as a case study. The research results support the notion that technological progress is a key factor in achieving development goals pertaining to economic growth and employment level. The study suggests that the leaders and policy-makers in Saudi Arabia should pay a great attention on adopting technology as a medium for achieving the social and economic development goals.

Though there is a tendency among teenagers to not care about the adverse effect of tobacco but long-term smoking causes a serious problem in health. The objective of this study is to explore the prevalence, perception and awareness of minors and adolescents on cigarette selling and buying in Bangladesh. In this study, a quantitative oriented qualitative method has been used. The study reveals that overall 63% of the respondents are currently smoking. The proportion of smoking among the buyers is significantly higher (p<0.001) than sellers. A higher majority of the participants (93%) perceived that selling cigarette to minors is not good practice. A majority of the buyers (79%) and sellers (85%) have never been prevented from buying and selling cigarettes in the respective areas by any authorized personnel or even the general public. Majority of the respondents (86%) have no knowledge about any law on tobacco control in the country. About one quarter of the respondents (24%) perceived that the main causes of non-implementation of the law are the citizens’ reluctance to obey and negligence of the concerned authority to implement the law. It also explores that a tendency to get rid of from frustration is the main reason to smoke tobacco. The findings suggest that an awareness building program should be launched by the government including NGOs, academic institutes and voluntary organizations to raise awareness on the bad effects of tobacco.

An asocial individual is a personality whose actions are anti-social, manifested by violation and neglect of socially established legal norms. The individual’s manners and behaviour are often purposeful and his will is so weak that he is not strong enough to help himself, his family and close persons. That is the reason why he seeks help in another person (Nowotny, 2016).Social curatorship of the Slovak Republic in accordance with the Act No. 305/2005 Coll. on social and legal protection and social curatorship includes a set of measures for reduction, prevention or elimination of mental, physical or social development disorders in a child or adult individual. The main study objective is to find out subjective perceptions of the lay public about the need, opinions and provision of post-penitentiary care for the individuals released from the execution of a prison sentence. To obtain the necessary information, we choose a questionnaire method containing a set of unambiguously formulated questions. The used questionnaire is based on the defined objectives of the work. The stated study results are interesting. An individual who served a prison sentence is negatively influenced. There are changes in his lifestyle, role, hierarchy of needs, attitudes, relationship to duties, sense of responsibility, and contact with a new environment and surrounding world.

FL approach is defined as a pedagogical approach in which direct institution moves from the group learning space to the individual learning space, and the resulting group space is transformed into dynamic and interactive learning environment where the educators guides students as they apply concept and engages creatively in the subject matter. Accordingly, This study was aimed at exploring the effect of FL approach on higher education students’ achievements in academic writing skill. Therefore, experimental research design was applied to find out the significant effect. Moreover, the quantitative data were collected through academic writing test. In order to find out the significant effect of FL approach on the students’ achievements on academic writing, the data were tabulated by employed General Linear Model (GLM) univariate in Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 21. The result of this study shows that there was a significant effect of FL approach on college students’ study result in learning academic writing skill. Hence, the implementation of FL approach is highly recommended in EFL classroom especially teaching writing. However, teaching and doing research on other skills (speaking, listening and reading) are also suggested to implement FL approach.

The one-lecture-one-test (OLOT) is a learning model that compels students to write a short test after every lecture for a score that counts toward the continuous assessment and the overall grade. This is different from the traditional system in most universities which allows only two or three tests or assignments. In spite of the accolades for better grades, higher lecture attendance, higher concentration, interest and participation in class which it received when the findings from a one-year survey were presented to the participants at a notable international conference, the model still lacks prominence among lecturers. The unimpressive visibility, according to critics, is on the grounds that the technique would have to be investigated in a longitudinal study to determine its reliability as a learning system. This article presents the reports of a cohort study of journalism teaching over a period of three academic sessions. Improvements in students’ performance in the foregoing parameters were visible and consistent with the one-year investigation. Unimpressively, however, it turned out that lack of precision in grading constituted a vulnerable point that the adopters of the system would have to tackle in order to further make the system attractive.

Despite the widespread adoption of body worn video cameras by law enforcement agencies globally, very few research has been carried out to evaluate the effects of the use of those cameras. The South Korean police ran a pilot program of using body worn video cameras in Seoul for five months and found that frontline police officers were reluctant to use the cameras. This paper aims to explore the reasons behind this unpopularity and evaluate the efficacy of the use of the cameras in the South Korean context. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine police officers who have used the body worn video cameras during the pilot program. The findings suggested key restricting factors: (1) BWV cameras relative to smartphones were cumbersome to use, (2) BWV recordings did not reduce the paperwork load, and (3) BWV recordings could be accessed by the Inspection Division. Findings reveal that relevant policies need to be examined in a comprehensive manner and that it is of importance to prioritize the problems and set out to solve those problems accordingly.

The purpose of this study is to analyze dimensions of social capital among poverty group. According to Malaysia Department of Statistics, poverty group as known as B40 group measured based on their income. The incomes of B40 group refer to cut-off for Malaysia 2016 is below than RM 4,360. Nowadays, communities less directly connected among themselves due to technological advances. This is very serious situation because household income can affect others aspects such as mental health and quality of life. Social Capital can become as a medium in order to overcome this problem and communities are encouraged to support and use this medium. This study involved 149 respondents among B40 group in east coast of peninsular Malaysia which are Temerloh, Pasir Mas and Kemaman. Data were collected using questionnaires and analysis was conducted using SPSS software. The results of this study can be utilized by the parties involved as a reference for them to design specific programs or policies.

Latin and Greek are important donor languages to Hebrew, which does not belong to the Indo-European but Semitic language family. The present study conducted a vocabulary survey to examine the advantage of frequently used Modern Hebrew vocabulary of European origin and their English equivalents for learning Modern Hebrew as a foreign language. The Oxford 3000 list was used as the primary reference of high-frequency English words and their Hebrew equivalents. As a result, 186 loanwords of Latin or Greek origin are included in the most frequently used 3,000 Hebrew words and approximately 150 loanwords can be used with a similar pronunciation in English and Italian. Therefore, the present study concluded that knowledge of high-frequency Hebrew vocabulary of Greek or Latin origin could assist speakers of English and Italian in learning Modern Hebrew.

While the Orang Asli or the Indigenous People of Malaysia have been in existence since approximately 5,000 years ago, they are still lagging behind as compared to all the other mainstream ethnics, particularly the Malays, Chinese, and Indians. This study aims to listen to the voices of successful Indigenous People of Malaysia and thereafter, crystallise the contributing themes or factors from these voices. Accordingly, the research design employed is that of a phenomenology given that the research problem requires a profound understanding of a particular phenomenon -- the experiences of academic success -- common to the Indigenous People of Malaysia so as to distil individual experiences to an essential concept. Seven successful Orang Asli students willingly participated in the on-line interview by responding to the question in the Interview Protocol. Thematic analysis, performed through the process of coding in six phases to identify patterns across data sets, indicates two main themes which contributed to academic success. The first theme is that of Aspiration, the ardent wish or desire to become educationally and academically successful. The first theme on aspiration seems to be contributed by a further four subthemes, namely self-induced aspiration, family-induced aspiration, community-induced aspiration, and friend-induced aspiration. Meanwhile, the second theme is that of support and such a support is family-based, friend-based, school-based, community-based, government-based, and faith-based support, hence the six subthemes. The findings are discussed in the context of previous findings of academically resilient students.

The influence of diversity in education has affected the shift in pedagogical practice, moving from the traditional teacher-centered classroom to student-based teaching approach. Such teaching approach that has received extensive review from educators as well as researchers is differentiated instruction. Differentiated instruction has been practiced in numerous contexts with different types of students around the globe, in various academic subjects such as languages, mathematics, and sciences. Simultaneously, researchers, and practitioners alike, have indicated growing interest in conducting studies in the practice of differentiated instruction. These studies contributed to the expansion of the use of differentiated instruction in teaching and learning as well as in the improvement of its practice and students’ learning outcomes. This paper therefore discusses the current trend, or perspectives, of the researches in the practice of differentiated instruction, highlighting the research contexts, objectives, methods, and findings.

Scholars categorize slang as a language of the deviatory type that ranks below a formal speech and contains words that are used in special ways. Since its advent in the 18th century with its negative connotation and use by persons of low and disreputable character, including thieves, it has since been undergoing a dramatic transformation over time. Lately, slangs have found their ways into formal language codes in Nigeria especially among the youth. This study is an exploratory investigation of the patterns and meanings of slangs used by students of tertiary institutions in the country. This is a step toward the codification of these language deviances so that they can be better understood as communication tools and be an example to be imitated by other climes. The study found that many of the slangs and other coded words being used by the respondents were ICT-inspired. The research presents analysis of meanings, usage patterns and nature of such slangs.

Currently, the possibility and interest in publishing in the preprint format are increasing, with more or less incidence in practically all scientific areas. Under these circumstances, the aim of this perspective opinion paper is to contribute to the discussion of the possible interest in publishing preprint. In order to meet this task of discussing preprint challenges and perspectives, we will analyse preprint, its potential advantages and limitations in comparison with other types of academic publications, looking at the future of preprint publication at two levels: in terms of communication and dissemination of science; and in terms of benefits for the academic career of the author of preprint publications.

The change in the structure of ownership in the economic system is capable of determining the vector of economic development for a long time, since ownership of property brings relatively higher incomes than other types of activity. Privatization and nationalization are instruments that influence this structure. To date, the available empirical data are important, but they are diverse, many conclusions have been obtained on a very limited number of factors, are reliable mathematically, prove to be inauthentic in content, and are found in the same economy, completely incorrect, for example in Kazakhstan or other CIS countries. The purpose of this paper is to show how these two instruments were realized in the example of Kazakhstan, as the country in the shortest time carried out the reform of the transformation of the central management system and how effectively the established theories of property management in the economy.

Generally, thinkers of Islamic law reform deconstruct the radical and discriminatory notion and practice of Islamic law in Muslim countries, such as Al-Na’im who has done so in his country -Sudan- since (Al-Na’im, 1988) has rebuilt a legal theory-the naskh theory-with a new theory, the reversed naskh theory or a theory of change in the understanding of Islamic law to revive the eliminated verses of the Qur’an caused by traditional script theory. When there is a verse of the Qur’an that contradicts humanity’s benefit, it should be ignored, and a more appropriate verse (naskh) is sought. In addition to the theory, (Al-Na’im, 1988) also puts forward the principle of reciprocity-everyone should treat others well, if he wants to be treated well-as a starting point to realize a moderate and non-discriminatory notion of Islamic law. Thus, the term shari’ah which is understood only as a result of human interpretation is seen to be contrary to the theory of Islamic law (tasyri’) which views shari’ah as something that can not be intervened by human thought (qath’i) because it is the law God and not the result of human thinking. The omission of qath’i value in shari’ah influences the paradigm shift of shari’ah which was once considered normative, sacred and can not be changed to be very flexible and dynamic in fulfilling the needs and the benefit of humanity. This study concludes that Islamic public law, in the perspective of Al-Na’im, appears unfair, unfriendly and intolerant, which consequently make public Islamic law not functional in modern life. At present the alternative Islamic law which should be understood and practiced is based on the facts of reality supported by two arguments: moral arguments and empirical arguments, both defending humanitarian values so that Islamic public law will always solve humanitarian problems, not otherwise bring up problems caused by extremism. Muslims have rights to define their beliefs in their Islamic identity, including the practice of public Islamic law by not depriving the legitimacy of individual’s or group’s rights both inside and outside the Muslim community.

Under modern conditions of development of the national economy, the high importance is given to entrepreneurial activity of small and medium-sized businesses, since the competitiveness level of domestic enterprises, the share in various types of markets and the effectiveness of innovational performance directly depend on the economic activity on the scale of the enterprise, industry and region. In this article, the literature review of domestic and foreign authors, which carried out the research on the issues of patterns and features of business development, including in the Republic of Kazakhstan, is conducted. As a result of research, theoretical and methodological aspects of the study of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises were systematized, and corresponding conclusions were drawn.

In the current conditions of the economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the energy sector is one of the most important directions of the national economy, which is undoubted interest for conducting research in the field of sectoral economics. In this article, is given a literature review of domestic and foreign authors, which conducted research on the development and improvement of the management of the energy system. The article explores one of the topical problems - reforming and modernizing Kazakhstan’s energy sector. The characteristic regularities and features of the republic’s energy system are shown. The authors of the article conducted a study of Kazakhstan’s energy industry in various aspects of sectoral management, including energy security. As a result of the studies, the theoretical and methodological aspects of the study of the management of the national economy are systematized, on the basis of which conclusions are drawn.

The manager is someone who is in charge of and responsible for making, managing, leading, and handling the implementation of the plans to achieve a particular target. On the other side, competency is a capability and characteristic owned by the employee, in form of knowledge, skills, and attitudes, and required for completing the duties professionally, effectively, and efficiently. Nowadays, ‘Aisyiyah Islamic Hospital (RSIA) Klaten faces some obstacles due to its slow development and has not pursued any accreditation processes. This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the performance of manager in RSIA Klaten, Central Java, Indonesia. The investigated parameters were including problems, managerial challenges, and managerial competencies related to leadership skills, financial management, human resource management, equipment and drug management, as well as information system management. The analysis in this study was performed using SEM analysis to test the performance model of hospital managers and hypothetical relationships existed in the model. This study found that the performance of hospital managers was influenced by motivation, commitment, and leadership. Two other factors were proved to have no significant effect, i.e. job satisfaction and organizational culture. Motivation was proved to give the strongest influence on the manager performance, commitment, and leadership skill. commitment, leadership, and motivation, job satisfaction and organizational culture, and competence effect on manager performance.

The most important goal of this paper is to critically examine and analyze traditional approaches to substantiating analytical decisions on the securities market and to identify those that can be effectively used to select attractive securities in modern emerging markets, taking into account the specific characteristics of these markets. The paper examines the feasibility of justifying investment decisions using the analysis of calculated characteristics of the expected yield on securities, as well as computer technical analysis. Most of the above research results are of an applied nature and can be used by investors, professional analysts, portfolio managers when assessing the expected effectiveness of investments in securities and other financial assets.

The aim of this research paper is to employ a mixed research approach and to check how the past data differs from the present and hence it uses an argument mapping to find the reality using focus group. Since genders have different opinion on pop-up and banner advertisements, two focus groups, one group consisting the female gender and the other focus group consisting the male respondents have been taken for the data collection. Small sample has been used for the argument mapping (N=45/Male) and (N=47/Female). A series of steps has been conducted in the argument mapping and relevant maps have been developed for drawing inference. It is found that, male have no patience to deal with the pop-up and banner advertisements but women are keener and patient enough to make the best use of these advertisements. On the other hand a questionnaire was framed from the variables found from the literature review and the same was distributed to both the genders and it was found collectively that though pop-up advertisements and banner advertisements are useful in some way, it is always considered to be a negative aspect. Misleading advertisements, data security scam are a few negative aspects of such advertisements and hence, there are a lot of ugly truth behind pop up and banner advertisements. The mixed research approach (triangulation) between the quantitative and qualitative is a new initiative taken by the researchers in this research and holds originality of the study.

This study examined the relationship between Financial Ratio Analysis and Market Price of share in the Selected Quoted Agriculture and Agro-allied firm in Nigeria after Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard(hereafter referred to as IFRS) from 2012 to 2016.The most extant literature on the relationship between Financial Ratio Analysis and Market Price in Nigeria were done when their financial statement is prepared as per Nigerian Accounting Standard and the results of most of these extant studies were mixed. Since Nigeria adopted IFRS in 2012 the relationship Financial Ratio Analysis and Market Price of Share is not yet fully known. This is a gap which this research study intended to address. This study used multiple regression analysis and is limited to the use of data taken from the selected firms’ financial statement. Proxies used for Financial Ratio include Earnings per Share, Net Assets per Share, Liquidity Ratio, Debt Ratio, Return on Asset and Return on Equity. The result shows that Earnings per Share, Net Assets per Share, Debt Ratio and Return on Asset Ratio are positively and significantly related toNigerian Agriculture and Agro-Allied Quoted firms Market Price of Share. Also it was found that the Liquidity Ratio and Return on Equity Ratio are not significantly related to Nigerian Agriculture and Agro-Allied Quoted firms Market Price of Share.

This study departs from empirical studies which had focused on the effect of non-performing loan on the performance of banks to the neglect of liquidity of banks. In the wake of the recent collapse of universal banks which has engulfed the Banking sector of Ghana, this study analyse the effect of non-performing loan on liquidity of universal banks in the context of the constant revision of the minimum capital requirement by the central bank. The cross sectional time series design was adopted and the census sampling was used to collect data from twenty banks for the period of 2008 to 2017. The outcome of the study showed that, Non-performing loan (NPL) and Capital adequacy ratio (CAR) positively influence the liquidity of the universal banks using working capital management practice, poor provision, ownership structure, bank size and loan growth as controlling variables. From this backdrop, it is empirically established that, minimum capital requirement indeed matters in the liquidity management of universal banks. It is therefore strongly recommended that the central bank should organise training programmes for the universal banks on fund management in other to have a balance funds in non-current asset and cash to avoid the negative effective on bank panic on their operation.

The Women Representation in the legislative in the 2014 election in Indonesia, nationally and in the region, both provincial and district / city decreased. This condition also occurs in Bojonegoro. The women representation is only 12%, below the national and East Java Province percentage of the woman representation. The situation is particularly ironic, when compared to the election in 2009, whereas the number of women voters increased and the quota system of 30% woman representation with increasingly the strict of Zipper System, as stipulated in regulation number 8 Year 2012, about the Election of DPR, DPD, DPRD, and PKPU. And the regulation number 7 Year 2013, about The nomination rules of DPR, Provincial and Regency / City DPRD, by considering affirmative action for woman representation. This evaluation needs to be conducted to determine the barriers of women in legislative elections and provide solutions to develop the woman representation significantly. Using exploratory and descriptive qualitative method, it is found that there are 522,246 female voters and 515,412 male voters, but only 408,115 (78.25 %) females and 372,539 (72.18 %) males use their voting rights. The absence of voters in the election in 2014 totals to 24.77%. The Recruitment system of majority candidates for legislative held in closed system.There were 535 (from 12 parties) fixed candidate, with 190 (35.51 %) female candidates as the woman representation and 345 (64.49 %) male candidates. The election results get 50 seats from 11 political parties, with 6 women (12 %) as member of legislative and the others 44 (88 %) were men. Evaluation results indicate that there is a majority of female candidates without a mass base, so they were unknown. Those who pass to parliament, they are cadres and have a loyal supporter from mass base. This obstacle is a new finding. Other obstacles are financial limitations and psychological obstacles, nominated only to meet the 30% quota rules and using closed system recuruitment. As a result, the woman candidates was very minimal, only 12 % and it was unsignificant.This study recommends increasing woman representation. It still needed to quota and increase the capacity of women through political education, leadership education and economic empowerment. In addition, recommend to the parties to use the open system in recruiting candidates for legislative members to obtain the qualified candidates.

Homestay program has a very good impact on the country’s economy and tourism sector especially for the benefit of locals. The study intends to examine the relationship between sustainability and motivation of homestay entrepreneurs in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The study applied both quantitative and qualitative methods involving face-to-face interview and questionnaire instrument for data collection. 258 entrepreneur respondents took part by mean of simple random sampling method. The study reported a significant relationship between sustainability and motivation. The findings also identified that the homestay entrepreneurs in Malaysia’s East Coast states were highly motivated by internal factors to involve in the homestay business, even though they were facing many challenges and problems in managing their homestay businesses. This results will be benefitted to the homestay entrepreneurs to improve and enhancing their homestay business in future. Nonetheless, collaboration and networking with government and associations are still needed to further improve the development of homestay program.

The present study aims at investigating the moderating effect of administrative role in the relationships between the service quality dimensions, logistic support and perceived quality service of local government (Dhaka City Corporation) in the context of Bangladesh. For the purpose of the study, data were collected from 222 slum dwellers of Dhaka City living in the six big slums which are Shampur, Tejgaon, Bhasantak, Korail, Kamalapur and Zurain slums to examine the moderating effect. The responses were gathered with 5 point Likert scale with response options ranging from strongly agree (5) to strongly disagree (1) through a structured questionnaire survey. Collected data were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling technique (PLS-SEM) with the support of the software Smart PLS 2.0 M3. The findings reveal that administrative role positively moderates the relationship between assurance dimension and perceived service quality of local government; logistic support and perceived quality service and finally, the findings reveal that administrative role has significant moderating effect in the relationship between responsiveness and perceived service equality of local government. Hence, the findings give an indication that local government should play positive administrative role to improve the services quality and make their services effective for slum dwellers. The policy makers, local government and other related stakeholders might find this study as an essential tool in designing, developing and implementing their activities directed to the slum dwellers.

This study is the reflection of the various factors affecting the online tourism aggregators in this Techno enthusiastic world. In this study the factors affecting tourism aggregators are identified and analysed for the purpose of measuring their success. Growing in number of web clients and utilization of web, alongside headway in data innovation is putting forth relative information in the virtual space. Indian tourism is having new opportunities as many foreign investments are made on the hotels, which in a way is promoting the India tourism. Besides many tourism applications are also popping up each day. Even in the recent times, the government has come up with investments plans towards the tourism industry as well as the technical base for India. Hence it gives an extensive scope for the industry to grow. The latest promotional efforts and celebrity endorsements in the tourism industry has created revolutionary impact and took Indian Tourism to the next level. Hence, the conglomerate of technology and tourism and their mutual impact is the integral part of the research. This research focuses on assessing impact on the online conversion of travellers. A logistic regression model in SPSS has been designed to find significant relation between the independent variables and dependent variable. It also analyses the factors which are affecting significantly in the success of the aggregators specific to tourism industry. This paper seeks to explore the industry from the perspective of technology and provide a deeper insight of the same.

This study critically reviews the existing literature corresponding to banks’ performance in SMEs sector and investigates the Bank-SMEs relationship. The issues are highlighted with theoretical background of banks’ performance from SMEs financing perspective. Further, it elaborates the financial performance of firms which theoretically supports the banks’ credit rationality. The subsequent sections explain each determinant of SME firms by identifying the theories that individually elucidate firm-specific variables i.e., firms’ performance, financial need, capital structure and growth of banks. Additionally, it explores the association between SMEs loan requirements, length of relationship, product/services and banks’ performance. Moreover, the current study appraises some earlier researches which have examined the direct and indirect relationships among industry specific variables and firm-bank performance. Based on existing information, the final section articulates the gaps identified in literature to summarize the findings and areas for future researches.

Developing countries are experiencing rapid and unguided urbanization which may contribute to increase poverty. Managing rapid urbanization is crucial for sustainable development. The main purpose of this article is to explore the determinants, trend and status of urbanization and counter-urbanization in South Asia. The effects of urbanization and counter urbanization has influence on land use pattern and real estate planning in South Asia. Urbanization in South Asia provides opportunities for education, employment, better housing, updated technology transfer, markets for agricultural products and better physical treatment facilities by gathering well educated and skilled people. While the urbanization is increasing gradually in most of the megacities in South Asia but the trend of counter urbanization is less than the urbanization. The paper concluded with some policy recommendations including public-private partnership for sustainable urban development in South Asia.

The significant communication matters which are exceedingly studied are political communication, ideology and media. In the literature, political communication studies, which are generally included in the electoral periods, studies on ideology, which are the subject of critical approaches, and media studies within both mainstream and critical studies are frequently encountered. However; by conveying political communication to a broader dimension, the studies which centered the ideology and indicate to the power of manipulating the masses and to ideologies that are placed in discourses in terms of political communication, are nearly minute amount. Nowadays except for opportunities are provided to masses by media, with serviced ownership structure and in addition to this, the function of transmitting ideologies that break away from reality, moves the media to a dangerous position. In this study, which aims to gain a different perspective on the literature and to draw the attention of ideologies to political messages in order to influence and direct the masses in political communication and at the point of transferring these ideologies; firstly, these concepts were explained and then, how ideology came to life through the media in political communication. When it is eveluated from this point of view, scanning method was used on this study which is aimed to contribute with an authentic perspective on literature, and it was reached the active role of ideologies on political communication and the reality that media directed with this ideologic affect the masses.

One of the best solutions for countries with foreign trade deficit and cannot increase total exports is to improve the added value of exported products. High technology products have the highest added value. The method to increase production and exports in high technology products is to increase R&D expenditures and qualified labor force available for the R&D sector. South Korea, for example, is one of the countries that significantly accelerate economic growth thanks to technology-intensive exports. South Korea, has recognized the importance of advanced technology-driven growth in its export-oriented economic growth strategy. South Korea has succeeded in transforming the composition of the manufacturing industry significantly over the years and transforming it from labor-intensive industry to capital-intensive and high-tech industries (Arslanhan and Ve Kurtsal, 2010). Again, China initially started with cheap and low quality products exports based on cheap labor. However, when China came to 2012, there were 170 automobile brands producing and exporting. There were advances towards the defense and space industry. In the same years, China has begun to take its place in the pharmaceutical industry with its advanced technology and mass production capacity (Ozsoylu and Algan, 2011; World Bank, 2012). On the other hand, India has significantly accelerated its economic growth through computer software, natural healthy life support products and remote call center services it offers to developed countries thanks to the individuals it sent for education abroad in the 1960s (Hindistan, 2012). Members of BRICST countries, Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa and Turkey drew global attention due to their economic growth performance in recent years. Economic performance of these countries affects the foreign trade volume and economic growth for the rest of the world. In the present study, impacts of R&D expenditures and the size of the qualified R&D labor force on high technology exports were investigated for BRICTS countries using panel data analysis for 1996-2014 period. We expected that the study findings would reveal a positive impact of R&D expenditures and qualified labor force in the R&D sector on exports in high technology products. The present study would contribute to the literature as it would draw the attention of developing countries to the significance of R&D expenditures and qualified labor force in the R&D sector.

Today’s successful organizations realize on the important of strong key position to maintain and sustain long-term productivity. In a time when the competition for top talent increases, many organizations have developed strategic succession planning process to ensure their organizations will be well positioned to compete in the long-term. Besides, Higher education will face similar challenges as those who have led for years leave their institutions. This quantitative research aimed to identify the nature and characteristics of succession planning, to determine the relationship between the degree of clarity of the concept of succession planning and the implementation of succession planning and to identify the relationship between managerial support towards succession planning and the implementation of succession planning among non-academic staff at one of public university in Malaysia. Quantitative research method is practiced in this research. The questionnaire, 5 point Likert scale has been used to collect the data. Hence, the research sample is composed of 55 non-academic staff from Grade N41 to N54. Nevertheless, 46 of the completed questionnaires were received, producing a 92 per cent response rate for this study. The finding revealed that managerial support towards succession planning had overall highest mean values from the respondents, while the degree of the clarity of the concept and implementation of succession planning had moderate mean values from the respondents. There is a significant positive relationship between the degree of clarity of the concept and implementation succession planning. Likewise, there is a significant positive relationship between managerial support and implementation of succession planning. Moreover, implications of the findings, suggestions for future studies and recommendations for proactive implementation and action to be taken were also presented.

The article reveals the importance of studying axiological phraseological units at foreign language lessons in higher school in the process of forming a communicative competence that provides an opportunity for effective intercultural communication. Communication with native speakers cannot be effective without taking into account their national characteristics and national mentality. In addition, understanding the national mentality contributes to the formation of a value system for future professionals, which is an indispensable component of the educational process at university. The most vivid reflection of values, traditions and features of the perception of the world of particular peoples in the language occurs through phraseological units. The analysis of German axiological phraseological units makes it possible to determine values and anti-values in the German linguoculture that are a reflection of the national mentality and are manifested in all spheres of life of the Germans. The research methods are the following: descriptive method, analysis of lexicographical interpretations and etymology of German phraseological units; the method of component analysis to research the structure of meaning of studied units; the method of conceptual and interpretative analysis. As a result of the study of German axiological phraseological units, the following features of the German mentality were revealed: a clear delineation of the private and public sphere, the closure of the private sphere and the emotional closure of the individual; diligence and condemnation of laziness; the value of time – rigid planning and strict adherence to the plan, high pace of life; the idealization of order, the desire for orderliness; hypertrophied sense of responsibility for their actions and their consequences, foresight, caution; thrift and practicality, condemnation of prodigality. Research results can be helpful for the German language training, in professional activity of translators, linguists. Toassimilate the German axiological phraseology at foreign language lessons, the article presents interactive tasks created in the Hot Potatoes program (task for filling in passes, restoring sequences, establishing correspondences, multiple choice of answers).

The article is devoted to a very relevant topic – borrowings from English into German and Spanish. This way of language enrichment is one of the most important one nowadays. Borrowing helps to name objects that are new for the recipient culture or that do not have its own name in the language. This process leads to the changes of the shape of the language, to its development. In this article English language as a source of borrowings and two languages recipients – German and Spanish – are studied. English language is a language that acts as a donor for many languages, especially for the Europeans ones due to close geographical and cultural connections. In the article all the examples of borrowed vocabulary were taken from media and social network texts, since these spheres are the rapidly developing and tend to reflect all the current processes happening inside the society. The history of these borrowings is studied and descried. The conclusion about the influence of English language on Spanish and German languages is made at the end of the research.

Ambon City has been awarded as a Music and Culinary City of Indonesia by The Bekraf RI (Republic of Indonesia’s Creative Economy Agency). This article discusses how the preparations that have been carried out by the city of Ambon towards the world music city and the various problems associated within it. A number of relevant stakeholders in Ambon were interviewed and opened various evaluations and problem solving. Various programs that have been carried out are in accordance with the standards requested by UNESCO, but the priority scale in the executed steps requires more careful attention. Some things that still need more attention are related to information, regulation, relations between stakeholders, organizing music festivals (live performances) and bureaucratic systems. This article concludes that efforts related to the world music city still need a serious effort in positioning Ambon in the midst of global competition.

Green production of bricks need to be promoted to reduce greenhouse emission gas. Nevertheless, best practices of green brick production are being slowly adopted by local brick producers. The paper discusses the emerging adaptive leadership theories for environmental sustainability. A qualitative study employing tools of change space analysis and stakeholder analysis revealed localized barriers to green production. Overall, it is hard to change traditional production processes in all firms. But there is increasing demand for this change from environmental and social consumers and governments are committed to this cause. A strategy for institutional collaboration with identified priority partners has been drawn up to integrate best practices with local knowledge and initiatives for sustainable production.

Deregulated and open markets have shaped an increasingly turbulent and uncertain environment especially for the travel agent. Notably, most companies nowadays focus on an effective service marketing mix to enhance the quality of their services. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss issues and challenges faced by Umrah travel agencies in Malaysia, and proposes a newly developed marketing mix to be adopted by the Umrah travel industry. The service marketing mix model extends the current 7Ps marketing mix; by the inclusion of the new P which is Pleasure. The services delivered through 8 Ps will result in a better performance of knowledge and skill enhancements which subsequently will enable the Malaysian Umrah travel industry to compete globally thus producing a high degree of satisfaction among stakeholders. This paper ends by drawing some conclusions and identifying areas for further research.

The article is devoted to the investigations of the category of evidentiality in the English language. It is argued for the approach to consider the English language as a language characterized by evidential strategy. Every language has some ways of referring to the information source, but a category of evidentiality does not exist in every language. Evidentiality is a category that relates to perceptivity and/or epistemological basis in the formulation of a statement. This category can be divided into direct and indirect evidentiality. It is important to specify whether the speaker is a witness of a particular situation. Also it should be mentioned how he makes conclusion: on the basis of facts or hears about it from others. It is proved that the source of evidentiality suggests different ways of obtaining information. The paper indicates that there is a zone of convergence between such concepts as evidentiality and epistemic modality. There were given points of view of Western Europe’s linguists who traditionally examine the various combinations of options of these concepts.

This research is a continuation of previous research and funded by Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology. This study aims to create performance model guidance by predicting performance with Springate model with the basis of business strategy identification selected by companies in two sectors.The amount of data processed by food and beverage sector are 104 from 11 companies and 315 data from 37 companies in property and real estate sector. Business strategies chosen by firms in both sectors have an effect on performance achievement. The result shows that only net profit before interest and tax to total asset in food and beverage sector have a significant effect to stock return but firm in property and real estate all have an insignificant effect. In Food and Beverage sector, working capital to total asset, net profit before interest and tax to total asset, net profit before tax to current liabilities and sales to total asset have no significant effect to stock return, but have significant effect on property and real estate sector. Coefficient of springate affect to stock return on both sector.

The article gives an insight into the innovative teaching method called CLIL (Content Language Integrated Learning) and its possibilities in teaching the English language in the sphere of fashion. Today fashion is a rapidly developing industry; therefore, there is a growing demand for fashion specialists both in Russia and internationally. Research shows one needs to master English at an advanced level in order to work successfully in the fashion industry worldwide. The authors introduce a well-structured content-oriented innovative course Fashion and Clothes: Language and Beauty, applying a variety of integrated CLIL methods of teaching English, as the main language of the fashion industry. The authors come to the conclusion that the English course devoted to teaching fashion is important and relevant nowadays, especially, because students in Russia and many other developing countries lack opportunity to receive a fashion degree. The materials of the research may be applied by university staff and ESP teachers worldwide to provide for the successful development of students’ professional, linguistic and personal competencies.

The increased smartphone users have an impact on social media users who also continue to increase. This is used by the company as a marketing tools, with the hope that the products (goods or services) offered can reach a wider market, increase sales, enhance the company’s image and compete with other similar companies. PT. Sari Coffe Indonesia is known as Starbucks using social media such as Instagram, LINE and Facebook. On the other hand, Starbucks also pays attention to the quality of services provided to its customers which must be able to meet customer needs and even exceed customer expectations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out (1) the effect of social media marketing (X1) on customer purchase intention (Y); (2) service quality (X2) use towards purchase intention (Y); (3) social media marketing (X1) and service quality (X2) use towards purchase intention (Y). The method used in this research is associative quantitative, the method of data collection using the media questionnaire, the scope of this research focuses on customers at Starbucks Pasaraya Grande branch. Data processing using SPSS. Data processing results indicate that there is a significant influence between the independent variable and the dependent variable of 59.8%. At the same time, the results of the F examination also show a significant effect between the independent variable and the dependent variable. In addition, based on T examination, service quality (X2) partially dominates the influence on intention to buy (Y) variable with t count 9,404 while the amount of t count on social media marketing (X1) is 3,182.

The real estate market in Malaysia is growing as the nation grows more prosperous. There were 376,583 transactions recorded in Malaysia in 2010 with an aggregate worth RM107.44 billion (Construction Industry Development ,2016). This study intends to inspect the factors that drive consumer’s intention to use online property website. Previous literature does not include in-depth analyses such as consumer behavior. Hence, this conceptual paper proposes a model the key constructs that determine consumers’ intention to use online property website based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model. The proposed model integrates the S-O-R model with atmospheric cues from websites such as informativeness, effectiveness and entertainment. The results of the study provide significant insights the phenomenon of using online property ads and factors that influence consumers’ intention regarding online property websites. Recommendations for future research are also presented.

The article analyzes the experimental study of the effect of the conduct self-regulation on the functional state and physical development of cadets studying in a military institute. Theoretical analysis of various guidance documents on the study problem shows that at the present stage of modernizing the Russian National Guard Troops and higher professional education, military institutes must use efficient innovative approaches to obtaining knowledge by cadets. It goes about developing an individual efficient pedagogical impact on cadets that contributes to forming self-development, searching for nonstandard solutions for problems, and better learning of the educational material. The authors define the interrelation between the conduct self-regulation and models of the conduct self-regulation and a complex of physical exercises that were developed and introduced to the educational process of the military institute as the main factors that determine high efficiency of physical training of cadets. The article identifies the problem on establishing a contradiction between the needs of troops in officers who are ready for sudden fulfillment of service and service-combat tasks, and pedagogical capabilities of the educational process of the military institute that contribute to forming the conduct self-regulation and developing cadets’ physical skills required for this. Reasons of low level of physical conditioning and functional state of the first-year cadets are critically analyzed.

The purpose of this work is to study the peculiarities of formation and space-temporal spreading of vegetation cover in the European desert during the Tertiary and The Quaternary periods. The authors have revealed three ecological-historical stages: Ancient Caspian, New Caspian and Newest Caspian, which correspond to the periods of main fluctuations in the Caspian Sea, as well as to global climate changes, which periodically caused the changes of different types of vegetation. Ecotone type of landscape has been observed in the European desert. Ecotone of the first class has been traced in the Precaspian Lowland, ecotone of the second class – in the vegetation of the Ancient Caspian terraces and the thirds class – in the transitional zones between terraces. Each terrace corresponds to an exact geological epoch: Early Khavlynian, Late Khvalynian and New Caspian. Vegetation as an indicator of ecological conditions reflects landscape evolution in the Precaspian region. Ecological-dynamic rows, laying on each terrace, reveal regularity of succession process from the Caspian Sea coast to zonal vegetation. Criteria of evaluation are as follows: decrease of ground waters level and saline degree of soil.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors impacting the student satisfaction with the public and private universities of Malaysia and Pakistan, which are countries representing South/South-East Asia in cross-culture perspective. The study has applied a quantitative survey design guided by five hypotheses. A questionnaire was distributed among the students of private and public universities. A conceptual framework has been developed based on the modification of Student Satisfaction Index (SSI) model to measure the satisfaction of students from different aspects, such as university image, university location, quality of academic staff, university facilities, student expectation, overall student satisfaction. The research method used was a survey-based questionnaire that consisted of a total of 396 responses from the university students. The data were analyzed with SPSS and SmartPLS 3; the results indicate that when the comparison was made separately between private and public universities of Malaysia and Pakistan. The comparative statistical score was obtained using independent sample t-Test, the university facilities of Malaysian universities resulted higher than universities in Pakistan. Therefore, the independent sample t-test results conclude that the university facilities have a significant evidence (p=0.00) to support our research findings that university facilities do affect the student satisfaction more in Malaysia (mean=4.1788) than Pakistan (mean =3.7212) and the research hypothesis is significant that there is a significant difference in student satisfaction towards university facilities in Malaysia and Pakistan. Similarly, the quality of academic staff (p=0.035) has a significant effect on student satisfaction in Malaysia (mean=3.8283) and Pakistan (mean=3.6641). Furthermore, this leads the student expectation and overall student satisfaction level of Malaysia students are higher than students in Pakistan. However, student satisfaction level on university image and university location in Malaysia and Pakistan do not differ. The study is useful for university management to improve university students satisfaction. The future researchers are recommended further explore demographic and cultural variables impact on student satisfaction.

The paper deals with the idea of creating the English-medium learning environment in middle schools as means of improving students’ English language command via learning motivation throughout their school years. The analysis is based on the research into learning environment by Russian and international scholars on the issue. The empirical part of the research is based on the analysis and interpretation of best teaching practices of some schools in the Republic of Tatarstan, which have successfully introduced English-medium learning environment in their institutions. The leading approach used by the authors is observation and classification of investigated material, interviewing, collecting, analyzing and synthesizing the data, received via interviews with teachers and school administration. The authors come to the conclusion that English-medium learning environment allows to successfully maintain to sufficiently improve school students’ foreign language command and nurture learning motivation. The materials of the research may be applied by researchers and teaching staff who are interested in creating English–speaking academic environment in their educational institutions.

Islamic home financing is a kind of product offered by Islamic banks, which is based on the principle of Sharia. Using the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) as basis, this study examine factors that influence customers intention in using Islamic home financing. 342 usable surveys are obtained from Islamic bank customers which are the staff in UTM. There are six determinant factors which are attitudes, subjective norms, religious obligation, price and product knowledge were tested. The outcomes show that attitude, religious obligation and product knowledge significantly influenced customers’ intention to use Islamic home financing while price and subjective norms are not significant. The results would help bankers to improving the strategies about the factors that they need the effective market Islamic home financing products in order to be more competitive and known to customers.

Horton Plain is the highest plateau in Sri Lanka with an elevation ranging between 1800m and 2300m. It is situated in the Central Highland of the country which covered 3162 hectares. The main objective of this study is the attempt to identify Geo – Tourism potential and in the Horton Plain National Park. Data collected for this study are from both secondary and primary sources. Secondary data collected through literature, research articles, maps, books, and magazine. The primary data collected from field observation, interview and questionnaires. The Geo tourism potential was evaluated using an assessment methodology with mathematical formulas. Scientific values, additional values and vulnerability were used for the assessment. As a result, Horton plain National Park was identified Geo tourism potential to be based on the final results of the evaluation, it can be concluded that the area of Horton plain National Park possesses high scientific value (ScV 56.48%), moderate additional values (AdV 38.25%) and a high level of vulnerability. Finally, can be concluded study area has great geo diversity which makes it attractive for various types of tourism, including geo-tourism.

The echo of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is often heard in the contemporary business management since the last four decades. CSR continuously getting attention due to the ever changing business landscape. As CSR marks its notion of importance in the business context, its roles, and values among academicians who are entrusted to educate the future generation remains ambiguous. Current research aims to look into the impact of perceived roles of ethics and social responsibility (PRESOR) and Internal CSR on the Employee Engagement among academicians in the education setting. Judgemental sampling method is used to locate the targeted respondents and data collected is analysed using Partial Least Squares Equation Modeling. The results reveal that PRESOR has a positive impact on Internal CSR. Internal CSR has no significant impact on Employee Engagement among academicians and its’ indirect effect between PRESOR and Employee Engagement is also found to be insignificant. The findings contribute by providing some insights on the role of ethics and social responsibility among academicians in the education sector. Education institutions may wish to look into other means to increase academicians’ employee engagement instead of ethics and social responsibility.

This article deals with the problems of education process organizing within the University in the field of international relations study. The peculiarity of the line is that the perfect knowledge of the languages studied should be supported by a profound knowledge in the sphere of specialization. It means that the future graduates should understand political, economic and geopolitical affairs around the world and ought to be good enough to analyze the specific literature, to point out the principal ideas of the TV and Radio programmes, to use the obtained language skills solving the daily tasks at a workplace. Thus, here we see the necessity of all the aspects of language mastering as listening, reading, use of language skills and etcetera, along with training the students how to operate the knowledge they received within the education process. In order to achieve the goals supposed, it is preferable to use a set of vocabulary assessment tests and self-study cases, putting the learners in true to life situations, where they will have to cope with different difficulties natural for the international relations line.

Word-of-mouth (WOM) is interpreted as inter-consumer communication regarding their personal experience of a product or service. WOM Marketing has become an important communication tool to promote brands and products. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of WOM on purchase intention as well as to examine WOM as the mediating effect in associating the antecedents (service quality, trust, utilitarian value, and hedonic value) and purchase intention among Sarawak’s hotel guests. Studies have proven that WOM to be rather persuasive compared to advertising in transferring positive or negative information and is set to be one of the most relevant and important strategies to promote hotel’s products. This cross-sectional paper, using self-administered questionnaires, is one of the few papers to examine the prominent factors on word of mouth and purchase intention in the context of Sarawak hotel industry. The targeted population sample consisted of 400 respondents who stayed in the hotels in Kuching. Quantitative study, random sampling method, descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the data collection and analysis, of which SPSS version 23 and PROCESS Model 4 were utilized. The results indicated that there was a significant mediating effect between all the four antecedents and purchase intention.

Language teaching is not simply an exercise in training people in skills. It is intended to impart to them something useful and valid, which means that the skills have to be integrated, so that students can be helped to overcome their difficulties in communication. A lot of business and law courses came to studying business and legal English through case studies. Taking an active part in problem-solving and decision-making with all the pain and pleasure make students be involved in progressing from analysis of a problem to a successful solution. Discussing the problems, listening to each other and expressing ideas are the ways of exercising all four language skills using case studies in language teaching and examining whether or not they work effectively in the classroom.

The existence of ethical accounting practices was one of the reasons of deficiencies and difficulties in the field of internal auditing as a profession, in addition to the use of modern techniques and methods to address the shortcomings and difficulties encountered by the form of ethical accounting practices, a great challenge to the accounting profession and auditing through the practices, procedures and policies used by accountants. The exploratory nature of this study was adopted by the researcher on the developmental approach, in which the various information available in the books and courses were extracted and results reached on the application of internal auditing and ethical accounting practices. We have experience that can help protect economic unity and reduce ethical practices. In order to do so, the technology of the systems of expertise can be used in the face of inefficiencies and inefficiencies in the performance of internal audits. The research is based on the main hypothesis that there is a relationship of correlation and effect between the effectiveness of internal audit and the practices of the ethical accountant.

The article deals with the problem of competitiveness and efficiency of crop production in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Presented detailed analysis of the crop industry condition reveals the importance of the pacing factors limiting production, demand, and possible yielding of different types of products, as well as its dynamic entry into the market. It was established that per hectare subsidies in crop production were ineffective and did not encourage the interest of agricultural producers in increasing productivity. The conducted analysis has led to the conclusion that to improve the production efficiency and product competitiveness, the agricultural businesses should carry out certain activities to improve the quality of seed grain, special tillage, as well as the appropriate fertilizer distribution depending on the needs of the soil in nutrients, and other measures that would ultimately contribute to the growth of agricultural product quality characteristics.

There are many online translation platforms available in China. Through the traffic information published by the Chinese website rankings, this paper selects five online translation platforms featured in this study as a comparative analysis of Google, Baidu, Youdao, Kingsoft and Bing. Google, Baidu and Bing Translation platforms use their powerful search engine features to integrate corpus resources and provide corresponding sources of information. Kingsoft and Youdao Translation platforms are popular universal online dictionaries. This article selects a technical text, compares translations through the five translation platforms, and combines the interface features, functional characteristics and user feedback of the five major translation platforms.

The paper deals with the role of background knowledge in building the translating/interpreting competence of the students majoring in Linguistics. Methods/analyses: the leading approach used by the authors is observation, collecting and analyzing the data received via the experiment. The authors mark the main problems: lack of attention to background knowledge in teaching methodology of translation in academic major of linguistics. The article is provided by the experiment carried out with the second-year students of the Kazan Federal University. The authors come to the conclusion that background knowledge is crucial for future translators/interpreters and provide recommendations and tools to improve the academic background knowledge acquisition process for the sake of better understanding between communication agents.

The article given is dedicated to consideration of distant teaching in modern education, its comparison with intramural form of study. Significance of the research given is stipulated by requirements for innovative forms of teaching and learning resulted from contemporary social transformations. The aim of the paper is to reveal some trends of distant education at university, its advantages and disadvantages. Methods used to study the subject of the research were as follows: analysis of linguistic and methodological literature, analysis and synthesis of the data obtained, generalization and comparison of the data obtained. The results of the study are derived from evaluation of technologies used in the distance teaching process. Innovative methods of distant teaching allow to involve specialists from various educational institutions, expand information space accessible to students, and integrate Russian universities into the worldwide education system. The role of independent work to achieve high-standard study of a foreign language in the distance is substantiated. The study can be useful for researchers in the field of education, teachers of foreign languages, students and others.

The article presents the author’s classification of risks related to the traffic system. Materials of applied sociological research that demonstrate its approbation and contain the assessment are presented. The expert survey and the compilation of a risk rating with the arithmetic average at a 10-point grade system are used as the basic method. The heuristic moments in the evolution of scientific ideas about the category of "risk" are recorded, which allowed to develop the author’s classification of risks. An algorithm is proposed for the transition from the theoretical construct to empirical recording that allowed to obtain a comprehensive picture of the state of risks and their impact on the traffic system safety. Methods to minimize the risks of the traffic system in the modern conditions are reviewed.

The most important characteristic of the economic activity of an industrial enterprise is the level of its financial standing. The higher this level, the more attractive is the company for shareholders, banks, service, raw materials and components buyers and suppliers, the more competitive its products are. In recent years, we have seen an unfavorable business climate both in Russia and around the world, which, on the one hand, forces some companies to cut costs or completely withdraw from the market, and on the other, it fosters companies’ attention to creative function, and not only in relation to the products being created, but also to the enterprise management model, the distribution and use of resources. In this connection, the possibility of using sourcing’s technologies in the issue of improving the financial stability of an industrial enterprise through the restructuring of its distribution model and the use of resources is of interest. To achieve this goal, we have used the sourcing’s maneuver model "higher utilization of production areas by providing outsourcing services". The development of proposals for improving the financial standing of the enterprise was carried out through the application of the "direct-hosting" system. In the present work, the authors developed proposals for improving the financial standing of an industrial enterprise through the application of the sourcing’s maneuver model. The results of this work can be useful for further scientific research in the field of economy of sourcing and development of the "direct-hosting" system. They can also be useful for managers of financial and economic units of large industrial enterprises. The developed proposals for improving the financial standing of an industrial enterprise through sorsing maneuver suggest the prospect of further scientific work in the field of forming methodological approaches for making managerial decisions.

The paper considers the problem of reception of the J.R.R. Tolkien’s work in Russia by readers who are not professionally engaged in literary studies. This type of reception is the response of a wide readership to the writer’s texts and means the attitude towards them. The relevance of the research topic is determined not only by the significance of the figure of J.R.R Tolkien as a writer, but also by his significant influence on world literature and culture and the need for his comprehension. The analysis of reception characteristics in relation to the socio-cultural and literary context seems timely and meets the needs of modern literary science and Tolkienism as an area of studies of Tolkien’s work. Written response of the non-professional readership to the themes of J.R.R Tolkien work previously did not become the objects of detailed scientific study, and their study seems a promising direction research. The paper identifies and analyzes the main receptive approaches of unprofessional readers to the texts of J.R.R Tolkien. The reception is presented as a dynamic process and is considered in development. This research contributes to a further deeper understanding of the work of J.R.R Tolkien, as well as the interpretations that it receives in the Russian cultural and literary context.

In the present study, we objectify the timeliness of studying trolling as a type of communicative behavior during Internet discourse. Different approaches to the concept interpretation are being considered. Trolling is defined by the author as a purposeful and motivated communicative behavior, aimed to the media scene destabilization. The comments under one of the French news article demonstrate two basic techniques of trolling: subject-oriented and object-oriented ones. Within the frameworks of object-oriented technology there are the offtoping tactics and elfing being analyzed. The subject-oriented technique is based on the individual discrediting of the person: pointing out and highlighting the incompetence of the interlocutor, the ironic expression of disagreement with his point of view, and elfing. Studying various methods of trolling makes it possible for us to distinguish four types of trolls in Internet comments: a provocateur troll, an offtoper troll, a demagogue troll and an elf troll. All of them have the same single goal to stir up the flame and enjoy the commentator’s feedback. One makes a conclusion about the necessity of a selective approach to reading the comments, with the purpose to avoid trolls, who choose their speech tactics depending on their intentions.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences of work-life balance between women working with flexible working hours and women working with non-flexible working hours. The objects of this research are the working and married women with two different time management groups; the flexible group and the rigid/fixed group. The data collection method applied in this study is the purposive sampling method with the samples consisting of the women working as lecturers, insurance employees, bank employees and civil servants. The data used in this study are the primary data collected from the questionnaires. This study used the independent sample t-test, and the results show that there are differences of work life balance between women working with flexible working hours and women working with inflexible working hours. The dimension that differentiates these two groups is on work interference with personal life (WIPL) dimension in which the women in the flexible group could freely choose and use their time to work so that they can balance their time used for their family and their job.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a more realistic competitive advantage concept in order to investigate the impact of an innovative mindset, behaviour and performance on Halal SME’s competitive advantage in the context of a challenging worldwide Halal’s market. This study uses an constant methodology by outlining, analysing, arranging, and focusing the current state of the literature and proposes a research framework which assist in overcoming the restraints encountered in previous empirical research. The use of an innovative mindset and behaviour enables the researchers to provide a great explanation of a innovative performance and its relationship to competitive advantage. This study seeks to contribute to the practice of competitiveness of Halal SMEs area of research. Specifically, this study emphasises that Halal SMEs owner-managers should have innovative mindsets that can stimulate innovative behaviour and which can be translated into innovation performance and subsequently competitive advantage.

Brand loyalty is one of the main facet to the triumph or downfall for smart phone organization. Consumer behavior have changed over the years due to the technological advancements of smart phone. There is a high competition between the brands of the smart phone manufacturers, so it is necessary to develop customer trust in order to increase brand loyalty. This research is an exploratory study of factors influencing smart phone brand loyalty of Generation Y in Malacca. This research studies the effect of different independent variables (brand image, perceived brand quality, brand experience, customer satisfaction and switching cost) that determines brand loyalty. A survey questionnaire is used as the primary data collection method, using the Likert scale measurement, and the sample size is 250. This study concludes that customer satisfaction and switching cost are significant factors that influence smart phone brand loyalty of Generation Y in Malacca.

The relevance of the research problem is due to the need of optimization of the processes of foreign language training at the higher professional school. In this regard, this article aims to develop theoretical and applied models of foreign language training of future professionals in social and humanitarian fields. The leading approaches to the study of this problem are the communicative, the personal activity and the competency approaches. The main methods of the study were the comparative analysis of Russian and foreign research works, modeling and forecasting of university students’ foreign language training development, and also pedagogical experiment, the study and synthesis of innovative pedagogical experience, which helped to identify features of the content and process of effective foreign language training of students of Social Sciences and Humanities. The article suggests the possibility of modeling the foreign language training of future social and humanitarian field professionals in the conditions of modernization of higher professional education. As a result, the structure of the presented theoretical-applied model includes the motivational-need, the communicative-informative, the operational-procedural, and the result-evaluative components. The modeling process takes into account the main provisions of the foreign language communicative competence and its constituents (sub-components: linguistic, discourse, social, sociolinguistic, socio-cultural, and strategic) and the provisions of the document Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The experimental confirmation of the effectiveness of the model has been presented. The model focuses on foreign language training of students in Social Sciences and Humanities, contributing to their readiness for intercultural communication in domestic and professional sphere. The article may be useful for higher education institutions when developing their own models for improving foreign language training.

The problem under investigation is relevant because in the modern period of globalization and internationalization the need in highly qualified specialists in the field of natural science with good knowledge of English, who can make use of the English scientific literature and perform intercultural and professional communication is great. Knowledge of English is a fundamental characteristic of professionalism, subjectivity of the expert and his desire for professional self-development. The purpose of the article is to reveal the level of motivation of learning English by biology students and identify innovative approaches aimed at increasing efficiency of forming students` motivation. Close inspection of this problem shows that the main directions in achieving the aforesaid purpose are the following: context-based teaching, including both semiotic and training models, and activity-based approach which involves a combination of educational and extracurricular work of students. There is a need to shift the emphasis in the content of the English course, namely, to increase motivation-oriented tasks for students. Selection of the content of education should be based on modern scientific achievements in biology and thus directly motivate the interest of students. It is assumed that more attention should be given to speaking practice and oral speaking on the topics that reflect learners` needs and interests and thus provoke motivation, which is important for successful language learning. The alternation of intensive and extensive reading of scientific texts in biology with regard to learners` level, with plotting their individual route, as well as organizing communication in English inside the educational group, allows to enhance the effectiveness of forming motivation to learning English. The article may be of interest to graduate students, teachers of higher educational institutions, scientific workers dealing with the problems of forming educational motivation of students studying natural sciences at university.

This paper focuses on the making of heritage places through the narration of ethnic’s identity at Melaka World Heritage site (WHS). Ethnic identity plays a vital role in identifying the community’s heritage because people identify themselves to places as it postulates their identity and provoke their sense of belongingness. Due to limited of scientific information in the related field, this study argues the significance in the making of heritage places through the narration based on ethnic’s identity at Melaka WHS. This research was conducted using ethnographic methods, which used a snowball sampling technique. It involves an in-depth interview with 19 communities and participant observations. The audio data from interviews were transcribed into text and analysed using thematic analysis. Based on results, it shows community speaks their rights to be represented within the whole aspects of landscape, culture and history, which embodied in Melaka WHS. It is portrayed in the aspects of their historical records, culture, language, identity and place attachment. It also identifies challenges, which hinder the formation of ethnic’s identity towards the place making such as generation gap, population density and uncontrolled developments. This study contributes to the importance of identity and placing making in cultural heritage management at World Heritage site.

The article presents an analysis of borrowings from Turkic languages in the semantic and functional aspects. The research material is academic dictionaries of the Russian literary language published since the 18th till the 20th c. The choice of the sources is due to the fact that the lexical variety of the language was at a certain stage of its development, reflected in lexicographic sources, and most fully of all – in thesauri, as this type of dictionaries is aimed at comprising, as completely as possible, the commonly used vocabulary of the literary language. Comparing of the lexicographic sources of various periods, the comparative analysis of the Turkic language units reflected in them allows tracing the life of the borrowed word in the language and the stages of its joining the system of the recipient language, and enables to reveal the features of functioning of the Turkic stratum within the Russian lexis. The borrowings are also analyzed from the standpoint of their lexicographic registration. The Turkic language units are viewed in accordance with the parameters, characteristics and zones which are reflected in thesauri. It was found that during their functioning within the Russian language, the Turkic language units enter onto new systemic relations. By the end of the 20th century, the stratum of the borrowings under study is complemented with new meanings. Some Turkic language units, which had not been previously registered in the thesauri of the Russian literary language, gradually join the stratum of commonly used vocabulary and become lexicographically registered. Some Turkisms narrow their meanings. However, most Turkish elements remain semantically unchanged during the studied period.

The present article deals with studies and analyzes the lexical innovations of French origin in the Russian literary language on materials of fiction, opinion journalism, as well as etymological, defining, and foreign dictionaries under well-defined criteria of foreign word extraction. Various investigations dedicated to the study of language contacts offer variety of criteria describing the functioning of foreign vocabulary in the Russian lexical system as the result of interaction of various manifestation of language contacts. The authors discuss peculiarities of semantic adaptation of the Gallicisms in the context of convergent-divergent features of the French prototype’s semantics and correlative borrowing in the Russian language. On a material of works of Russian authors of 19 - early 20 century, dictionaries of foreign words of the Russian language, explanatory and etymological dictionaries of the French language and French written monuments of 17 - 18 centuries the complex component and semantic analysis of lexical structures of French words and Gallicisms has been realized to identify the most productive models of the reception and adaptation of the values of the foreign word in lexical system of the receiving language, as well as the description of the phenomena that occur in the process of language contact and directly or indirectly affect the choice of a particular model.

Focus of the study is to look into two main factors namely perceived value and personal values on consumers’ repurchase intention on eco-friendly home appliances. Perceived values was represented by functional value, social value, financial value, whilst personal values were looking into the consumer’ perceived environmental consciousness and health consciousness. The data was collected among the users of green home appliances such as air-conditioning, refrigerators and lighting of the brands available in Malaysia. In total 193 respondents’ answers were used for further analysis. Data collected was analyse using PLS-SEM 3.0. The result indicated that only functional value, environmental consciousness, and health consciousness were the only constructs that directly influenced the consumer decision to re-purchase the green home appliances with (ß=0.533, p=0.00) (ß=0.325, p=0.00) and (ß=0.143, p<0.05) respectively. It is suggested that the idea of stressing and developing the awareness in taking care of the environment should be instilled from a young age and should start at home. Every household should carry out the activities of recycling and reusing items, as it plays a big role in reducing unwanted wastage that is harmful to the environment. Thus, effective advertising that uses emotional appeal should be implemented in local TV commercials and printed ads to raise the interest towards green home appliances.

The article aims at revealing the peculiarities of using of expressive language means in the scientific and formal functional styles of the English language. Further subdivision of formal style into its legislative, diplomatic and office varieties of language is used for the convenience. The author describes lexical, morphological and syntactical features of the analyzed styles and gives a brief review of expressive lexis. As a result of research the author concludes that both styles are similar in terms of standardized and objective presentation of information but nevertheless, are not devoid of expressiveness at all. The frequency and the way expression is realized are determined by the requirements of these language varieties. The study found out that the most prevalent forms of implementing expressiveness in the formal and scientific styles of the English language are modal words, emphatic constructions, intensifying adjectives and adverbs, rhetorical questions, direct addresses, interjections, parenthetical insertions, repetitions, quantitative expression, author’s emphasizing the importance of information reported, focus on the credibility of material.

The concept of "Performance" becomes a significant concern to academics and practitioners as it plays an important role in creating and maintaining organizational behavior. This study uses descriptive quantitative analysis where the data is analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The sample size is 390 employees. The data are collected by conducting interviews and distributing questionnaires. This study uses reputable reference articles related to performance, empowerment, work environment, talent, and motivation. Several studies have discussed the relationship between performance and empowerment and also outlined the performance dimension, this research is for Aceh government development in the future.

Technology has changed the conventional way of teaching and learning. Teaching with technology can deepen student learning by supporting instructional objectives. However, technology could be a distraction for students if they do not use it wisely. In addition, the emergence of new educational technologies has led to a need change teachers roles. This qualitative research study employed a phenomenological approach to focus on teachers’ views and perspectives on using technology in their teaching and learning. Eight full time elementary and secondary teachers in an international school attend in in-depth, semi-structural interviews. The data were analyzed using phenomenological analysis. Findings were coded into four categories: teacher concerns, teacher’s roles, teachers’ perspective, and implementation. Instructional maintenance, inequalities, filtration of information, teachers’ readiness and need for training have been identified as teacher concerns. Guider, facilitator, assessor and moderator were teachers’ roles in international school. Finally, the reason for implementing technology in schools was beneficial and effectiveness of integrating technology in classroom teaching. The research showed that teachers who are slightly younger often use the technology in teaching and learning more than the older teachers do.

In modern society, within the context of an active emergence and development of all kinds of legal relations both within the state and at the international level, the problem of citizen right, duty and responsibility equality principle implementation in respect of society, state, law and court becomes more important. One of such problems of our society is discrimination. Discrimination implies the infringement or restriction of human rights and freedoms on a certain basis. The most common are racial, gender, national and political sign. It generates complex legal, practical and moral issues relating to the manifestation of social inequality. The rights of all citizens in Russian Federation are guaranteed by the Constitution of Russia, the protection of rights is regulated by the norms of civil, civil procedural, criminal, criminal procedural, administrative, administrative procedural and labor legislation. Russian Federation is a legal and social state in which all forms and manifestations of discrimination are prohibited. In this regard, the rights and the freedoms of a man and a citizen must be fixed and implemented regardless of race, gender, nationality, or religion. One way or another, there are differences, restrictions and preferences on some basis in the conditions of civil society development, the renewal of free, market, competitive Russian economy, the reforming of public and international relation system. The systems of national legislation, under which effective measures of protection against discrimination and international treaties on discrimination take place, consider the issue of discrimination proving as one of the most important.

The article proves the importance of boosting the level of trust in the interaction between small industrial businesses and banks. The problems in the relations between these economic entities in Russia have been identified and the ways of solving them by moving to a partnership-based model of cooperation of banks with small enterprises have been outlined. The defined model of cooperation is based on the adaptive credit and investment consulting (ACIC) method proposed by the authors. This method assumes mutual trust between the economic agents that appears while ensuring complete transparency of information among the participants of credit transaction. It also assumes their interest in long-term and sustainable relations and adaptation of the services provided by the bank to the certain economic condition of a small firm. It is shown that the implementation of ACIC in the practice of bank’s lending to small enterprises will ensure an increase in the level of mutual trust between them and boost their credit and investment activities. The work reviews and classifies methods for quantifying the level of trust between various economic entities; a synthetic index that measures the level of trust between banks and small industrial enterprises is developed; and a methodology for an approximate estimation of the economic effect of the ACIC application is proposed. The results of the study can be adapted for the conditions of other countries with similar problems in the interaction between banks and small firms.

Depicting of life has always been object of art. Though, in a number of literary works historic and political events are represented especially critical and specific. German history of the 20th century as well as world history are full of tragic events that changed fates of the states and millions of people. These events through the prism of fictional conscience were reflected in considerable corpus of literary works of the 20th century. The article focuses on the novel by Alfred Doeblin Hamlet oder Die lange Nacht nimmt ein Ende (Tales of a Long Night) and also presents a brief review of German works created before 1980. These concepts shed light on the place of Doeblin’s novel Hamlet among other literary works which address to the theme of war and motive of Hamletianism as well as the tendency of such literal appeals. Of course, literal works that reflect history are still created and recent researches prove that. The peculiar character of the novels considered in the present article is reception of Hamlet’s image for reflecting and comprehending the historic situation of Germany. The aim of the research is to find out how the history of World War II was reflected in the novel by Doeblin Hamlet. To attain the aim comparative method and method of descriptive text analysis were applied.

In the conditions of instability, globalization and digitalization of the economy, it is necessary to manage effectively the business processes of the organization and the data arriving at the organization or generated by it. With the transition to the new lifecycle phases in organizations, the number of business processes transforming the value chains is growing. Also during the life cycle of the organization, the amount of data is growing at all stages of the value chain. The article considers new competitive advantages that arise as a result of the system transformation of the chains under the influence of the development of the industrial Internet of things, introduction of smart devices that are integrated into larger complex systems. The complex structure of smart devices, presented in the article, creates the basis for the transformation of the whole enterprise, the organizational structure of management, the production system. Traditional approaches to ensuring competitiveness affect local changes in the value chain. Modern trends in ensuring competitiveness require complex scale transformations. The conclusion is that the current economic challenges, including radical technological revolution, new methods of customer relations, new ways of the value chains development, new forms of communication form the new sources of competitiveness of enterprises. Data and analytics become a new source of competitive advantages (Nurgaliyev? et al., 2018).

This research aims to determine the relationship between knowledge about environmental sanitation, healthy life attitude, and income on quality of environmental healthy housing at Muara Angke North Jakarta, Indonesia. The method used was quantitative with a correlation study by applying regression and correlational analysis. Research results showed there was a significant correlation between fisherman knowledge about environmental sanitation, healthy life attitude, and income with fisherman quality of environmental healthy housing (0.01), where the figure was much lower than the level of sig 0.05. These results indicated that knowledge about environmental sanitation, healthy life attitude, and income has significantly contribution on the quality of environmental healthy housing. Therefore, if fisherman quality of environmental housing should be improved, factors such as knowledge about sanitation, healthy life attitude and income could be taken into consideration.

This study focuses on human rights discourse on the 2014 presidential and vice presidential campaign in Koran Sindo and Media Indonesia newspapers. Both media are building discourse because of alignment to certain presidential and vice presidential candidates. Sindo newspaper sided with Prabowo Subianto-Hatta Rajasa couples while Media Indonesia supports Joko Widodo-Jusuf Kalla. Using two research methods, the critical discourse analysis of Norman Fairclough and critical linguistic analysis Roger Fowler and his colleagues, this research finds first that human rights discourse is used as a political tool, either endorsing or hitting certain presidential and vice presidential pairs. The discourse that he built is not to uphold human rights in Indonesia that is essential but for the sake of momentary interest in winning certain candidates in political contestation. This can be seen from the words, sentences, paradigms, and discourse that carried the two newspapers. Second, the alignment of Koran Sindo and Media Indonesia to certain presidential and vice presidential pairs make journalism both problematic. The five pillars of journalism under study are justice, objectivity, independence, impartiality / neutrality, and cover of both sides to collapse and loss of vital elbow.

The urgent needs for Airlines around the world, especially low-cost carrier to optimize earnings and reduce their operational costs accentuate the use of self-service technologies (SSTs) in their operating system, including their check-in process. The self-check-in system (online, mobile and at kiosk) is mainly offered to reduce costs, speed and enhance the customer’s experience. Using adapted questionnaire from self-service technology quality (SSTQUAL) scale, this research aims to examine the service quality of airline self-check-in system and its impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty in an emerging market for a low-cost carrier, namely Airasia. Data for the study are collected from 123 passengers who have used the Airasia’s self-check-in service and are analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and Smart partial least square (SmartPLS). The result indicates that self-check-in service quality exhibits significant impact on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. It also found that customer satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between perceived service quality and customer loyalty.

The study on informative and aesthetic properties of linguistic units with linguistic and cultural importance is a priority in the modern linguistics. In the present paper, authors paid attention to a lexeme game functioning in an artistic text. The case study was "The Defence" novel by Nabokov. In a complex study on linguistic facts, lexicographic sources were analyzed allowing us to describe the semantic structure of the word game. Word forms of the token game were also considered and involved in the organization of linking means of text. The game in the artistic text was subjected to the study of its figurative-associative potential in analyzing peculiarities of using the lexeme. In the research, it was found that the most common words of text in V.Nabokov’s novel "The Defence" were “play” (16), “player” (16), and “toys” (4). These words, repeating in the text, organize the semantic coherence of text.

The resent study provided results of the experimental work on checking the effectiveness of the model of independent work organization of future economists during the process of mathematical training based on a competence approach. The independent work is considered by the authors as a planned organized educational process, internally motivated and purposefully carried out by students in the classroom and out-of-class time during the implementation of educational, production and research mathematical tasks in conditions of a gradual reduction of direct or indirect methodological assistance of teacher. Results of such process are the consistent acquisition of cognitive, activity and contextual experience of mathematical tools in the future professional activity. The main stages, a problem, a subject, an object, a purpose, tasks, a hypothesis, criteria and indices of efficiency of the experimental work are defined and the analysis of received results is performed.

This article discussed the specifics of the translation of comparative constructions in literature from Tatar into Russian. It also suggested methods for the full-fledged translation of such constructions according to semantics and functional features of conjunctions. Postpositions were the main method to represent comparative constructions in simple and complex sentences in Tatar. Conjunctions, the instrumental case of the noun and other means, could further express the meanings of such postpositions when translated into Russian. The analysis of translation of comparative constructions helped to identify the integral and the differential in the semantics and functioning of the conjunctions, which not only connected the components of the comparative constructions, but also created imagery. Using comparative constructions, writers and translators could refer both to the general concepts inherent in their native culture, and to their personal worldview. This seemed possible only with a preliminary comparative analysis of the semantics and the structure of lexical units. Analyzing the translations of literary texts, some functional and semantic correspondences were revealed: comparative postpositions such as kebek, syman, kuk, etc. and Russian comparative conjunctions such as As if for sure, etc. (Eng. like, as if, kind of); relative pair words in Tatar and correlative pairs in Russian; affixes of adverbs such as -cha/-che, -day/- dey in Tatar and the instrumental case of the noun in Russian.

Every enterprise in modern society has generation of profit as its goal, and its performance can be determined by how effectively and efficiently its current assets are used. The purpose of this study is to identify and systematize modern approaches to financial management of enterprises. The relevance of this work is conditioned by the fact that in the conditions of market relations the approaches to working capital management of an enterprise have changed significantly. The methodological basis of the study is the achievements of economic theory, theory of finance, financial management, financial policy, and economic analysis, accounting and reporting. This research is based on such a methodology as scientific cognition, and also systemic and dialectical approaches. The problem on financial management of enterprises is always associated with a number of conditions or factors that affect the operation of a company. In this regard, the authors consider the research in the field of approaches to managing current assets in modern conditions, which is the most relevant in the current period. At the present stage, in order to ensure the long-term productive and effective financial activity of a company, a company’s working capital management policy is necessary, which would consist in determining the volume and structure of the current assets of the organization, as well as the sources of their coverage and the relationship between them. In this study, the general trends are defined in that the management of enterprise’s finances is reduced to the implementation of general management functions. This expresses a functional approach to the management of a company and implies the continuity and cyclicity of managerial work. Practical results of the work define that an enterprise cannot achieve the maximum effect by managing only accounts receivable, stocks or cash. Only after a comprehensive analysis reviewing each of the components of working capital in the enterprise, the best results of management could be achieved, because they are all interconnected. In this study, we examined the main approaches to the management of working capital of an enterprise; that has revealed that in market conditions an approach is needed on the application of two types of working capital management. This allows financial managers of modern enterprises to implement more informed management decisions (Forfaiting, Just-in-Time Approach, Re-Order Level System), i.e. the choice of one type is not always the right solution in working capital management at an enterprise.

The paper shows the relevance of studying the factors taken into account when choosing automation tools and information systems by enterprises of different activities in different regions of Russia. The growing pace of technological change requires a balanced development of information technology in different regions in order to maintain the flexibility of the entire system and ensure the economic security of the country. The choice of information systems in the public and private sectors of the economy is different. The presence of significant geographical disproportions in the distribution of costs for information technology in the regions of Russia is revealed. Classification of the factors influencing the decision-making on the choice of information systems is carried out. The necessary conditions for the creation and successful development of information technology centers have been identified; those conditions include the availability of free resources for electricity generation, a developed research and educational center and the human resources potential of the territory in the field of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies). Partially identified imbalances are associated with the multistructural nature of the Russian economy and with territorial expanse; they are objective in nature and are subject to adjustment. The expediency of creation of interregional system involving cooperation ties with the purpose to develop information technology centers in different regions of Russia is shown.

Statistics attested that Malaysia is ranked the 1st as the hub for Islamic tourism among the organization of Islamic cooperation members’ state. Despite these achievements, literature indicated some conspicuous challenges affecting Islamic tourism policies in the country. This study uses secondary data to examine the barriers militating against Islamic tourism and put forward some prospects; policy recommendations respectively. Findings from our review reveals that the country had executed 10 different master plan, but poor policy guidelines, paucity of researches and market difficulty were some of the challenges affecting the sector, while other predicaments to Islamic tourism in the areas of Shariah compliant hotels, promotion of halal products, were underutilized. Two propositions were established to accelerate in identification of the challenges and prospects for Islamic tourism in the study area. We have suggested for policy guidelines, the revitalization of the image of Islamic tourism, provision of modern infrastructure, and utilization of the natural, historic and other Islamic center to attract visitors from all parts of the world. Islamic tourism required diversity in the market, especially through specific needs, beliefs, tastes, expectation and global competitiveness.

The most visible and neglected heritages nowadays are heritage buildings which are widely available throughout the country. As the number of heritage building have been decreasing day by day, peoples’ consciousness has begun to arise. Many heritage buildings have been conserved for various purposes. In general, with their attractive features, most conserved heritage buildings will be adaptive reused as museums, offices, restaurants, residences, business premises and other public use thus becoming one the focal of tourists’ attractions. However, the approach in adapting and conserving heritage buildings in Malaysia are not practiced with the right concepts and methods. This research is conducted to assess the adaptive reuse works that have been implemented on the heritage buildings as hotels specifically in Melaka and George Town UNESCO World Heritage Cities. The hotels which are adapted from heritage buildings have been specifically identified and questionnaires surveys have been performed to the respective owners or managers in order to obtain their responses thus arriving to a more accurate research result. Several findings have been obtained which will help in promoting adaptive reuse works in the future.

Pastoral communities are the most marginalized segments of the world’s population. Their access to financial services is very limited. Properly designed financial service can play significant role in the development, risk management and mitigation strategies of the pastoral communities. Against this background, the current study examines the relationship between microsavings and social capital vis-à-vis the contribution of Pastoral Saving and Credit Cooperatives (PASACCOs). The study highlights the prominent role of social capital in securing loan for pastoralists by serving as collateral. It also shows a strong positive relationship between social capital and microsaving practices (P>0.05). Hence, any developmental intervention on the financial inclusion of Afar pastoral communities should pay attention to the indispensable role of social capital.

This study was conducted to identify the relationships between Total Quality Management (TQM) practices as well as their effects towards employees’ job satisfaction at Majlis Bandaraya Melaka Bersejarah (MBMB). The objective is to have a better understanding on one of the approaches as in TQM practices in preparing the organization which is to deal with environmental changes. This study involved 261 respondents from lower and middle level management employees. This study found that training and teamwork dimension had significant, strong and positive relationships with job satisfaction, while top management commitment and customer focus dimensions were recognized to have significant, moderate and positive relationship with job satisfaction. On top of that, it was discovered that training and teamwork dimension of TQM practices had the greatest influence towards employees’ job satisfaction. Top management commitment was the second influential factor of TQM practices towards employees’ job satisfaction. However, customer focus was not found to have any significant influence towards MBMB employees’ job satisfaction.

System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is an innovative approach to increase rice production. This study examines the perceived importance and performance of six system of rice intensification (SRI) attributes by adopters and dis-adopters in Indonesia. The six attributes identified were ‘profit’, ‘risk’ ‘effort’, ‘compatibility’, ‘assurance’, and ‘simplicity’. The importance-performance analysis revealed that ‘profit’ was the primary attribute. It was followed by ‘risk’ and ‘effort’. However, their below average performance caused them to fall into the ‘concentrate here’ quadrant. These major weaknesses require immediate attention for an improvement in the uptake of SRI to occur. Given that local rice systems are competitive, SRI is more likely to be adopted and continued in use when it clearly demonstrates a degree of profitability that sufficiently outweighs its costs, associated risks and efforts, and opportunity costs. Market-based (i.e. access to high value market/returns) solutions are more sustainable (than government incentives) and therefore recommended. This study has made an important contribution to previous understanding of innovation diffusion by demonstrating the importance and performance of SRI attributes as perceived by Indonesian adopters and dis-adopters.

The urgent need to master a foreign language is caused by reality of modern world order. The modern technique of training a foreign language faces a set of the tasks and problems, which have arisen because of increasing interest in learning of a foreign language. The purpose of foreign language training at the present stage is not the system of language, but foreign-language speech activity, not only itself, but as means of cross-cultural interaction. The concept of modernization of Russian education in higher school provides changes in training structure, contents and the educational process training, considering students’ interests, tendencies and abilities, creation of conditions for their training according to their professional interests.

Attracting investment into the economy of the region remains one of the most pressing tasks in economic policy. Activities that are aimed at improving the investment attractiveness of the region create the conditions for capital inflows and economic growth in the region, but it is important to develop an effective investment policy to realize the improvement of investment attractiveness. The development of an effective investment policy is impossible without identifying the most attractive for invested types of economic activity (hereinafter, referred to as TEA). There is no doubt that when choosing a foreign economic activity for investment, the greatest preference is given to competitive sectors of the economy with minimal riskiness. The paper studies the types of economic activity at the sectoral and regional levels in order to form the sectoral priorities of economic development as strategic guidelines for sustainable economic growth and investment attractiveness of the territories. The article exposes the approach proposed by the authors to the definition of foreign economic activity being attractive for investment of TEA in the economy of the Republic of Tatarstan (hereinafter – RT) in terms of growth in the shipping volume (hereinafter – SV), in terms of localization on fixed capital investments. To identify the above TEA, mathematical, statistical and graphical tools are used. A structural and dynamic comparative analysis of the shipping volume of products of 14 types of economic activities of the Republic of Tatarstan has been carried out, localization coefficients have been calculated, and the amount of investment received by each foreign economic activity has been analyzed.

The expression of an emotional state is a main feature that distinguishes fiction from other literary trends. The problem of emotivity is now among the most discussed issues in anthropocentric linguistics, but despite the researchers’ great attention, many of its aspects are still debatable. In the present research, features of the language transfer of emotions are investigated in the translation of fiction from English into Russian. The novel «Howl’s moving castle» by Diana Wynne Jones (1986) was selected as a material for monitoring the process of translating emotive vocabulary. Authors sought to classify the emotive vocabulary in an artistic work, and also consider and analyze the translation of this lexicon into Russian that was translated by Jones (2013). The following methods were used to solve tasks: A comparative analysis of the translation with original text, and transformational, quantitative, statistical analysis. The theoretical basis of research included classifications of emotive vocabulary that was proposed by Shakhovski (2008), and the classification of emotions by Izard (2007), as well as the classification of translational transformations by Barkhudarov (1975) and Komissarov (1990). The theoretical significance of research lies in the fact that the text emotivity phenomenon is considered according to the comparative linguistics, in general, and the theory of translation in particular. The equivalence of concepts of equivalence and adequacy of translation is justified and clearly demonstrated. The practical value of study is determined by the possibility of applying its results in the artistic translation, in teaching the methodology of translation, in development of didactic manuals on the theory and practice of translation, in the teaching English at senior courses of universities on practical lessons and seminars in special courses.

In any language, Phraseological units are characterized as stable reproducible units. Reproducibility is the ability to be a permanent, fixed linguistic unit that can be retrieved from the language fund as an item ready to use. Reproducibility is closely related to the stable cognitive image of fixed linguistic units. This feature of phraseological and paremiological units (P&PUs) makes them precedential texts and thus well-known for all language speakers. Considering the role of these linguistic units in mastering a foreign language, in our classes of English as a second language (ESL) we expose our students not only to P&PUs, but also to the most common models of their occasional or contextual use. In the present paper, we dealt with English P&PUs with ornithonym component. Applying Ngram model and its possibilities, we sought to detect variants of models of contextual use of analyzed P&PUs and possibilities of Ngram for a researcher.

This article provided an analysis of statistical data on the dynamics and the changes in the structure of unemployment in the three Russian federal districts (Central, Volga, and North-Caucasian FD) from 2000 to 2016. The analysis also made it possible to distinguish the following features: 1. The differentiation of the ratio, but the similarity of the dynamics of urban/rural unemployment across all districts; 2. The absence of gender discrimination, moreover, during the crisis, women and men were evenly displaced from the labour market. 3. A slight difference in the average age of the unemployed in the districts (35-36 years - Central, Volga, 33-34 years - North Caucasus) and the general trend of its increase. 4. The largest group in the structure of the unemployed in all districts formed by individuals with a secondary general education. However, in the Central Federal District, there was a tendency for a gradual increase in the proportion of unemployed people with higher education. 5. The presence of a gap, with a tendency to its gradual reduction in all districts, between the levels of registered unemployment and calculated ones according to the methodology of the International Labour Organization. Thus, the structure of Russian unemployment changes in accordance with world trends was described while the trend to reduce unemployment was contrary to them.

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is viewed as an important aspect of student academic performance and achievement. Over the past decades, the concept of SRL has been heavily researched, with many educational psychologists proposing theoretical models and setting up studies to test the theories and provide pragmatic information about SRL. The aim of this review was to analyze different models of SRL. To achieve this goal, three models of SRL developed by Zimmerman, Pintrich and Efklides were presented. All of the models had empirical evidence supporting the validity of some of their main aspects. As developing their models, both Pintrich and Zimmerman, and partly Efklides; drew on the same background theory and their models reflected Bandura’s 1986 Social Cognitive Theory, underlining social foundations of thinking and behavior. The terminology also varied from one model to another, but all the authors assumed SRL to proceed from a preparatory or preliminary phase, through actual performance or task completion phase, to an appraisal or adaptation one.

Rapid changes associated with new technological revolution and globalization, which are based on digitalization to a great deal, are changing the competences that business is looking for when searching for new employees and leaders. Their development urges constant changes in general and business education. The previous model of “industrial education” with its standards, practices, approaches, formats, skills, and competences will not fit the new reality. More than half of the present jobs will not exist over the next 10-15 years, the face of industry will be different, and the paradigm of management is changing. There is a lot of evidence that business community is searching for new and different approaches to solve contemporary problems and to deal with these new challenges. For educational institutions, it is also important to adapt their study programs to the changing needs of the labor market and to restructure their curricula to ensure that graduates are able and willing to use the knowledge gained in the practice. This article addressed several challenges facing business educators - own knowledge, experience and competences of educators, the essence and the ways of teaching, and future demands of business community. The answers to these challenges will allow them to teach competitive and demanded graduates and thus increase their own competitiveness.

The article deals with the problem of professional socialization of future economists, affirms the need for professional socialization of students in the learning process on the basis of the analysis of scientific and methodical literature, defines the term “professional socialization”, provides a schematic representation of the structure of professional socialization, presents the conditions of successful professional socialization, analyses the specifics of professional activities of economists. Author defines “Foreign language” as a discipline having great potential for forming professional socialization. The aim of the research: the main aim of this article is to review various ideas of professional scientists on the theory and practice of professional socialization, to clarify the notion of professional socialization. Research methods: the main research method used while working on the article is literature analysis for critical consideration of different scholars ideas on professional socialization and educational environments; also comparative method, content abstraction and generalisation are applied for concretising the notion of the term "professional socialization". Results: the notion of professional socialization and its structural concepts are concretised, grounded and described.

The catering sector plays a prominent and important role in the economy of developed countries, the formation of employment, the development of small and medium-sized businesses, and the development of related industries. In this regard, an inefficient infrastructure ensuring the development of the catering system generates a number of risks associated with an insufficient level of demand supply and, ultimately, the loss of competitive positions of countries and regions at the international “platform” of the tourist industry. The current trends and catering sector development parameters in RF regions are characterized by the decrease of the tourism sector share in the turnover generation of provided goods and services, and the level of the catering infrastructure development that does not correspond to the trends of the dynamically developing tourist market, and European development parameters, weak investment activity, etc. These factors determine the need to develop the strategic models of the catering system development in RF regions, adapted to the current and future trends of the tourist industry development, as well as taking into account the changing macroeconomic trends of the national economy, which are formed under the influence of conjuncture internal and external factors and affecting the population consumer activity in the catering industry.

There are different opinions about the presence or absence of banking crisis in Russia. The author analyzes a number of factors. Among the macroeconomic factors considered are the dynamics of real incomes of the population, unemployment rate, inflation, the index of public confidence in credit institutions. From the indicators characterizing stability of banking system assets, the capital, standards of sufficiency of own means, financial result, return on assets, return on capital, level of overdue debt on the issued credits are analyzed. The period for the research is 2007-2017. Based on the research, the conclusion is that the most difficult for Russian banks are 2008-2009 and 2014-2015. The subsequent period of 2016-2017 is relatively stable for the national banking system of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the author draws attention to the fact that the danger of crisis phenomena persists. The current situation can be defined as a "lack of sustainable development" or a" period of stagnation".

Close connection of cluster processes with increasing competitiveness of territories and states has been recently reinforcing the idea of promoting a special approach in modern theory and practice, called cluster policy, that influences the formation and development of clusters. Regional production clusters are built on the basis of the assets and resource base of the territory and include organizations and enterprises of various sectors of economy. The development of territorial clusters can play an important role in solving the problem of attracting investments to regions, since exactly clusters are able to generate innovative mechanisms of management. Cooperation and specialization of entities included in cluster provides them with opportunities to increase both competitiveness and efficiency of their activities and financial stability. Generally, regional cluster policy implies a set of direct, but mostly indirect, activities aimed at reducing barriers to the exchange of knowledge and ideas, as barriers prevent the establishment of effective links between various participants in the clustering process. The article describes the features and conditions of successful implementation of the cluster approach as a factor in increasing investment attractiveness at the regional level. Moreover, the perfect case in point is the experience of implementation of cluster initiatives in the Republic of Tatarstan.

The study provides a method using econometric analysis to create corporate organizational knowledge in order to enhance innovation and competitiveness of the corporation. Improving the efficiency of industrial business processes involves analyzing cost information using specialized statistical and econometric software. Gretl package fully solves the problem of determining the relationship between performance, cost center classification, forecasting and simulating the consequences of the decisions taken, highlighting the segments and building predictive profiles of each costs segment. The authors demonstrate capabilities of panel data to prove the necessity of modern analysis methods in the management of business processes. To this end, the paper suggests the methodical approach to measuring drivers of resource productivity on the basis of panel data models, taking into account the individual differences between the economic units by the example of oil production. Measuring and identifying the drivers of business processes efficiency on the basis of panel data models can be one of the possible areas of management cognitive supporting. The results obtained with the use of Gretl software of empirical assessment confirmed their feasibility in the management of business processes in oil and gas production.

This article examined the roles of onomatopoeic and predicative words in the formation of a concretizing relations in the Tatar literary language. For many years, language onomatopoeic and predicative words in Tatar language had been studied as a part of the modal speech. Since the end of the 20th century, onomatopoeic words have been included into the list of notional parts of speech. Predicative words also stand between the notional and service parts of speech, that is, as a separate unit. In syntactic terms, both of these can be attributed to notional parts of speech, as they form word combinations. In this scientific work, the authors were first to study the concretizing relations between onomatopoeic words, verbs, and nouns and also between predicative words and nouns, pronouns, and verbs. The article also shed light on semantic nuances and means of communication.A concretizing link refers to an expression of a concretizing relation between words using special means of communication. The category of concretizing relations includes a rather wide range of semantic nuances between notions; therefore, the means of their expression are very diverse. The scientific novelty of this article was determined by the functional-semantic analysis of the concretizing relationship, wherein onomatopoeic and predicative words were either dependent or dominant components.The research method was determined by the goals and objectives of the work, as well as by the specificity of the material being studied. The main research method was descriptive-analytical, with its main components: observation, generalization, and interpretation. Comparative-historical method was also used for the purpose of comprehensive analysis of linguistic features of speech, allowing determining certain tendencies in the development of grammatical system of national literary language. The study also involved comparative-typological and statistical methods.

The dictionary complex of Venevitinov’s poetry language created at Kazan Federal University provides valuable materials for studying the features of his language and it is currently being prepared for publication. The dictionary complex includes quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the poet’s lexicon. This article presented the results of the study of Dmitriy Venevitinov’s poetic language obtained in the process of creating this dictionary complex. The article considered individual-author words, obsolete words, and other units referring to the vocabulary of limited use. The dictionary also provided a wide range of opportunities for a multilateral description of the texts. With the help of the frequency dictionary and concordance, the authors determined the main motives of Venevitinov’s poetry (according to Gasparov’s approach) and thereby proved the poet’s involvement in romantic individualism. The results of the study further showed the significant information potential of language reference books as well as prospects and effectiveness of their use for the description of text materials.

Work performances are an essential key indicator for various organizations, especially in the library. Work performance guide libraries to develop business strategy, and achieved mission and vision of the libraries. Unfortunately, a study in work design concepts in librarianship literature is very limited. In contrast to others, profession work designs are always a key indicator to measure work performance. Therefore this fissure opens a new perspective on work performance study in library fields. Accordingly, this study proposed a new dimension in measuring work performance. Hence, the objective of this study is 1) to identify the conceptual frameworks of work performance and work design, 2) integrating these to propose a heuristic conceptual framework. A systematic review was conducted in social science, psychology, library and management databases. The generic framework was identified and the dominant dimension was listed in the systematic table. The underpinning generic framework, model, and theories were identified. The frequently used to describe work design, competencies and work performance were integrate. Based on the systematic review of the previous study, a heuristic conceptual framework of work performance, competencies, and work design were proposed. The proposed framework can serve as a fundamental conceptual framework for future study on work performance in library fields.

The urgency of the problem under investigation is caused by the increasing popularity of machine translation for the solution of various kinds of communicative tasks. The purpose of the article is to compare statistical and neural machine translation systems. The leading approach to the study of this problem was the linguo-stylistic analysis of linguistic material using software from Microsoft Translator. The main results of the article consist in a comparative analysis of the translation of simple and complex texts through statistical and neural machine translation systems, which led to the conclusion that the greatest number of errors is associated with the translation of semantic constructions. Materials of the article can be useful to the experts working in the field of machine translation, to students and all who are connected with computer linguistics.

The purpose of this research was to segment customers of e-commerce platform based on their preference on Customer Relationship Management (CRM) programs and socio-demographic. The study surveyed 100 respondents who have bought products from e-commerce platform. The research employed cluster analysis to group customers of e-commerce platform with similar characteristics and preferences. Using CRM programs as measurement variables, the results suggested three groups of customers, they are, Lifestyle driven segment, Selective driven segment and Penny-wise driven segment. The results also showed Lifestyle driven segment as the most dominant type of customers who strongly driven by lifestyle trend and dominated by millennial. Understanding the differences between these three group segments should provide company with important information to successfully create a proper CRM programs for each segment. Therefore, effective Customer Relationship Management (CRM) programs can help a company to retain customers. The recommendation to improve CRM program effectiveness based on each cluster preferences are provided in the paper.

An increasing of regional data availability has revived of scholars’ interest in regional economic growth and disparities. The main reason for this revival came from attempts to improve the predictive ability of neoclassical model of growth. The objectives of this paper are to examine per capita gross regional product growth disparities, to check the existence of sigma and beta convergence across Indonesian provinces and to identify the underlying factors that affect per capita gross regional product growth. This is a quantitative study, and by making use of Coefficient of Variation and the Neoclassical Growth Model we found that The per capita gross regional product growth disparities tend to increase in the period of study, however, the existence of conditional beta convergence also implies. The underlying factors that are identified affect real per capita GRP growth are export, Foreign Direct Investment, Inflation and government expenditure.

This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the concepts ???????????/travel in Russian and English linguistic cultures. The concepts of study are the relevant direction of modern linguistics which this foreshortening allows considering a word in the context of culture, knowledge and communication. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of the concepts «???????????/travel» in Russian and English languages. Research methods are the contextual analysis methodology, comparative analysis methodology, conceptual analysis methodology. The «???????????/travel» concept is a complex mental education that includes the following components: conceptual - a trip or walking, usually far beyond the permanent residence; scientific; educational; business; religious; sports and other purposes; valuable - understanding the travel needs, a positive assessment of what was seen and experienced in the journey, a negative assessment of difficulties and dangers along the way. The main article materials are newspapers and art discourses; data of continuous sampling from English and Russian explanatory dictionaries, proverbs and sayings; aphorisms; dictionary articles; thesis; abstracts; scientific literature.

This study examines whether the quality of financial statement information affects the financial structure of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Furthermore, it also make the first attempt to test the moderating effect of board size on the relationship between quality of information and leverage decision. Malaysian SMEs are used because there are important differences in the magnitude of disclosure requirements among them. A sample size of 100 SMEs has been considered to do the empirical evaluation. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression was used to analyze the identified firm-specific variables that affect financial structure. In contrast with the traditional view that asymmetric or incomplete information restricts access to external funds, the results indicate that the quality of financial statement information is not significantly related to SME leverage. Board size does not exert any influence on the relationship between quality of information and leverage decision. However, leverage is negatively related to total assets and profitability.

The existence of Muslim-Buddhist conflicts in the Southeast Asian region such as in Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand is based on the perception that Islam is a threat to Buddhism. While in Malaysia, although the relationship between the Muslims and Buddhists remains in harmony, there is a certain perception among Buddhists towards Islam. Hence, this article will discuss the forms of Buddhism’s perception of Islam in Malaysia. The study was qualitative using document analysis. The study found that particular group of Buddhists in Malaysia had a negative perception of Islam, particularly on the implementation of Islamization policy by the government and the Islamic resurgence movement in Malaysia. This perception is based on misunderstanding of Islam which is seen as a threat to the survival of Buddhists in practicing their teachings. The study recommends the empowerment of understanding between the religious adherents through Islamic-Buddhist dialogue at various levels of government and NGOs.

The article demonstrates that intercultural communication is the base of the continuous multicultural education of students. The urgency of this issue is caused by the developing process of interaction and relationships between different countries, peoples and cultures. The leading approach to the study of the problem is the principle of the historical and cultural knowledge unity in pedagogy, cultural and civilizational approaches that allow us to consider the problem from a new angle, to assess the present state of affairs in this field, draw a conclusion and to make proposals. The article reveals the essence of such notions as intercultural communication, multicultural education, multicultural competence and intercultural competence disclosed their role in the formation of personality able to integrate into a modern, multicultural world. The work also covers the process of multicultural education actualization on the basis of the Kazan Federal University. Article results may be useful to enhance the humanistic trends in the practice of high school, contributing to the organization of continuous multi-cultural education on fundamental grounds - tolerance, respect and humanity that make the modern student an equal partner of the interaction with other cultures.

This study responds to the fact that the high number of violence against women (KtP) and the weakness of access to justice of women victims of violence, whereas the Government of Indonesia has issued various laws and regulations to protect women. This shows that the face of women, especially women victims of violence in law and social life in Indonesia is very complex.The main obstacle faced by women victims of domestic violence (KDRT) in Surakarta City in accessing justice is the low awareness and understanding of their legal rights. To assist the constraints faced by women victims of violence in accessing justice, the role of intermediaries in this paralegal becomes very important. Therefore, this study will explore the deepening of the role effectiveness and constraints faced by paralegals in the fulfillment of access to justice for women victims Violence in Surakarta City. The purpose of this study is to orient theoretical development on the study of violence against women and access to justice.This research uses qualitative socio-legal method that is interdisciplinary approach to law; Is an alternative approach to conduct an examination of legal studies that are doctrinal.In particular, there are three reasons why the role of paralegals is crucial in helping women victims of access to justice. First, paralegals play the role of "familiarization" of the legal system for poor and marginalized groups such as women victims of violence. Second, paralegals are more accessible to women’s groups. In addition to being easy to find, legal services by paralegals are cheaper than similar services provided by lawyers or advocates. Third, paralegals influence the power relations and bargaining position of women groups that can be seen from reaction changes and other parties’ responses including responses from government institutions and law enforcement agencies. In general, paralegals apply methods of empowerment, education and legal training and representatives of justice seekers. In addition to seeking justice seekers to obtain justice in a real sense, paralegals also build social movements capable of encouraging the settlement of cases and enforcement of women’s rights.Constraints often faced by paralegals in assisting women victims of access to justice are the absence of formal legitimacy for paralegals in terms of legislation, the lack of funds owned by institutions where paralegals are sheltered and formal education level problems for uneven paralegals.

The article examines the factors that influence the medical support of amateur sports (on the example of mini-football). For the purposes of the study, the results of the questioning of amateur athletes on the factors and their influence on the level of medical support for amateur sports are used. The study is carried out using econometric methods - the method of least squares, tests on the significance of the model parameters and the model as a whole, heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity. According to the results of the study, the authors of the article made an important conclusion about the fundamental factors that should be paid attention when organizing amateur sports events for the development of medical support for amateur sports.

The recent economic crisis has heightened the need for the society in Malaysia to manage their financial decision making. Such implies that the knowledge on financial literacy seems to be paramount to be equipped with the Malaysians so as to navigate the complexities of managing one’s life. Taking the statement into account, the current study attempts to examine the correlations of an independent variable; savings behaviour with that of three dependent variables - behaviour in spending, knowledge of investment and knowledge of insurance among students at tertiary levels. A survey research method is employed to obtain its data among 229 volunteered students studying in various academic institutions. The results of the study reveal that there are medium positive correlations between savings and spending as well as investment, while there is a small positive correlation between savings and insurance. Such results that are obtained prove that there is a need to improve financial literacy among the participants especially in their knowledge of insurance.

The concept of multicultural education is widely applied at educational institutions of the USA. The term of multicultural education refers to the process of education in the process of culturally diverse interaction aimed at establishing favorable relations of mutual exchange and mutual understanding between representatives of different cultures. In most US schools, teachers and administrators were forced to divide racial groups without any guidance in order to establish good ethnic relations and improve the performance of minority and majority students. The purpose of this article is to elicit important concepts and theories that serve as characteristics of segregated schools, and to find out guidance for effective desegregation under different conditions. The article is based on the analysis and interpretation of works on multicultural education written by well-established Russian and international researchers, dedicated to the identification of trends in the development of multicultural education in the United States and worldwide. The authors come to the conclusion that some of the essential aspects of multicultural education is career-long training teachers to work in a multicultural class. The teacher should ensure productive interaction among students of different ethnic and racial identity; understand and value students’ cultural background; use multicultural strategies and training technologies to establish social justice in society.

We analysed the influence of the interactice use of performance measurement systems/(IPMS), organizational commitment/(OC), and effectiveness innovation type/(EIT) on the firm performance. Then, the extent to which that who have organizational commitment and effectveness innovation type as an intervening variables. We study the West Java Local-Owned Enterprise, Indonesian. From 146 distributed questionnaires, we obtain 69 usable data points which we analyse using Path-Analysis. We indicated that IPMS, organizational commitment, effectveness innovation type have positive and significantly effect on firm performance. Other word, we suggested that organizational commitment and effectveness innovation type as an inetrvening variable in the relationsip between IPMS and firm performance. This result implies that managers can open communication linness to subordinate to increase IPMS that lead to the improvement of OC and EIT in order to generate operational effectveness and performance. This research confirms that IPMS and OC should be increase implementation of EIT to encourage the employee’s motivation to creation by day to day in gaining firm strategic competitiveness. This research have confirmatory the importance employed of IPMS, OC, and EIT at middile to lower level employees in the Goverment Local-Owned Enterprise. I thing that less seriously in the decade were field of management accounting/performance measurement systems. We analysed the influence of the interactice use of performance measurement systems/(IPMS), organizational commitment/(OC), and effectiveness innovation type/(EIT) on the firm performance. Then, the extent to which that who have organizational commitment and effectveness innovation type as an intervening variables. We study the West Java Local-Owned Enterprise, Indonesian. From 146 distributed questionnaires, we obtain 69 usable data points which we analyse using Path-Analysis. We indicated that IPMS, organizational commitment, effectveness innovation type have positive and significantly effect on firm performance. Other word, we suggested that organizational commitment and effectveness innovation type as an inetrvening variable in the relationsip between IPMS and firm performance. This result implies that managers can open communication linness to subordinate to increase IPMS that lead to the improvement of OC and EIT in order to generate operational effectveness and performance. This research confirms that IPMS and OC should be increase implementation of EIT to encourage the employee’s motivation to creation by day to day in gaining firm strategic competitiveness. This research have confirmatory the importance employed of IPMS, OC, and EIT at middile to lower level employees in the Goverment Local-Owned Enterprise. I thing that less seriously in the decade were field of management accounting/performance measurement systems.

Several centuries have passed, since the birth of traditional educational paradigm comprised of knowledge, abilities, and skills. The world has also changed, and pedagogical systems have remained mostly the same as those at the beginning of their formation, and have also become inadequate for time challenges. This is manifested in the fact that post-industrial or new information society of the 21st century facing the problem of lack of people, who would be able to work in new conditions right after the graduation. The situation when a specialist with a diploma has a finite amount of knowledge in the absence of ability to use it and replenish, becomes a deterrent to the development of the productive forces of society. This is the reason for the appeal of the European, and consequently, the Russian education to the competency building approach. Traditionally, the goals of education were determined by the set of knowledge, abilities, and skills that a graduate must possess. Today, this approach has been proven inadequate. Society needs graduates ready to run active life and capable of solving vital and professional problems occurring. This mainly depends both on received knowledge, abilities, and skills, and also on some additional qualities implying “competence” and “adequacy” that have more in common with modern education goals. To this end, in the experimental part of the study, a model for the formation of professional competencies of university students during the process of implementation of new educational standards was presented.

This article was devoted to the study of linguistic and methodological features of organization and conducting Tatar language certification: the description of general requirements for mastering basic levels and the structure of testing and assessment materials of Tatar language. The relevance of this topic was explained by the need to generalize pedagogical experience in order to improve the quality of teaching Tatar language and to determine forms and methods of work for the further development of linguistic abilities of students. The article considered Tatar language certification and testing of the level A2 as an effective mechanism for preserving and developing Tatar language on the territory of Russia and abroad; raising the prestige of the national language in the cultural world community; creating conditions for satisfying the language needs of the Tatars; constantly updating learning-teaching base, and taking the rapidly changing language situation into account, on the basis of a common European language standard. Within the framework of this article, it was concluded that Tatar language test could assess skills, which were significant for the future life of students including cognitive skills. The procedures, underlying all stages of the assessment cycle, were also developed in detail. They were practical, and taken together, they could form an integral and logical system of control and assessment.

The gender field in linguistics the subject of which is the language-gender correlation as a social factor studies the concepts such as gender, femininity, masculinity. Gender is expressed in semantics and in grammar of the language, forming a linguistic world image, which, in turn, depends on the conceptual image. The gender view of the world is not biologically determined in different cultures and language communities, the concepts of femininity and masculinity are determined by cultural and historical factors, in particular, by language stereotypes. Gender metaphor also influences the formation of conceptual and linguistic view of the world. The gender metaphor is understood as the transfer not only of physical features but also of the totality of spiritual qualities and properties united by the nominations of femininity and masculinity to the objects that are not related to gender. In different language communities the referents of femininity and masculinity often do not coincide, which creates difficulties in intercultural communication and translation. Phraseological unit is a peculiar unit of language, complex and contradictory as language and culture. Phraseological units (PhU), like a sponge, absorb all the original in language. It is in them, where, alongside vocabulary and aphorism, the cumulative function of language is manifested first.

The article is devoted to the linguistic singularity of the novel the Sense of an Ending by Julian Barnes. It deals with some linguistic means, which allow us to characterize this novel as a bright example of postmodernism. This approach contains the idea about the impossibility of new style invention and the necessity of different styles combination. The novel is full of different jargon words (hook up, pick-up line, and pick up girls), idioms (get under skin, put finger on), and even juridical terms (vexatious) which are used all together creating unique style. It is important that in postmodernism literature good or bad words or styles do not exist; they are all equal. Secondly, the idea of game. There are two levels of representing this idea: the mix of styles and the loss of figurativeness by phraseological units. The first level has already been mentioned and the second one can be explained as exemplified by idiom get under skin that is used in its direct meaning while describing the way of roasting a chicken. Moreover, the novel is full of references to other stories and poems and in this case, we can speak about rewriting as a common method of postmodernism. Postmodern writers create new work through the stealing of images and texts from an earlier period and appropriated in a present context, say scientists.

This article was dedicated to the study of concepts of “fear” and “flutter” in ethical-philosophy and ethnic-linguistic exposure. Here, traced stages of “fear” development and important shifts in semantic content of this concept related to the impact of Christian worldview are noted. The highest manifestation of fear - “fear of God” - emerges namely due to expansion of orthodox Christianity; this, in its term, leads to its special form - flutter. These concepts have different semantics in routine and philosophic discourses. Use of cognitive interpretation method, accounting of language semantics and national concept-sphere interaction also allowed the transition from contents of meaning to contents of concepts in the course of study. Studying methods for representation of “fear” and “flutter” concepts in contexts of works of known Russian Philosophers - Berdyayev, Solovyov, and Shestov - gives an opportunity to most complete characterization of their conceptual essence. In this article, different forms of fear manifestation were detected and described via complying to standard (pathological fear, anxiety), duration (scare, phobia, cowardice), and degree of intensity (panic, horror). The fact that in Russian consciousness, fear is clearly delineated in routine and religious senses was related to main conclusions. Fear was also associated with the present and it performed adaptive and social functions. Within philosophic understanding, Flutter was a derivative of fear, but it was more related to the future, since it was directed at achievement of piety and inspiration. The result so f this work could make contribution to the elaboration of the issues of ethnic-linguistic, linguoculturological, and cognitive science.

Today the convergence processes determine the most promising areas of modern science. This methodological setting in the field of journalism is implemented in a variety of multimedia forms, which has led to the creation of the fundamentally new information and communication environment and the emergence of a variety of multimedia projects. The question about the criteria and methods for creating a high-quality multimedia product remains open. The multimedia method of perception and presentation of materials require special philological preparation and mastering of the interdisciplinary technique of interpretation of the source materials, which would help to create its qualitative multimedia variation. To transfer the literary discourse into a multimedia projection, it is necessary to identify its semantic channels, contexts that can be implemented in the cross-media content using various technical means. In this regard, it is important to substantiate the basic principles of the contextual method of interpreting literary discourse. It is also proposed to highlight contexts that are present in the discourse and are actualized by the perceiving recipient including historical, biographical, literary, linguistic, philosophical, mythological, literary critical, as well as those of various types of art - painting, music, etc., and the scientific context. The structure-forming principle that allows comprehending these contexts as an integral system is the process of dialogic interaction of their intra- and extra-textual existence. The nature of the functioning of this context system is based on the implementation of the following factors: 1) the degree to which authorial/reader determinism manifests itself in the process of implementation of a specific context; 2) the degree of awareness/unconsciousness of the context embodiment in the work; 3) the degree of relative stiffness/probability of the context functioning; and 4) the degree of certainty/uncertainty of the implementation of the external context in the literary discourse. Considering an example of the story by Sholokhov, “The Fate of Man”, it is considered as the development of the context system in the form of a substantive basis for the further transfer of this text into a multimedia projection. It is revealed that the literary discourse is born at the junction of information and communication approaches to the text. The disclosure of the multimedia nature of literary discourse helps to restore the very process of its functioning and its dialogical nature. The contextual methodology for the interpretation of literary discourse also allows determining the dialogue channels - the context system that are the basis for the creation of high-quality multimedia content in the future. Since the multimedia method of material perception and presentation requires special preparation, it is advisable to develop the skills of multimedia thinking using the example of classical literature, based on the principles of contextual methodology. A philological literacy can also play an important role in the process of training future journalists.

The present article deals with studies and analyzes the lexical innovations of French origin in the Russian literary language on materials of fiction, opinion journalism, as well as etymological, defining, and foreign dictionaries under well-defined criteria of foreign word extraction. Various investigations dedicated to the study of language contacts offer variety of criteria describing the functioning of foreign vocabulary in the Russian lexical system as the result of interaction of various manifestation of language contacts. On the basis of analysis of two languages phonological systems and different approaches to the assimilation typologies, considering also numerous general and specific characteristics of lexical neologisms assimilation in Russian (graphic and phonetic), authors offer a clear and complete image of current trends the reception and phonological adaptation of foreign language vocabulary of French origin in the Russian literary language, describing its basic laws and models as well as the types of possible deviations.

The proposed article studies the insufficiently studied problem of dualism during the development and the regulation of criminal legal means application to the persons who committed crimes. The authors identify two levels of legal consequences caused by the commission of crimes: 1) the system of punishments and 2) the system (or set of) other (in addition to punishment) criminal law measures. They, as a historical trend (which is observed at the present time), recognize the increasing saturation of criminal legislation with non-punitive measures. In their opinion, in terms of successful solution of the criminal legislation tasks, it is necessary to combine the application of punishments and other measures of a criminal-legal nature, that is, proper corrective and preventive measures, to the perpetrators of crimes. The article reveals a different approach to the regulation of the system of penalties; if, for example, in Russia and a number of other states of the near abroad, 13-17 types of punishments are envisaged, then only 3 "ordinary" punishments are provided in the Criminal Code of Poland. This diversity is even more evident in the regulation of other criminal law measures. The authors assess the dualistic system of measures in criminal law positively and believe that it should be improved in terms of their humanization and differentiation, depending on the severity of committed crimes, the identity of perpetrators and other significant criteria.

The objective of this research was to find out whether knowledge about waste management and gender on environmental sanitation behavior. The method used in this study was an Ex Post Facto research with 2 x 2 factorial design with a random sample technique of 60 citizens at Muara Angke, North Jakarta, Indonesia. Data were analyzed by applying two way ANOVA and Tukey test. The research results were: 1) there was significant differences on environmental sanitation behavior between knowledge about waste management who were the high and those who were the low; 2) there was significant differences on environmental sanitation behavior between those who have an male and an female; 3) for female, environmental sanitation behavior were more positive with the high knowledge about waste management compared to the low knowledge about waste management; 4) for male environmental sanitation behavior were more positive with low knowledge about waste management compared to the high knowledge about waste management; 5) there was significant interaction effect between knowledge about waste management and gender on environmental sanitation behavior. To improve the environmental sanitation behavior, there was a need to consider the knowledge about waste management and gender factors.

Sports infrastructure in Tatarstan received a boost to improvement during the preparation of the capital of the region for the XXVII World Summer Universiade. Participation in such international sports events forms a certain experience and base, named as a heritage, raises the quality of life of the population, stimulates a healthy lifestyle. In order to improve the efficiency of the use of sports infrastructure facilities, an analysis of the actual capacity of the municipal sports facilities was conducted. A program is presented to improve the efficiency of the use of sports infrastructure facilities of the city of Kazan. The scope of the program includes measures to improve the regulatory framework, the need to develop a range of standards in the formation of a guaranteed social service package, including physical education and sports, etc.

The future of the economic analysis theory is largely determined by the developments of previous generations of researchers whose history dates back to the ancient centuries and is represented in the teachings of the thinkers from the Ancient East (Confucius), Ancient Greece (Xenophon, Plato, Aristotle), Ancient Rome (Varro, Seneca). The study of economic analysis in Russia as a special branch of scientific knowledge began only in the middle of the 19th century. Practitioners have developed theoretical bases for two historical stages, and also introduced methods and methodics of economic analysis. The third historical stage is characterized by rapid development of science based on the generalization of foreign and domestic experience. Under current conditions, economic analysis acts as a mechanism for studying economic phenomena that are in dynamics and interrelations between the conditions and factors of the business environment. The development of the economic analysis methodology was determined by a change in the paradigms of the organization of the economy and, as a consequence, institutions of management. Innovations in the field of management, production, financial and investment activities were a prerequisite and reason why reliable and complete information on the activities of economic entities was required to make management decisions and identify improvement reserves. As a result of the emergence of a new approach to the organization of economic analysis, certain methods for their implementation were proposed.

The paper proposes the language for system model description in the form of a hierarchy of so-called control units (CUs). Each CU is characterized by a set of state parameters Q combining a set of X inputs and a set of internal parameters P; a set of secondary control units B1, ..., Bn; the control function F(i, X(t), Q(t-1)), which, by the number of the secondary unit i, the input parameters of the unit at time t and the state parameters at time t-1, determines the values of the input parameters of the secondary block Bi in moment of time t; the recalculation function of H(X(t), Q(t-1), Q1(t),..., Qn(t)), which determines P(t) values of the unit internal parameters according to the state parameter values of the secondary units at the moment of time t. An important advantage of this method of the model description for a particular system S is the possibility to construct the Boolean function FRI(QI(t-1), QI(t)) in the form of a BDD within a limited time, true t., etc. when QI(t) are the values of the unit I state parameters for the model of the system S at time t, and QI(t-1) are the values of the state parameters of the unit I at time t-1. The control functions in various CU from the model of the system S are, as a rule, nondeterministic. The task consists in finding the variants of their calculation at each moment of time t so that the state parameters of certain model CU satisfy certain requirements. If these requirements are written in the form of Boolean formulas or CTL logic formulas, the problem of finding the stable operation paths of the system S is reduced to the search for all executing sets of some Boolean function given in the form of BDD. This provides an effective solution to the problem of finding the trajectories of system S stable functioning. The obtained results were used in the development of complex socio-economic system models and "correct" programs for their development.

Since 2013, insurance of liability of carriers to passengers in Russia is carried out without fail, what guarantees compensation for harm caused to passengers. The legislative base allows compensation for harm to the victims to guarantee, and also transfers issues of risk reduction from the passengers themselves (as it was earlier) to those who provide transportation services. The mechanism of insurance protection of interests of persons transported by intraurban and intercity transportation is studied in the paper. It was determined by the authors that this mechanism allows, in addition to compensation for damage, to increase the investment attractiveness of the transport sector. The statistical aspects of this type of insurance are investigated. Risky circumstances which cause growing unprofitability of compulsory insurance of carriers’ liability to passengers have been identified. As such, the indicators of crush rate on the roads of Russia, the condition of the fleet, the qualifications of drivers and other factors have been studied. A decrease in the share of insured objects, despite the increase in the number of license holders for passenger transportation, was noted. The largest number of accidents falls on bus transport. The problematic aspects that reduce the effectiveness of the implementation of this mechanism are studied. Measures have been identified that will help to eliminate a number of problems in this type of insurance and increase the degree of protection of passengers.

The interest in studying the language of sports mass media is explained by the extralinguistic factors, such as social demands and high rates of TV sport programs. Linguistic factors are also significant: people involved in sport use special linguistic means in this sphere of communication, which express sports-related realia. Television graphics is viewed by the author as a subgenre of sport media discourse. Language signs used in the television graphics in sports events broadcasting comprise a unique system which is characterised by its own lexical and syntactic organization. The author of the paper is aimed at describing the structural and semantic features of these linguistic signs with a corresponding reference to their functional peculiarities and extralinguistic background. These factors predetermine the use of thematically various lexis, such as proper names, terminology and commonly used words. The compositional and organizational peculiarities of the television graphics result in the use of headlines, prevailing of notional words, abbreviations, limited use of grammatical words and punctuation. The main method used in the research is the descriptive analysis of form and meaning. The research based on this material is of interest for LSP studies, bases of sports journalism, sociolinguistics, and semiotic studies.

One of the endangered local languages in Eastern region of Indonesia is Mongondow Language (Bahasa Mongondow). Despite its usage among local people of Mongondow, this language is in the threat of fading out due to the existence of Manado Malay and national language. Dealing with this challenge, the government launched a curriculum emphasizing upon the inclusion of local contents including language in the learning process. One of which is Mongondow pronoun that is significantly used for plural activities and continuous intensity. Within such context, this research paper aims at revealing the comparison of pronoun of Mongondow language to Indonesian national language in terms of form and function. It also discusses the contribution of the local language to the learning of national language in schools. This research is descriptively qualitative in nature. Data are taken from several regions in Mongondow which are considered being the place for the speakers of the language. The data are comparatively analyzed. The results show that it is true that the pronoun of Mongondow language take several forms, however they have its similarities to that of Indonesian national language in terms of forms, functions and meanings. These similarities define the benefits of using the local language to the learning of the national language in the regions of Mongondow.

Telecommunication sectors are the area where the digital disruption has taken significant influence to the incumbent firms. The market become more competitive and dynamic, hence, it will be required the incumbent firms to transform to have a dynamic capability. In digital era, The development of dynamic capability is driven from the role of digital leader. According to digital disruption view, the activities process derived from the customer and market orientation, and due to the nature of digital become global the alliance capability is important to study. Due to the important role of digital leadership and limitation study on the effect digital leadership in developing dynamic capability, this study will assess the effective path analysis of the role digital leadership in developing dynamic capabilities. Does the digital leadership has direct influence to dynamic capability, or indirect influence through market orientation capabilities or alliance capabilities?. The study was conducted on 88 respondents who are senior level from Indonesia telecommunication companies. The statistical data analysis used Smart-PLS application. The result explained that digital leadership impacts directly and indirectly through mediation variable of market orientation.. While the mediation role of alliance capability has shown not significant influence in relationship between dynamic capability and digital leadership.. This finding has implication on strategic initiative in dealing dynamic capability, where the digital leadership shall focus on market orientation to create the optimal value to face the current and future business challenges.

Accrual accounting is the accounting basis that began to be applied to Indonesian Government Accounting Standards (SAP) in 2015. This study aimed to examine the effect of local government characteristics on the financial performance of local government using the adoption of accrual-based Government Accounting Standard as a mediation variable. The sample is the local government in the Provinces of DIY and Central Java. This research was analyzed by Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that leadership education background, experience using the accrual basis, complexity, and local government’s wealth have a positive effect on the adoption of accrual-based Government Accounting Standard. Furthermore, leadership education background, and experience using accrual basis have a positive effect on the financial performance of local government. In contrary, the adoption of accrual-based Government Accounting Standard and local government’s expense have a negative effect on the financial performance of local government. The adoption of accrual-based Government Accounting Standard mediates the effect of leadership education background, experience using accrual basis, and local government’s wealth on the financial performance of local government.

The significance of big data has benefited various organizations to improve their decision making, services and, productivity, while knowledge grid provides the platform to effectively capture, share, publish and manage knowledge resources to answer the questions from masses of data. However, the user’s role in these process and it influences still unclear. Therefore, this paper aimed to analyses the users impact in knowledge grid components in big data community. In this way, the research narrows the big data community members to data scientists who are able to make the structure for large quantities of formless data. This study flows the user’s roles from the human layer of knowledge grid to the other layers and combined it findings with user’s expectation of suitable model to promote knowledge sharing to clear the community member’s roles from the first step of designing a knowledge grid model till the facilitating knowledge sharing.

The Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit (KVMRT) Project is the most massive infrastructure project in Malaysia’s history. The development of the KVMRT project requires not just local resources but as well as the involvement of foreign expertise. The government in recognising the need to reduce the dependence on foreign expertise in the local rail industry has introduced several measures for technology transfer in the KVMRT Project. The purpose of this paper is to review and identify the critical success factors in the technology transfer program in the KVMRT project. Key personnel directly involved in the planning and implementation of the technology transfer program in the MRT project were interviewed. A qualitative analysis using NVIVO 11 was done based on the findings from the interviews. Nine key success factors have been identified based on the study which are; recipient’s characteristics, provider’s characteristics, communication channel, coordination and monitoring, transfer environment, government’s policy, learning environment, mode of transfer and planning of transfer. Findings show that even though the program is well coordinated, the initial plan is one of the critical factors that need to be improved. Proper measurement also needs to be established to measure the effectiveness of the technology transfer program.

Small and medium-sized enterprises in the modern market economy play the role of one of the main sectors that determine the vector and rates of economic growth of the gross domestic product. All developed countries strongly support the small and medium-sized business sector, since the structure and quality of GDP directly depends on it. This article examines the impact of small and medium-sized businesses on the economy of the Russian Federation and the Slovak Republic. The article compares the analysis and identifies the necessary conditions for starting business in the countries under consideration. The authors provide statistical data on the structure of small and medium-sized businesses identifies problems that slow down the development of small businesses and suggests ways to solve existing problems in this sector of the economy.

Sports infrastructure in Tatarstan received a boost to improvement during the preparation of the capital of the region for the XXVII World Summer Universiade. Participation in such international sports events forms a certain experience and base, named as a heritage, raises the quality of life of the population, stimulates a healthy lifestyle. In order to improve the efficiency of the use of sports infrastructure facilities, an analysis of the actual capacity of the municipal sports facilities was conducted. A program is presented to improve the efficiency of the use of sports infrastructure facilities of the city of Kazan. The scope of the program includes measures to improve the regulatory framework, the need to develop a range of standards in the formation of a guaranteed social service package, including physical education and sports, etc.

This paper describes the current situation with youth unemployment in Russia, put forward assumptions about its causes, including shortcomings in the organization of the educational process. The team of authors proposes measures to develop the Russian economy by involving young people in entrepreneurial activities in the conditions of digitalization of the economy through changes in the educational process of students. The analysis made it possible to draw conclusions about the ineffectiveness of the current state of economic policy, which is not aimed at promoting entrepreneurial initiatives by providing financial and other support, but at regulation and control of additional types of earnings for certain categories of citizens. The team of authors proposes recommendations on improving the educational process, within the frameworks of which the students studying at universities will be given theoretical and practical knowledge of doing business to solve existing problems.

The precast buildings are popular in construction industry because of shortening time, reducing site work, and less wastage, and the others. As the development of precast technology, module buildings were built in many countries in the world. But some of the precast construction is short of integrity and systematized management, then work issues are appeared for whole precast project. Despite these advantages, the precast building project management try to avoid possible risks also. It is necessary to clarify the reasons and optimize the precast management. It is not only the problem of assembling precast components, but also involves many factors such as module design, production, transportation, installation and the others. This article is to research series issues of precast construction management. The content focus on precast components design, producing process, construction problems.

In the past decade, the residential property market in Malaysia has been slumping. Despite the rapid growth in population and creation of new households, the sales performances have been poor; affordable housing units were flooding the market, and residential overhang have increased. While many developers were not able to perform optimally, few defied the norms and prevailed. This paper investigates the success factors of these developers by identifying the needs and wants of homebuyers and how these developers have fulfilled them. From May to June 2018, discussions were held with 11 housing developers in the overhang-ridden southern region of Malaysia. Findings revealed that the successful companies were those who incorporated eco-housing concepts. Though Malaysians do not really consider energy efficiency and environmental sustainability in their purchase decisions; they appreciate the visual pleasantness and comfort of green spaces in the housing estates despite being priced beyond the affordability range. To policymakers, this paper provides an example how green spaces may be incorporated into the development of social housing without compromising cost; and to private developers, this paper provides better understanding of homebuyers’ green motivations and suggests how they should approach prospective homebuyers with better environmental design.

In this era of increasing cyber dependency in business dealings there is huge potential in the adoption of Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) particularly in the context of smart contract in the commercial world. The phenomenon of smart contract operates independently without the cumbersome need to engage any intermediary. It has been argued that there is too much dependency on the programming aspect in the creation of smart contracts by programmers and computer scientists. Smart contract are more like an Apps which is capable of executing specific task but it fails to observe the fundamental understanding and agreement between the negotiating parties which is the core essence in traditional commercial contract. The objectives of this paper are to first, demonstrate the semantic discrepancies between traditional contract and smart contracts and the implication of the latter. Secondly, to support the proposition that programmers and computer scientists lack the required legal knowledge and logic in appreciating the various legal terms and effects of a concluded contract, there is a need to include lawyers and regulators to enhance the drafting of the corresponding denotational semantics in programming smart contract. This paper contends that the operational semantics which deals with the execution of the contract on technical platform should be consistent with and correspond with the denotational semantics.

A sustainable development of the sectoral markets should be viewed through the prism of market structure types and the factors of their management. The difference of market structure types requires different instruments of competition policy, which is a set of consistent measures implemented by state in order to ensure the conditions for the competitiveness of economic entities, the increase of Russian economy efficiency and competitiveness, the modernization of enterprises and the creation of conditions to ensure citizen needs in goods services by cost-effective way. The article analyzed the problems of violation determination in the course of public procurement. The aim of the work is to develop an approach to the monitoring of procurement procedure correctness. In the course of the study, the regulatory framework was analyzed in the field of public procurement, as well as the most frequent violations encountered in procurement activities. The result of the work is the development of an approach to monitor the procurement activities based on deviation markers, which can be used as the tool for the initial identification of suspicious transactions by state and municipal authorities. The article was prepared within the framework of the scientific project No. 16-06-00062 supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research.

This paper deals with an actual topic of the food habits of the population of a certain region, their financial costs for purchasing food, the conformity of the amount of food consumed to the norms of consumption of certain products, as a factor in the development of chronic non-infectious diseases The relationship between unbalanced diet and inexorably increasing rates of diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease was defined in the middle of the last century. However, despite the full availability of information in the modern world and the ubiquitous propagation of a healthy lifestyle, the incidence figures speak of the lack of awareness of the population about the risk factors for health problems. We investigated one of the most important links in the prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases: the rationality of nutrition. The paper presents the methods and results of research of food habits of people of different age groups, and covers such aspects as the dependence between consumed food, financial well-being and the reasons for changing food habits (Mansurov and Kondratieva, 2017). The results of the study show a deficit in the consumption of almost all foods, especially in important segments such as plant products. The urban population does not have suitable conditions for growing vegetables and fruits, and the prices for food products are often too high for them in the appropriate amount. A small amount of meat, eggs and milk in the diet increases the risk of chronic non-infectious diseases, which raises the issue of addressing the problem of preventing deterioration in the health status of the population. This paper is a tactically important basis for developing a set of measures aimed at correcting food habits in terms of enriching the diet with vitamins, minerals and the necessary amount of proteins and carbohydrates.

This study aims to identify the replacement and disposal of mobile phones amongst Malaysian university students. Data were collected from a sample of 620 students of 3 universities (two in Melaka and one in Kuala Lumpur), by means of a self-administered questionnaire survey. The results show that about 22% of the students replace their mobile phones annually, while most students (43%) replace their phones in more than 3 years. The most common reason for mobile phones replacement is the physical broken (58%) followed by poor function (35%). About one third of the students stockpile their retired phones and majority (37%) of them claim that they want to have them as spare units. Besides, a substantial amount of them (28%) actually do not know what to do with the retired phones. This reflects the low awareness amongst students and the lack of formal waste management system in Malaysia. Moreover, the findings show the rate of replacements of even functioning phones is high and a significant high stockpile of the retired phones, which in turn increase the generation of e-waste eventually. This study also provides evidence that the level of students’ awareness towards mobile phones recycling is still low and waste management system in Malaysia is still inadequate. Thus, the time has come for the introduction of a recycling programme for these potentially harmful waste materials. The findings of this study also lead to implications for the theory-deficient of mobile phones recycling literature. In addition, several policy recommendations for policy makers to enhance mobile phones recycling response rate are also discussed.

The Companies and Allied Matters Act 1990 provides specific remedies to shareholders in the event the company violates any of their personal right. This includes the right to receive notice and vote at the meeting. Personal action as a remedy entitled the shareholders to either an injunction or declaration against the company in addition to the monetary fine. However, enforcement of shareholder remedy in Nigeria takes very long time in court and the monetary fine is grossly inadequate. This questioned the adequacy and enforcement of shareholder remedies under Nigerian corporate law. The objective of this study is to examine various remedies available to shareholders about annual general meeting. This concerns legal provisions, decided cases and opinion of experts in order to introduce reforms that will sanction the violation of shareholder’s right. The study employed a doctrinal method which is library based and field work, in the form of a qualitative interview. The findings indicate that the court are reluctant to interfere in the enforcement of shareholder remedies due to the recognition of corporate personality principle which states that only the company has the right to seek for enforcement of remedies in court. Additionally, shareholders are not enlightened about their remedies. The study suggests for an upward review of all the monetary fines pertaining to AGM as well as the introduction of other avenues that will facilitate quick enforcement of shareholder remedies. Similarly, the regulators in Nigeria should be responsible for educating shareholders about their right and the enforcement of remedies.

The present paper investigated the possibility of progressive development of a society in the terms of transformation, in particular, by the ability of the educational community to the social cohesion to focus efforts on overcoming challenges of an unstable period of social development. The analysis was performed on the consolidation potential structure of the educational community; and factors of actualization and de-actualization of its potential were identified in order to clarify the conceptual apparatus of definitions «the educational community» and «the consolidation potential of the educational community».

The present paper investigated a developed method for the quantitative evaluation of involvement of countries in the international open access movement. It identified eight country open access indices which were initially connected with open access initiatives and instruments, their weighing, normalization and aggregation in a weighted average value. In a second more strict approximation, the number of indices was reduced up to six for the account of discarding duplicated data in ROAR and Open DOAR. Budapest initiative and Berlin declaration were considered as ??-initiatives; and data of the international registers, DOAJ, SHERPA/RoMEO, ROAR MAP and the Webometrics ??-repositories ranking, was considered as the tools. The calculation was done on the basis of a developed method for 133 countries.

The present paper was based on materials of the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia on the website. The research subject consisted of regional features in the changing value of human capital assets. The research object includes regions of the Central Federal District. The study was carried out using statistical methods including the index method, dispersion and correlation-regression analysis. The valuation of human capital assets was carried out on the basis of a profitable approach. It was found that the statistically significant differentiation of regions in terms of wages was the main factor affecting the dynamics and structure of human capital assets in the Central Federal District. The low wages, which triggered migration outflow in the region, should be considered as an indicator of an unsatisfactory socio-economic policy. It is necessary to improve the policy of social and economic development of regions; and the criterion for the success of which should be the sustainability of regional economies.

Knowledge sharing, which has been recognized as a part of knowledge management. It is defined as a willingness to share and to seek between two parties; knowledge seekers and knowledge owners. This action was held to warrant the organization in remain relevant and the continuity of knowledge to exist and evolve, regardless the availability of the knowledge owner. This paper aims to understand the current determinants which contribute to the knowledge sharing intention among knowledge workers and identifying potential future research from the literature review. The outcome from the findings will succor the researcher to determine the substantial factors from various determinants of personnel and organization. In addition, the outcome from the paper also aims in assisting the personnel from the academia in finding the proper channel to reach the knowledge worker and hence gaining the respective knowledge which beneficial to them from the port operator industry themselves.

This paper aims to provide the effects of corporate reputation and distinctive organizational capability in formulating co-creation strategy for incumbent firm in facing industry resolution 4.0. A co-creation strategy is critical to sustain the business in anticipating new entries that convey the new business model. The study focuses on incumbent telecommunication companies since the telecommunication industry, while the incumbent has strong corporate reputation and organization capability. Those both capabilities is required to become a distinctive capability to provide strong core competence among others. This study is a quantitative study that was conducted with 35 firms were used as a sample in the study as exploring the model. The analytical approach and the solution technique used is the Smart Partial Least Square (SmartPLS). The results of the study demonstrated that corporate reputation and distinctive operational capability influence co-creation strategy, while corporate reputation has a bigger role than distinctive capability in building co-creation strategy. These findings have practical implications for the management of the telecommunications industry in Indonesia, as the development of a co-creation strategy requires to be based on the development of corporate reputation with the support of the development of distinctive operational capability. Further research can be explored by expanding the sample, industry and in other countries. The study can also expand into a longitudinal study as part of the digital transformational model.

The designed aesthetic and consumer parameters of the region (coefficients of representation of objects) depend on the type of settlement, individual characteristics of the population, its psychological and physiological characteristics, features of the combination of aesthetic resources and accessibility of areas of public environmental management. Based on the results of the assessment, the existing problems of organizing the structure of land in the settlements of the region are identified and a methodology for mapping the assessment of the consumer parameter of the region is developed.

In the process of economic activity of any organization, there is always a danger of losing money, which results from the peculiarities of various economic operations. These risks are financial. At the same time, there are a number of methodological difficulties that do not allow us to approach these risks with the utmost efficiency. In recent years, the number of risks arising from the activities of many companies has increased significantly. In this regard, there have appeared a lot of new financial instruments which are actively used by market participants. The use of these tools makes it possible to reduce the level of risks assumed, but at the same time may entail certain problems for the activities of participants in the financial market. Therefore, at present, companies are increasingly thinking about how risk can affect their economic activity and what methods are necessary to respond to problems. To overcome difficulties, it is necessary to use insurance instruments in a timely manner against possible losses At the present stage of economic development, it is difficult to overestimate the role of insurance in the system of enterprise risk management, since insurance is the way to cover losses that can accompany their financial, investment and operational activities.

Conceptually, the key approaches to the formation of financial reporting for an Islamic financial institution (IFI) have much in common with approaches developed for economic entities in the traditional economy. At the same time, the AAOIFI Concept and the Financial Accounting Standard No. (1) provide for Islamic financial institution-specific provisions and reporting forms that reflect the requirements of the Sharia. Disclosure of methods in published accounts is intended to help its users distinguish between changes in the financial position of an Islamic financial institution, the results of its operations, cash flow, limited investment managed by it, the sources and use of Zakat (poor-due) and Kard funds and charitable foundations. Further development of the regulation of the issues on the formation of financial statements seems to us in the making common approaches to its formation closer for companies operating in the traditional economy and Islamic financial institutions.

Designed aesthetic and consumer parameters of the region (coefficients of representation of objects) depend on types of settlement, individual characteristics of the population, its psychological and physiological characteristics, features of the combination of aesthetic resources and accessibility of areas of public environmental management. Based on assessment results, the existing problems of organizing the land structure are identified in settlements of region and a methodology is developed for mapping the assessment of the consumer parameter of the region.

Social and cultural security, risks of destroying cultural and social stability are paramount important for the discussion at the governmental and national levels. The present paper suggested a new instrumental system for assessing socio-cultural threats and risks of large territories. As a demonstration, an analysis of results of the all-Russian expert survey was presented making it possible to assess existing socio-cultural threats to the environment, the likelihood of emergencies, the riskiness of Russia’s socio-cultural sphere, and the effectiveness of measures to maintain the social and cultural security. As a comparative analysis, new indices were empirically verified and proposed for measuring the socio-cultural sphere: the index of the probability of occurrence of socio-cultural threats and emergencies, the index of socio-cultural security, the index of social impact of threats on indices of the quality of life, and the index of the effectiveness of measures to improve and maintain the socio-cultural security. As a result of study, the structure of threats and risks of a habitat became clear, and the most effective countermeasures were determined.

In the present paper, effective factors in the imbalance between labor markets and educational services in the construction industry were identified on the basis of expert assessments. A model was developed as a system of equations that made it possible to determine the direction of influence of selected factors with subsequent graphic interpretation. Graphical visualization of models was also presented in the form of graphs. On this basis, scenarios of socio-economic development of region were defined in this area (optimistic, realistic and pessimistic scenarios).

Today, cities cannot be regarded as closed independent systems. Interterritorial competition for a variety of development resources is growing steadily. Not only the creation and implementation of a strategy for social and economic development but also territorial branding enable to ensure the effective use of the potential of the territory and increase its competitiveness. The article discloses the essence of the concept of geobranding, its development and application practice in Russia and is only a small part of a full-fledged study of the process of creating Russian geobrands. The purpose of the article is to give basic ideas about the branding of territories in the Russian Federation in the interconnection of key processes in this area. The methodological basis was provided by general scientific methods, such as synthesis and induction, the system approach, and also the normative method. The main conclusion drawn on the basis of the processing of the regulatory and empirical base is that the territory brand is based on the previous creation of a strategy for branding the strategy of development of the territory.

The paper examines current scientific discussions on the formation of modern trends in the development of organizational structures on performing management functions. A scientific discussion on the impact of digital technologies on transformation of the enterprise management structure, experimenting with the development and introduction of new management structures is a most studied and in demand in recent years and at least in the next decade. The problems of cost reduction due to the digitalization of management, as well as the fields of enterprise activity in which digital trends are gaining increasing importance are discussed. In this regard, the matrix of demand for elements of the human resource productivity in the quantity to quality ratio has been developed. The main modern directions of improving organizational management structures are considered. The analysis of the degree of managerial functions centralization in holding structures is given; the factors of managerial functions centralization are revealed; the advantages of decentralized and centralized management are described, and the costs that must be taken into account when deciding on the distribution of functions between the parent company and the holding’s subsidiaries are given. The features of network and virtual structures are shown. The tendency of development of virtual structures is defined. The purpose of the research is to analyze the influence of modern technologies on the structure of enterprise management and, accordingly, to identify and describe the development tendencies of the most successful organizational structures, to make possible variants of the demand for the elements of the human resource productivity.

Updating language education in Russia today requires implementing the newest and most efficient pedagogic techniques in teaching process. The main trait of these techniques is the presence of a means-and-methods package of enacting theory-based teaching process that allows one to accomplish targeted teaching objectives. It is connected with the transition to communication-oriented teaching of foreign languages, which indicates a change of modern paradigm in teaching of foreign languages. It is not merely a foreign language itself along with its expressive means, but also the speaker’s behavior under the conditions of actual communication that become the subject of teaching within the framework of this paradigm. Moreover, a principally different approach to teaching of foreign languages in higher education institutions is needed to implement major changes in the entire educational system, due to constant demand of specialists that actually have a good command of foreign languages. That is why motivational setting of learning also changes when students want to master at least one foreign language as a communication means and as a means of studying other cultures. Therefore, the main goal of education is to provide students with efficient command of a foreign language as a means of creation and formulation of ideas in the sphere of daily casual and professional communication. It means that a speaker’s behavior under the conditions of actual communication is understood today firstly as animated and activity-oriented realization of lingual, psychological and social-cultural knowledge that is necessary for communicating in a foreign language. Thus, the following aspects of the problem are reviewed in the article: capabilities of motivation in learning a foreign language; using the social-game model as an educating device; pedagogical potential of the social-game model as an educational resource; possibilities of forming communicative and social skills in teaching a foreign language and etc.

In the 1980’s, many economists emphasize on the importance of innovation in promoting the country’s economic growth. The issue of innovation performance has received considerable critical attention among SMEs. Scholars have long debated the impact of Research and Development (R&D) on the creation and diffusion of innovation in companies. The key drivers of firms’ innovation should be explored beyond R&D. To date, most public policy still relies on the assumption of the number of patents and the amount of investment made on R&D. Recently, a significant literature on the theme of intangible assets such as skills, knowledge management and intellectual capital has been developed around innovation performance. In fact, several researchers proposed that intellectual capital can benefit innovation performance in several ways. This study investigated from various industries of SMEs in Australia using data from the Business Longitudinal Database (BLD) from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). The findings concluded that the relational capital and structural capital links with innovation performance are significant after two years-lagged. SC is the most significant predictor of innovation performance while human capital does not significant related to innovation performance in SMEs. Nevertheless, in the long term, SC plays an important role in organisational innovation. The enduring outcomes of this study emphasize several possibilities which would help SME managers and policy makers to better foster innovation performance.

This paper is devoted to developing a set of approaches to assessing the unevenness of economic development in the world. Based on the theory of competitive advantage, the authors propose an integrated indicator of competitiveness that divides nations’ economic development into various stages. The research attests that, based on the integrated indicator of competitiveness, the level of technogenic development of countries coincides with their level of overall development. In today’s conditions of internationalization and globalization of production and capital, this kind of methodology for assessing indicators of national economic development, and, accordingly, the country’s place in the international arena, has proven to be quite effective, with the integrated indicator of competitiveness taking account of various approaches and factors. It was proven that countries, the economic development of which is between any of the stages are to be regarded as countries with the transitional economy.

Research aimed at identifying the reality of change management in the secondary school in the Qadisiyah governorate. The research sample consisted of 514 faculty members of 36 private schools in Qadisiyah governorate consisting (364) males and (180) female respondents. A survey research technique is adopted and reliability and validity of instrument is estimated by construct validity and test-retest reliability accordingly. The results of this study indicated that change management for secondary school principals is realized in faculty members of private secondary schools of Qadisiyah governorate. Furthermore, responses were compared on gender and years of experiences basis and it is found that responses are significantly different on gender basis while insignificant on experience basis. The study concludes that the principals of secondary schools should coordinate with the highest administrative levels for providing training opportunities for teachers according to the needs of teachers. There is a need to focus and introduce modern and sophisticated management patterns for the private secondary schools. This will help administration to apply change management in their educational institutions.

The broadly acknowledged notion on inflation is that it is a money related event. Henceforth the decrease of expansion is to a great extent the domain of financial approach. This investigation is carried out with an objective to determine the direction and significance the relationship among money supply and inflation. Consumer price index is used as proxy of inflation while M2 is used to determine money supply in the country. We applied ARDL model to investigate long run relationship among the variables. The data used for this estimation is ranging from 1960 to 2017. Results of the study describe a unidirectional relationship from money supply to inflation. Therefore, a significant and positive long run relationship has established in Iraqi economy. Hence, monetarist point of view is prevailed in Iraqi economy. It is recommended that Iraqi government should tighten its monetary policy to control inflation within an acceptable range.

A modern teacher has to work on professional self-improvement throughout his/her life in order to be worthy of the high title of “teacher”; therefore, he/she must constantly master the technologies of generalization and dissemination of innovative pedagogical experience. Research Methods: To address the research problems, research methods including analysis of the products of teachers’ activities, survey, analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization of empirical data, questioning, expert evaluation, and statistical data processing were used. Research Results: In this study, the dissemination of such experiences in the process of upgrading teacher’s pedagogical qualification was positioned as a purposeful assistance in creating and applying the integrated unity of three spaces: educational, educational-reflexive, and social-practical. Discussion: The andragogical support of school teachers, who master innovative pedagogical experiences, should be organized proceeding from the andragogical approach to the educational process, which actualizes the principles of independence, taking into account the experiences of students, the application of learning outcomes to a specific situation, the intensification of the need for education. Conclusion”. The main differences between teachers working in schools and gymnasiums are manifested in a higher level of dissemination activity on the part of gymnasium teachers, which is related to the requirements to the staff in this institution and to personal characteristics of teachers who are more focused on creativity and the introduction of innovations into the pedagogical process.

In this study, they presented the analysis of current views on the important link in medical care provision to the population, namely, primary health care. According to the Alma-Ata Declaration on the organization of primary health care this type of medical assistance has made it possible to carry out reforms within this area in many countries, which has led to effective results (the reduction of infant mortality, the increase of life expectancy and a number of other indicators). In this paper, they performed the analysis of Russian and foreign sources of literature on the topic under study between 1978 and 2018. It has been established that primary health care is regarded as the most effective instrument of health protection than specialized medical care according to the experience of Russian Federation, a number of countries in Europe, Asia and the African continent, Australia and the United States. The performed analysis clearly shows that the experience of some countries demonstrates the correlation between the general coverage of primary health care and the achievement of public health indicative indicators. At the same time, the question is raised about the expediency of certain aspect replacement concerning the provision of specialized medical care by the doctors of general practice, i.e. primary health care. The obtained results can be interpreted as an evidence base for the necessity and an undeniable effectiveness of primary health care as a central link in the health care system.

An expanding consideration towards unfair supervision hones has seen in current management literature. This investigation is an effort to explain the proposed phenomenon of abusive supervisory conduct and employee’s silence at work place. Additionally, we propose and examine intervening impact of justice perception to ponder the relationship of abusive supervision and staff silence. This examination is led with regards to banks situated in Cairo. This examination bolsters the assumption that negative supervisory behavior prompts employees silence whereas perception of justice plays an intervening role in this relationship. Management needs to comprehend the predecessors and outcomes of the abusive supervision and make, their managers to understand the disappointing results due to negative behavior.

This article presents a critical analysis of such archetypal concepts as "freedom", "power" and "leadership" in the Arab-Muslim folklore.The authors of the article have conducted a structural and semantic analysis of proverbs using conceptual, comparative-historical and anthropological methods and studied significant fragments of Magma ‘al-’am?al (collection of proverbs dated back to the 12th century) compiled by the well-known Muslim linguist al-Maydani. They have distinguished a special group of proverbs that reflect an attitude to power, personal freedom, the leader’s authority and other social culture-bound concepts typical of the pre-Islamic and Arab-Muslim medieval civilization. This study is crucial since it enables to identify prototypes of the modern Arabic political culture based on archetypal elements of the collective mindset.

English learning is a complex and difficult procedure and can be a daunting task. The innovation of technology and communication has played an important role in enhancing and facilitating the efficiency of English language learning. Video is an example of audiovisual aids that has raised educators’ attention around the world. Many instructive institutions have turned to use video because of being fun and interactive element and providing classes to improve their learners’ English proficiency skills. This study aims to elicit Iraqi students’ attitudes on using video to develop English learning. In addition, it aims to discover the impact of using video on learning English skills. A qualitative case study was used. Data was gathered during interviews. The results of this research indicate that the students were in favor of video’s potential for developing English language proficiency. Video is a fun element to use, and most significant of all, the students feel that it is a new substitute way to learn English and needs to be taking more interest in the education system.

The world ocean is an integral system, directly influencing the climate of the whole planet, the plant and the animal world, the processes of life and human activity. The result of the World Ocean space, its waters and resources intensive use is the problem of its protection against pollution. It is one of the new challenges and threats to the security of states. Nevertheless, of all natural objects, this most important component of the Earth hydrosphere is most exposed to pollution. Thus, according to expert estimates, most of the total amount of the world ocean pollution is conditioned by terrestrial sources, which are the least manageable by international law due to their location on the territory of a certain sovereign state. Coastal areas are exploited by a man very actively and bring the greatest economic benefit. And, thus, this zone is the center of the greatest anthropogenic impact on the waters and the living resources of the World Ocean. Entering the coastal marine areas located on the shores of industrialized countries, the amount of pollutants is so high that it can rightly be considered as a global environmental problem of an international character with a rapid movement and distribution, capable to predetermine the fate of the entire oceans. Therefore, it is quite natural that from the middle of the twentieth century this problem became a key issue for states, academic circles, international specialists and put them before the need to develop a mechanism for its international legal and national regulation as soon as possible.

The modern world is on the threshold of transition to the sixth technological mode, which will cause tremendous shifts in the economy around the world. The transition to the sixth technological mode will entail the emergence of new branches of the economy and the dying out of some of those that are functioning now. As a result of the transition, the principles of conducting economic activity will also change, due to changes in the resource base of industries, as well as the principles of management activity. This paper identifies the problems associated with the transition to the new technological mode, and also proposes an approach to managing this process. The paper considers the hypothesis that there is a direct relationship between the level of technical complexity of the product produced and the degree of dependence on the interregional interaction. The paper considers interregional interaction as one of the fundamental factors of the economic success of the new technological mode. Interregional "cluster cubes" are defined as the institutional basis for building the economy of the new technological mode.

This research is aimed to identify the importance of standard accounting disclosure for banking industry from point of view of external auditors and institutional investors. A survey-based questionnaire approach has adopted to record the responses. The research includes three main dimensions of accounting disclosures including income, expense and liabilities. The results of investigation revealed that external auditors are more concerned about loan facility management issued to customers while investors are more concerned about the income and expenses of banks. Further the responses of two groups are compared and found statistically equal. Therefore, a consensus in the perception about the importance of accounting disclosure of banks has identified.

Malaysia is a country that aims to become a high-income status nation by 2020. Though, Malaysia currently is facing with over-indebtedness problems, an increasing trend in consumer loan demand, high household debt-GDP ratio, and also with a high number of bankruptcies. With regards to these issues, therefore this study is conducted to investigate the causes of over-indebtedness, specifically among the young generations. This study applied a face to face survey and interviewing eight young workers in one of the public universities in Malacca, Malaysia. The results indicate that low in financial knowledge and debt illiteracy are not the causes of over-indebtedness for the sampling frame. An individual with a good financial knowledge and debt literate, also associate with a high debt and over-indebtedness. Moreover, home and car loan are the dominant contributors for individual over-indebtedness, due to the perception that home and car are the needs in today’s life. These findings had brought a new dimension in exploring on the causes of over-indebtedness, where research on over-indebtedness should not only focus on the linking of financial literacy (financial knowledge and debt literacy) with consumer debt, but then should consider other contributing factors that give effect to individual over-indebtedness. It is hoped that this study may perhaps give benefits to regulatory bodies in formulating policies related to consumer debt in realizing the government’s intention to become a high-income status nation by the year 2020.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation of credit card debt among young Adult who are actively involved in social media. Design/Methodology – This article will form a platform of discussion for recent discoveries towards credit card debt. Selected articles from a few journals will be scrutinized for the findings. A comparison would be made with other articles and the conclusion will be discussed towards the end of this article. The respondents came from various countries such as Taiwan, America and China. Finding - As a conclusion, this article has discovered that compulsive buying and social platform such as hot sales event, social marketing, social entertainment and especially social media have evolved. More in-depth discussion in terms of external factor of the surrounding environment should be investigated rather than looking at the psychological and behavioral aspects. Credit card debt has also evolved from traditional shopping towards social commerce. The external factors such as credit card responsible use, financial knowledge and social upbringing should be included instead of source of income of the customer and the expenses incurred. Then, social media is a contributing factor in compulsive buying. The compilation of the articles in recent years has shown an increase of compulsive buying in online shopping. It is one of the factors for behavioral aspect. Furthermore, young adult have always shown the tendency of turning to debt for material possession. The findings of one study interestingly showed that even when one has a sound financial knowledge, the tendency for debt making is still high.

In today’s world, to survive, people need to work for a job which they are happy and satisfied. Before choosing their own job, they need to set a career path. When looking at the history about how it has been working for people, we see some factors affecting their orientation to their careers. The world is changing; so is the generation. This paper contains a research study about the career orientation for this new generation in Turkey. This empirical study is conducted with an AHP method with Turkish university students’ career orientation, having as main objective to identify the factors which are affecting the new generation about the setting their career orientation and order them in a hierarchical way. The results showed that this new generation is somehow different from the previous ones, especially when it comes to career orientation; some factors affect their way to choose a career path.

The psycholinguistic aspect of study of the text as a product of speech activity is analyzed in the article. The relevance of the ideas of multidimensional space of life in the linear plane of the undertaken research consists in the consideration of the text as the difficult semantic and syntactical formation possessing a number of psycholinguistic characteristics. The authors of the research claim that in the psycholinguistic aspect of studying the text the concept of perception of the text treated as the act of knowledge, experience and creativity is important. In the given work perception of the text is correlated to the projection of the text which in psycholinguistics is considered as fundamental property of the text formation. In the article phases of the perception of the text are described in detail; for the definition of the bases of the psycholinguistic approach to the study of the text the comparative analysis of the text review in psycholinguistics and linguistics is submitted. Besides, the authors investigate the features of the psycholinguistic analysis of the text on the example of the scientific works of the famous linguists. According to the researchers, the leading place in a psycholinguistic projection of the text is taken by the reader - the recipient whose activity is connected with his spiritual activity: he tries to understand a statement, gives additional clarity to the speech, finds the hidden meaning.

Marketing specialists simultaneously use several channels to attract visitors to websites. There is a difficulty in the separate assessment of not only the efficiency and conversion of each channel, but also in their interconnection. Problems occur when users visit a website from several sources and only after that do the key action. Different models of attribution are used to assess the effectiveness and selection of the most optimal channels. The models are reviewed in the present paper. However, we suggested using the multi-channel attribution, which provides an aggregate assessment of multi-channel sequences, by taking into account their interdependent nature. The purpose of paper was to create an attribution model that comprehensively evaluated multi-channel sequences and showed the effect of each channel on the conversion. The presented model of attribution can be based on the theory of graphs or Markov chains. The first method of calculation was more visual; the second (based on Markov chains) allowed working with a large amount of data. As a result, it presented a model of multi-channel attribution that was based on Markov processes or graph theory. It allowed for maximum comprehensive assessment of the impact of each channel on the conversion. On the basis of two methods, calculations were carried out confirming the adequacy of applied model for assigned tasks.

The present paper analyzed problems of joint of biographical personality and the image of the author and studied concepts namely the "the image of the author", "autobiographical pact", "pseudo-documentalism", "autobiographism", and the "autopsycologism". Creating an entire composition from dozen of episodes (which were created as separate short stories), S. Dovlatov integrated them by fictional correspondence between the author and publisher where he interfered biographical facts as bases for his work, his attitude towards them, and thought about the literature and his situation in it. It was found that according to the pseudo-documentalism principle, the author created a document imitating the epistolary genre and achieved, thereby affected readers’ confidence. The present paper proved that in the novel “The Zone” the author distanced himself from the main character allowing us to talk about a prevailing autopsychological principle regarding the autobiographical principle. Not authenticity of facts, but the assonance of main character’s experience with author’s own experience in the foreground. In the style of Dovlatov, there is the assonance of main character’s experience with author’s own experience in the foreground.

The timbre ear development as a component of musical ability is an important factor for the qualified students’ musical and performance advance in piano class. The timbre ear allows revealing the coloristic potential of the piano, perceiving and delivering timbre characteristics of vocal and various musical instruments, and practicing orchestral treatment of piano. The timbre ear development supposes not only making performer’s readiness to perceive, but also embodying the required timbre on the piano. Reconstruction of timbre characteristics refers to a supreme approach to the original sound, while using different ways of sound retrieval, articulation, dynamic shading, pedaling, etc. The role of academic repertoire cannot be overestimated in the timbre ear development of piano class students. The richest piano literature is represented by a great number of compositions that are essential for the timbre ear development. Among them, there is a special attention to piano transcriptions, representing vocal or instrumental compositions in a new reading-concert, and masterly adaptation for the piano. The present study aimed to reveal the potential of piano transcriptions of compositions by Tatar composers in developing the timbre ear of piano class students. Authors summed up the experience of piano teaching in educational institutions of the Republic of Tatarstan, performance and methodological analysis of the performance repertoire, and thus unveiled opportunities of the timbre ear development in the process of studying piano transcriptions of Tatar composers in piano classes and gave examples for piano reconstruction of instruments’ sounds of source compositions. Piano transcriptions of compositions written by Tatar composers vividly reflect national music traditions of Tatarstan, timbre peculiarities of solo and orchestral instruments emphasizing the beauty of Tatar vocal intoning.

The topicality of the problem is explained by the fact that the problem of post-modernism in the context of national literature still raises many questions which solving becomes necessary. The article aims to identify the specifics of the Tatar postmodern prose, determine its typology. The main methods for the study of this problem is systemati?-stru?tural, literary hermeneutics and methods of receptive aesthetics. The main result of the article is the statement that postmodern artistry paradigm is represented in Tatar literature in two ways: firstly, in the ?on?eptual-semanti? level of the texts defining the forms of the author’s position expressions, often performing only as a function of the text, and secondly, as poetics techniques integrated with other elements of the art systems, especially of modernism. Article submissions may be useful for determining the content and scope of the term postmodernism as a phenomenon of national literary-historical process.

This research aims to analyse the roles of gold as a hedge or safe haven against stock and inflation, simultaneously. The standard TGARCH and quantile techniques in the TGARCH models are proposed. Based on the standard TGARCH model, this study demonstrates that gold generally displays little evidence of a strong hedge property against the stock market and inflation in the full sample (2001-2014). Nevertheless, this study reports some strong hedging roles for local gold (but not international gold) in the shorter sample (2010-2014) during the period during which particular attention was given to the European debt crisis. For the quantile relations, although we can detect some evidence of a strong safe haven in some quantiles, gold, at best, tends to be a weak safe haven during extreme movements in stock return, for both periods. Concerning gold-inflation relationships, this study reveals that gold, at best, is a less viable haven instrument. This study also reveals that various types of gold are essential to determine the hedge and safe haven effects, while gold in various weights only plays a minor role. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that gold only plays a minor role during stock market slumps and inflationary episodes in the context of Malaysia.

In present time intercultural conflicts prevention is one of the issues of the day because many people leave their native lands and migrate to other countries. But they do not leave their culture and traditions and some of them can cause misunderstanding of natives. One of the most important components of culture is religion. Religion is a part of worldview that is different to people of other countries due to historical development. This difference is reflected in the language which verbalizes the cultural worldview and sometimes the difference is presented in culture specific concepts. The article is aiming at Tatar culture-specific concepts, namely the words from the semantic field Religion. We have investigated this semantic group relative to their equivalents in English and have calculated the semantic distance coefficient for this group. The coefficient made up 12.44 and it is showing that the concepts of the field Religion segment this field differently by Tatar and English peoples. The research results can be used in future research of the Tatar language and culture, Intercultural Communication, conflict prevention as well as in Theory and Practice of Machine Translation.

The present paper aimed to determine the necessity to study principles of metaphorical representation of objective reality to reveal common and differential nationally specific features of the cognitive consciousness of native speakers with different languages. This research was conducted in a semantic and cognitive approach helping to identify an ordered set of concepts in the public minds and their concept spheres through the investigation of semantics of linguistic signs. The main methods included the component analysis, the conceptual analysis, the contextual analysis, the etymological analysis, the cognitive analysis, and the metaphorical analysis. The analysis of problems indicated that the metaphorically redefined vocabulary of the semantic field of construction vocabulary formed a vast area of the conceptual worldview of speakers with English and Russian languages. Anthroposphere is the most frequent and productive cognitive goal of the metaphorical shift with construction vocabulary ? 91, 81%. We identified areas of regular and irregular metaphorical shifts indicating the potential of construction vocabulary in forming a fragment of the conceptual worldview of English and Russian speakers. Quantitative indices indicated the predominance of ontological and structural metaphors over orientational ones. The obtained results of research on the semantic field of construction vocabulary reflected an ordered and evident prototypical basis in the cognitive consciousness of native speakers. The method of investigating metaphorical shifts in this paper can be also based on materials of other concept spheres and semantic fields that represent them.

Due to the shift to the cognitive and functional perspective of linguistic knowledge in the 1970s, the linguistic science became closer to the human thinking and goals of communication. In investigating lexemes of various thematic fields, it is essential to combine the knowledge of structural and cognitive linguistics involving the componential analysis, logic-linguistic analysis, and the associative experiment. The present paper aimed to indicate the combination of these methods as examples of units belonging to the thematic field “landscape”. The sphere of lexical-semantic system, which was associated with thematic scope “landscape”, was represented in all world languages. The research on the specificity of formation and structure of the thematic field “landscape” in Russian and English discovered common models of the formation process of lexical units’ meanings. This contributed to the successful resolution of an urgent problem of modern linguistics. The problem existed in relationships of a lexical unit and a concept that was defined by this lexical unit.

The relevance of the topic is due to the need to generalize the available material on the history of the First World War from the point of view of the involvement of Kazan province in it. The goal is to study this war as a historical event, accompanied along with death, physical and moral mutilation of people, and the emergence of new social strata in the deep Russian rear: internally displaced persons (refugees) and persons caught in the power of enemy (prisoners of war). The purpose of this paper is dictated by the desire to explore this inevitable consequence of the First World War. We will try to consider the nature and peculiarities of using the labor potential of prisoners of war from the countries participating in the Triple Alliance, in the Kazan province in 1914-1917. The leading method to investigate this problem was the system approach and system analysis, which allowed considering people captured in the deep Russian rear as the prisoners, as part of the complex phenomenon of the world war, that was the captivity. By means of general scientific and special-historical methods, the numerical and national composition, peculiarities of accommodation, conditions of detention and the organization of labor of prisoners of war who arrived in Kazan are analyzed. Based on the newly introduced archival materials, the reasons for the difficulties encountered with the placement of prisoners of war, the number and the employment of prisoners were clarified. It is concluded that there is a noticeable difference between the order and working conditions of prisoners of war in different counties of the province, in the countryside and in cities; and also on the absence of intentional violation of the rights of prisoners of war.

The necessity of modernization of the national educational system after world educational integration revealed the relevance of the research. The aim of the study is to build a structure-functional model of the students’ adaptation to the credit educational system. The main approach to the problem of adaptation is the systems approach, which focuses on the complex exploration of the set of linked features, methods and processes required to provide targeted influence on the adaptation process. The built structural model of the adaptation to the credit system became the result of the study. The model consists of motivational-targeted, content-technological, result-evaluative components. Materials of the article can be useful to the experts working in higher educational institutions, to students and all who are connected with the field of education.

Over the years, there are rapid development in complex devices and gadgets such as smartphones, tablets, PCs and laptops. Consequently, this leads to rapid development in mobile technology that has made us reliant to mobile applications in our lives. Mobile applications are becoming popular tools for education and business, as well as for entertainment and employment. This has sparked the development of innovative and interactive education applications that can be used to encourage and facilitate conducive learning. Therefore, this research is conducted to create a further understanding on the use of mobile applications to enhance learning. Here, it is believed that the use of mobile applications in education have many benefits. This is because applications enable students to visualize what being learned throughout their learning process which makes learning more effective for them. This study describes the use of an instructional design model to design and develop an application for learning Arabic language and improve its proficiency. The use of the combination of Kemp model and Gerlach & Ely model is proposed in developing the application.

The present study aims to investigate the interactive role of organizational learning in the relationship between modest leadership and the employee green strategy. In order to achieve the objectives of the study we collected data from commercial banks working in Muthanna Governorate (al-Rafidain, Al-Rasheed). In total 119 responses were collected from employees at different levels (Director, associate director, head of Department, Division manager, employee) of organization. The study found the most important conclusion that the indirect influence of organizational learning as an interactive role with the modest leadership in the behavior of green workers. The study recommends utmost need to develop modest leadership to motivate the employees toward green behavior. Further, this study draws useful insights for future research and recommendations for policy makers.

This research study aims to assess the face validity and reliability of the construct of skills set and explore quantitatively a small sample of data on the determinants of performance of MEs in Punjab, Pakistan. The survey method approach was adopted to collect the data from MEs’ owners or managers through 41 usable questionnaires and adopted the stratified random sampling method. Therefore, validity and reliability of the instruments were examined through panel of experts from industry and academia and also small sample of the data analysed by using SPSS version 23.0 for Mac. While, results confirmed the reliability and face validity of the adapted instruments in the pilot study.

The purpose of the article is to reveal the conceptual attitudes and effective directions of humanitarization of Russian education in the contemporary conditions of the information society. The article summarizes the materials of research and scientific-practical activity in the framework of the project “Humanitarization of education in the context of social and cultural space development of the region” conducted in a number of educational institutions of Moscow. It is shown that the humanitarization of education is possible under the condition of creating a favorable socio-cultural educational environment, which includes a set of techniques and methods of pedagogical support and integrated forms of new knowledge acquisition. It is determined that innovative pedagogical activity in the context of humanitarization of education actualizes the problem of creation of such practices which are consistent with the ideas of dialogization, natural conformity, and cultural conformity of the educational process. The article substantiates the mechanisms for increasing the productive innovative educational activities and presents a comprehensive model of the organization of innovative pedagogical activity for interaction of educational organizations with the extensive network of social and cultural organizations of the city aimed at overcoming the formal, abstract character of training, as well as integrating educational process into a wide cultural space. The article provides examples of didactic support for the implementation of the suggested model: the humanitarian technology for creating a dialogue space of the class. The authors generalize the basic directions of personal development, which are activated in the conditions of humanitarization of the educational environment based on innovative pedagogical activity and carry out the analysis of students’ development dynamics based on the selected criteria of the educational environment formation in the organization and the professional development of the teaching staff.

The paper aims to assess the influence of structural and institutional factors on agricultural development in the regions where rural areas are qualified as unfavorable for agriculture by the government of the Russian Federation. The discussed factors particularly include rural unemployment, sectoral structure of the regional economy and agriculture, and forms of ownership of food producers. The proxy used as a gauge of regional agricultural development level is the output per person employed in the sector of "agriculture, hunting and forestry" as it is defined for statistical purposes. The application of economic and mathematical methods of analysis helped to create a set of regression models, which showed several distinctive geographical groups among the unfavorable regions. Each group of regions calls for specific individual strategies of transition to sustainable development of the disadvantaged agricultural territories.

This article is devoted to studying trends in developing financial innovations in the Russian Federation, which represent implementation and promotion of the financial system with improved financial products, services and new processes to create a new financial structure, which ultimately accelerates the sustainable economic growth. The results obtained during this study show that four most promising segments can be identified in the long-term run, which should be taken into consideration while planning the development of financial innovations: payments and remittances, alternative financing, insurance and capital management. In Russia, the development of the above segments will depend on the creation and effective functioning of its financial technological (FinTech) ecosystem. This may be achieved by developing technologies and increasing demand for new services and innovative financial products through a set of measures aimed at providing capital to financial innovation companies, as well as improving the regulatory environment and developing human intellectual capital. This study has identified key initiatives that should be implemented to support the development of financial innovations and FinTech segments in Russia.

In Malaysia, corporate influences on financial information have received a great attention by the stakeholders since it represents board of directors’ accountability. Board of directors communicate the financial information through the corporate financial reports. However, the corporate influences on improving the financial reporting quality have been under investigated, particularly with the adoption of the Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards (MFRSs). This study examines the corporate influences on the financial reporting quality in pre- and post-adoption of the MFRSs. Specific corporate influences indicators examined in this study are board of directors’ independence, board size, frequency of board meeting, financial literacy of board members, board directorship, board change, managerial ownership and directors’ remuneration. Data were collected on 456 companies listed on the Bursa Malaysia. The results indicate that there is no significant difference in the means of financial reporting quality in the pre- and post-adoption periods of the MFRSs. In addition, it was found that only board of directors’ independence has the significant effect on the financial reporting quality in the post-adoption period of the MFRSs. This study contributes to the financial reporting quality literature by means of examining the role of governance mechanism, in the pre- and post-adoption of the MFRS.

The present paper aimed to investigate syntactic units of the idiomacy structure that express intensive-consecutive relations, which are classified as “expressive syntactic constructions” and differ from each other by semantic diversity, fusion of informative and connotative meanings, combination of real and surreal contents and combination of both variable and non-variable components. On the one hand, the present research focused on unresolved problems of syntactic phraseological models’ semantic-functional status, and on the other hand, paid attention to the representation of intension in the information structure of phrasemes that differ by the correlation of qualitative-quantitative and relational meanings. Statements, which have so/ such/ so/ before ... what; not so not so ... so; too ... to conjuctures and are based on constant components and allow free lexical filling, are related to these phraseological models (hereinafter referred as phraseomodels). Phraseomodel, which concentrates on the verbalisation of intensity and behaves differently depending on the lexico-semantic origin of the “backbone” component and how functionally loaded its pro-form, prevails in the writing style of B. Akunin’s detective fictions. Meanwhile, the semantic intensity is often amplified due to the metaphorization and embodiment, inversion, segregation of the pro-form or phrase as a whole, and the inclusion of informal speech and even jargon. Phraseomodels, which are analyzed in terms of the inter-model correlation, are correlated with those phraseomodels including the "too ... to" part indicating the redundancy in the quality or conditions, and with those including the not so / not so / not so ... to parts, in which the quality of subject, on the contrary, does not exceed the bare minimum for something to happen. Such stylistic modifications of the currently studied phraseomodel as parcellation, lexico-syntactic repetition and ellipsis enhance the expressive and emotional perception of B. Akunin’s detective fictions.

The present paper investigated results of an analysis of dynamics of changes in the investment structure of Belgorod region on the basis of private and integral indices characterizing the dynamics of structural changes. Structural changes in Belgorod region concerning investment capital were different from corresponding calculated figures in the Central Federal District. The revealed differences characterized features of the development in the investment processes and indicated changes in priorities of those investing in the economy of this region.

The aim of this paper was to examine the novel “Gam'” by the Tatar writer A. Motallapov regarding the author’s use of non-standard language. The novel was published in autumn 2014 in the Tatar journal “Kazan Utlari” and it is an interesting example of the use of non-standard language in Tatar literature. The author employed non-standard elements in the speech of some of his protagonists, thus illustrating their regional origins and social belonging. The use of non-standard language in Tatar literature is mostly not considered in academic literature, and also non-standard lexis in Tatar at large is rarely an object of investigation. The non-standard phrases in the given text were characterized by expressive features, short simple syntax, and dialect pronunciation. Definitions of “standard” and “non-standard” were also given along with analysis of dialect usage. Thus, the focus of the present analysis was on phenomena which could be seen as part of variety as well as contact linguistics.

The authors of the present paper investigated the problem of the importance of teachers’ roles in higher educational institutions in the process of forming critical thinking among students. The ability to think critically allows future specialists to prepare for real professional activities, successfully implement assigned tasks to them and achieve high results. Similarly, there is an opinion among many researchers that students’ critical thinking is formed automatically in the teaching and educational process. The research authors introduced their own views on the problem and considered the teacher personality as the central unit in the process of forming the critical thinking among university students.

The problem of professional training of future specialists is one of the most urgent issues in the modern dynamic world. Society needs professionals who would be able to take not only the traditional formulated solutions, but also independent non-standard solutions to professional problems, like in the integral part of their professional training such as the organization of a foreign language assessment at primary schools. In this relationship, the present paper investigated the problem of selecting the most appropriate approaches to future teachers-philologists’ professional training in the sphere of young learners’ achievements testing. The main aim of paper was to analyze and represent the most beneficial approaches for this purpose. In this paper, we realized that the professional training of future philologists should be based on a combination of personality-oriented, communicative, environmental and competence-based approaches, as well as the constructivism idea. The scientific research results may be used in the foreign language teaching methodology as a basis for the students’ training for the assessment organization.

he present paper aimed to investigate the notion of "city", "urban space", and the "urban tourism". An example of a large city presents main elements of a structural-logical scheme for a geospatial research on the tourist market. Main functions of city were analyzed, in particular, the tourist function of a large city with modern signs of tourism development in Kharkiv city. The research indicated dynamics of number of tourists from Kharkiv region according to the tourism activity during 2000-2016 and dynamics for number of tourism activity in Kharkiv region for during 2011-2016. Kharkiv is a city where is expected to be a metropolis and "smart city". The research presented prior directions of tourist development in Kharkiv, and revealed main problems of the tourism development in the city. It highlighted main tasks for putting Kharkiv at the international and national levels as an attractive city for tourists.

An analysis was performed on the economic state of the beekeeping industry as well as factors influencing the dynamics of its development in five leading countries of honey exporters namely China, New Zealand, Argentina, Germany, and Spain in order to solve theoretical, methodological and practical problems of increasing the efficiency of the development of regional beekeeping in market conditions. The present paper described some branch peculiarities of the beekeeping functioning, the market development for products of industry, scientific and technological achievements, organizational and economic mechanisms of interaction between agricultural producers and processing enterprises, the legal and information provision of business entities, the development of industrial and social infrastructures of industry, and qualified personnel training in studied countries. Based on the analysis, practical recommendations are offered for improving the efficiency of regional beekeeping development.

The present paper investigated the formation and implementation of the social youth capital. The social youth capital is defined as a set of “resources of a human, group or society that is in general formed and reproduced subject to the entity’s acceptance of values integrating with the reference environment, observance of norms relevant to interacting individuals that ensure the establishment of mutual trust and convertible in forms of institutions and practices (methods and technologies) and ensuring the attainment of life goals”. It is substantiated that the social capital of youth is mainly formed on the basis of relationships in four fields: family; neighbors; labor (including educational) groups; and virtual social networks. Similarly, it is contradictory and ambiguous in terms of consequences in each field. Family is the most important location for the formation of social capital, but social networks play increasingly important role in the development of youth. Young people consider participation therein as a kind of compensation for costs of direct inter-personal communication.

In the modern educational space, the focus on realities of the information society is an important issue relating to the provision of a high level of education informatization that implies teachers’ mastering as the necessary competency and the ability to introduce electronic educational resources into educational and training practice. Adobe Flash as a platform for creating web applications and multimedia presentations enjoys the greatest popularity with users including teachers. However, because of the announcement that Adobe Flash is going to terminate its functioning in 2020, the issue of choosing a suitable analog to create web applications and presentations for teaching purposes has become particularly important. The present paper provided a comprehensive analysis of developing electronic educational resources by teachers using Adobe Flash and HTML5 for teaching mathematics at primary schools. In the present paper, we shared the experience of teaching future primary school teachers the technologies for creating multimedia and web applications, in particular with Adobe Flash and HTML5. The experience was based on teaching the special course “The Technique of Using Computer Techniques in Lessons at Primary Schools” that taught Adobe Flash in 2012-2015, and HTML5 in 2016-2017.

The present paper aimed to investigate the ratio and interaction of international and internal law in the Republic of Iraq. Theoretical questions of concept "international contracts" are raised from the point of view of their structure location of legal system of the Republic of Iraq. The mechanism of a ratio of international treaties and the national legislation is characterized in the law-enforcement aspect of the concept "right source". The international treaty of the Iraqi legislation has the status of the special ordinary law of national legal system corresponding to other acts of the internal law by rules of the competition and a collision of norms. The analysis of concrete provisions of the domestic legislation was performed according to the international law of the Republic of Iraq. According to author’s point of view, the rapprochement of various legal systems and national legislations with rules of international law is now the major development.

The anthropocentric paradigm of modern linguistic science encourages researchers to solve new problems related to the description of mental units - concepts. In this regard, studies devoted to examination of artistic concepts that contribute to modeling the artistic image of an author’s world as an option of linguistic image of the world and a variety of interaction between national and the author’s individual in the creative idiolect are of particular importance. The diversity of views in modern linguistics on problems associated with the understanding of the essence of artistic concept and the methodology of its analysis testifies to the complexity of the phenomenon studied; and, consequently, the need for its detailed and thorough comprehension and scientific description. This article was focused on description of the theoretical foundations of the selection of artistic concept in contemporary linguistic cognition in modern lingvocognitology. The article also presented a review of the definitions of the term studied in the scientific linguistic literature, outlined the main directions in studying the artistic concept, and also identified and analyzed its characteristic and specific features. In the course of the research, it was established that the artistic concept was a mental formation verbalized in an artistic text s associated with a figurative transfer of a certain phenomenon or object. The artistic concept combined the generally accepted knowledge and subjective perception of the author’s reality. Moreover, the artistic concept, representing a key unit of cognitive paradigm of researching an artistic text, had several distinctive features: associative nature, imagery and symbolism, emotiveness, orientation to aesthetic information, dialogicality, variability of semantic content, ability to enrich the meaning, etc. The study of the artistic concept further promoted comprehension of the ideological content of the artistic text, comprehension of the author’s conceptual sphere, and identification of the author’s specific idiostyle. During the research; general scientific methods of observation, analysis and synthesis, description, comparison, and generalization were used.

This article with a general methodological orientation was to present the specific nature of forming foreign competence in teaching foreign languages to the students of humanitarian specialties of higher educational institutions. To this end, the results of teaching a foreign language based on the cultural concept was presented. This approach in the language mastering system dictates a teacher to select materials for study in accordance with socio-cultural, linguistic-cultural, and intercultural information relevant to professional interests of students of a particular specialty. The definition of not so much linguistic but the personal traits of the trainee as an area of proximal development also contribute to the formation of a specialist adapted and capable of implementing their professional competences regardless of geographical barriers. The novelty of the proposed approach is to integrate the earliest forms of language mastering with the extracurricular form of work at university. It includes the work on attracting students to communicate with native speakers or with representatives of a different culture through their unifying language in natural communication situations (meetings, scientific debates, and student exchange programs). A purposeful implementation of this approach also allows developing professional, social, and intercultural competencies of students in their inseparable trinity.

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a holistic approach that focuses on meeting needs and expectation of customers through the involvement of all organizational functions and individuals for continued improvement. It is widely accepted as a mean of sustaining competitive advantage. However, the review of performance-related TQM literature shows that researchers have different approaches in conceptualization of performance measures and inconclusive about the positive impact of TQM on corporate performance. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of TQM practices on corporate performance, both financial and nonfinancial performance. The empirical data had been drawn from 132 human resource managers in Malaysian public listed companies and analysed using the multiple regression analysis. Finding of this study revealed that TQM has a positive impact on corporate performance across five measure practices, which are, top management leadership, human resource management, customer focus, strategic planning, and information and process management. The major implication of the finding is that the positive impact of TQM on corporate performance is not limited only to Malaysia manufacturing companies, but also be equally achieved across sectors in Malaysia public listed companies.

The correctional process in Russian penitentiary institutions during the performance of criminal penalties is organized through the implementation of the basic means of convict correction, which include regime, socially useful work, educational work, general education, vocational training, as well as social impact. This complex procedure is quite diverse. The mechanism of correction also affects not only the norms of the penal enforcement legislation, but also the norms of the criminal as well as the criminal procedure laws. More than 20 years have even passed since the introduction of Criminal-Procedural Code of the Russian Federation. During this period, the socio-political and economic situation of Russian state has changed. So, in particular, crime has transformed its characteristics. The modern realities of life also compel the state and the legislator to search for new adequate and effective forms and legal instruments that allow for an effective corrective impact on individuals serving a sentence of imprisonment. In this respect, the authors paid attention to the importance of convict safety provision during the period of a criminal penalty. In addition, the article revealed the main theoretical approaches to the definition of convict correction degree and the problem of criterion establishment for its evaluation.

In our hypothesis the defense budget must reduce the traditional threat and influence the economic. This research would like to see if the defense spending will influence the national economics through economic growth by demand side approach. By assuming the natural balance of power, the traditional threat come not only from military capabilities but also balanced by their economic power. The equation model formed to capture the influence of defense spending to economics growth. The regression describes that military spending had an impact on economic growth. Increase in the level of traditional threat is not reduce economic growth. The Indonesian defense budget give impact on the national economics, and the traditional threat is in small variation. But, the national defense budget still needs to be increased. This makes production could be stable, and the economic actors still feel safe doing the business.

The present study aimed to analyze the code-switching. The paper focused on functions which motivated code switching in social life and Instagram pages. Data was collected from Instagram pages of Tatar celebrities from the beginning of January till the end of March 2018 (more that 700 posts were analyzed). The author concluded that the code-switching (CS) was very common among multi or bilinguals who switched between different languages for communication with each other. The literature review was performed on the world science, described the development, establishment and history of both Russian and foreign sciences, examples of real-life situations facing by modern people. The authors came to a conclusion that the most common functions for study were “phatic switching” and “referring to habitual expressions”. In this regard, the following methods were used: analysis of problem based on the study of linguistic, philosophical, psychological, pedagogical, cultural, and methodological literature. Authors hope that research materials may be useful worldwide by educators and researchers who are involved in the professional linguistic research and training.

This study was aimed to find out: (1) whether the use of collaborative writing method is more effective than the use of metacognitive writing method in the teaching of writing ability, (2) whether the use of collaborative writing method is more effective than the use of conventional writing method, (3) whether the use of metacognitive writing method is more effective than the use of conventional writing method, (4) the most effective method among collaborative writing method, metacognitive writing method, and conventional writing method in the teaching writing ability. This study was a quasi-experimental research. The data were collected from 108 students of secondary school in February-March 2018 in Yogyakarta. The sample of the study was the students of Muhammadiyah School in Yogyakarta which were determined by using cluster simple random sampling. There were four hypotheses of this study and the research findings revealed that the hypotheses were accepted. It was indicated by all of the Sig values which were lower than the level of significance (0.05).

In the present paper the monitoring implementation was considered in systemic and process approaches where monitoring is integrated into controlling and planning functions respectively. Shortcomings of this integration were identified. The process approach was currently used in the public administration, but the monitoring quality could not be described as high. It was proved that the integration with organizing function was necessary for the indicative management. This statement was based on monitoring place in the overall indicative management system and its methodological basis including the concept of monitoring, object and subject of research, its goals and functions. The research identified target, structural and functional focus of monitoring in relation to the public sector organizations indicative management.

The collapse of prominent companies coupled with the increasing number of lawsuits against the directors of the companies for wrongdoing has raised concerns with insider trading activities. Insider trading does cause significant market reaction, whereby the insiders are able to earn significant cumulative abnormal returns for both purchases and sales. However, studies on the factors influencing insider trading are relatively scarce. This study aims to examine the factors that influence insider trading activities. Specifically, this study examines the relationship between four corporate governance factors, namely, board independence, board size, executive compensation and ownership concentration and insider trading activities in public listed companies in Malaysia. This study evinces that board size and executive compensation significantly influence insider purchases. On the other hand, significant market reaction caused by insider sales may be explained by other factors. Therefore, future studies could be carried out on other factors that may influence opportunistic insider sales. This study also found evidence against the semi-strong form Efficient Market Hypothesis theory that suggests insiders cannot earn abnormal returns in a semi-strong efficient market using public information.

The preset paper aimed to analyze the latest trends in a modern ethno-cultural life in two districts of Ulyanovsk region. Empirical basis of research included interviews and statistical data as well as publications in this field. All respondents mentioned a general increase of interest in the national culture among the population especially after the USSR collapse. However, it was mostly appeared in the responses of the Mordovians, the Chuvash and partly the Tatars. There was a significant aspiration to learn and thoroughly understand cultures of areas among the Russians. Nevertheless, this tendency is often neglected with obliteration of ethnic particularity in ethnos as a concern of some experts. The author believes that national villages, schools and in some cases the administration of national districts are centers of preservation and popularization of traditional culture. Traditional sport is a way of national cultures’ revival. In general, rural municipalities represent a role model for the tolerance even comparing with the multinational Middle Volga region that is especially noticeable among the youth. The interest in religion is also growing throughout the region. Christians are the greatest number of believers. The author assumed that the interest in "national" and "religious" aspects often had a distinctive characteristic indicating the process of irregularities of ethno-cultural and religious revival in the region.

This article was devoted to the comparative analysis of modality in English, Spanish, and Tatar proverbs. The topicality of the research was determined by the fact that modality was one of the most complex and contradictory concepts, from a variety of different interpretations. The topic of this article was relevant to modern linguistics for revealing the features and the structure of modality in proverbs of English, Spanish and Tatar languages. General and particular types with the use of modality of proverbs had been allocated in the article. The types of classifications of proverbs were also identified. On the basic of the results of the study of proverbs in English, Spanish and Tatar languages are presented in the article. Article submissions, the results of the research are of interest for scientists studying the modality of proverbs in English, Spanish and Tatar languages. The results could be also used both when studying intercultural processes and by culture experts, philologists, ethnologists and others groups interaction and analyzing cultural and research issues and processes of the studying languages.

At the moment, small agricultural businesses operating in the Republic (limited liability partnerships, production cooperatives, peasant (farming) economies) need a more efficient regulatory framework regulating the organization of accounting and reporting according to their specificity. Their accounting should be simple, but at the same time it should allow obtaining complete and reliable information about ongoing processes in their current economic activity to operationally manage these processes. The article shows the study results, stipulates the reasonability of applying the simplified accounting and reporting model. It is shown that these problems can practically be solved by developing certain accounting registers and financial reporting forms that meet the requirements of the national legislation and allow most fully taking into account the economic activities of small agricultural businesses.

The article deals with the specific features of implementing the social state principles in the tax law of Russia and other countries, first of all, the European Union, within the context of the digital economy development. In particular, the article focuses on the manifestations of the principles of social justice and social and economic equality in forming and implementing the state tax and legal policy, including during the periods of economic crises. The following methods were used in the research: the statistical and comparative legal methods, as well as the method of legal modeling implemented in applying the general theoretical model of using legal means in tax and legal regulation. We made the conclusion that tax, and legal stimuli were the most important social- and innovation-oriented legal means in implementing the state tax and legal policy within the context of the digital economy. Besides, developing the stimulating function of taxation will encourage further implementation of citizens’ social and economic rights and innovative activity in the age of digitalization.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of cultural intelligence towards international students’ satisfaction in Malaysia IHLs. Cultural intelligence is still a relatively new concept especially with the international students who are pursuing their study in Malaysia IHLs. Based on the thorough review of previous studies, this paper intensely depends on the cultural intelligence towards international students’ satisfaction on services that provided for them. Design/Methodology – This current study will discuss or focus specifically on international students’ satisfaction who are pursuing their studies in Malaysia IHLs. The researcher will highlight the new interesting topic on CQ which is related with international students in this country. The implication for future research, discussion, and overall conclusion are also presented at the end of the paper. Finding – As the conclusion, the researcher has proposed the framework which conceptualizes the independent variable which is CQ and it’s become the major contributor to the satisfaction among international students in Malaysia IHLs. Furthermore, the management also needs to know whether international students are successfully adjusted and fit with the pristine environment while pursuing their higher education in this country. Addressing the problem of cultural differences in the learning process is very important among international students. Hence, the cultural intelligence (CQ) can help and lead the international students to deal with cross-cultural complexities. Satisfied students will promote the IHLs by positive word of mouth (WOM) which will affect the institution’s reputation. However, to satisfy customers from different background and different culture will be even more difficult. Therefore, it is very crucial for the IHLs in Malaysia particularly to identify whether the international students are fully satisfied with their needs and wants as well as the services that provided to them.

The purpose of this study was to establish a sustainable balanced scorecard for the selected population with the inclusion of resources, objectives, indicators, measures, issues, and dimensions of the sustainability of Iraqi universities using the philosophy of strategic planning following a scientific and modern manner. Through the diagnosis of strengths and weaknesses following the use of the proposed treatment, the card was designed to improve the efficiency of the resources at the Faculty of Management and Economics in Mustansiriya University. The study concluded that what was needed to ensure the assessment of the performance and the integration of the dimensions of sustainability was no longer in accordance with the modern methods and techniques. Also, the most important part of the planning process of the Faculty of Management and Economics was to identify the strengths and weaknesses of their positions, compare the actual reality of the quality standards of higher education organizations, and improve the efficiency of their resources.

The term Non-Profit Organization (NPO) has a negative connotation in modern Russia. This is primarily due to the 2012-law on foreign agent NPOs that may result in the ever-increasing hypertrophy of the state and atrophy of society. However, what can the history offer in such a situation? As a rule, historians refer to analogous cases in other historical periods in order to better understand what is happening in the society. Therefore, authors of the present research focused on this issue particularly the period of the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. It also focused on social organizations (voluntary organizations) in the late 19th to the early 20th century in the Russian Empire and rexcognized them as NPOs. It is not decisive to study results of the historical experience of how non-profit organizations functioned in the Russian Empire in the late 19th to the early 20th century. At first glance, it may seem that authors are seeking to modernize the term “voluntary organizations” and violate principles of applying historical terminology (since the term NPO was not used in Russia at that time). Similarly, the fact that such organizations became widespread in late pre-revolutionary Russia and did not pursue profit-making or the distribution of profits among their members allowed us to define them as NPOs of the 19th century.

Strategic risk management helps sports professionals in controlling, avoiding and minimizing the risk of accidents and injuries in sports. This strategic management affects the personality, cognitive, and individual emotional features in managing risks. Developed countries like Australia and the United Kingdom have adopted standardized sports risk strategic management strategies. This indicates that organizations that offer or implement sports programs or activities require sports professionals such as administrators, sports instructors or instructors who have the basic competence of SRSM in a knowledgeable aspect, that is clear and skilled theories and philosophies and has the necessary attributes of the attitude to handle program. This study was conducted for the exploration of sport risk strategic management (ESRSM) elements. This study focuses on the dominant SRSM. This study also confirmed whether the resulting element was an element in determining the SRSM criteria. In determining the element, the Classic Test Theory (CTT) using qualitative methods through two approaches is used (i) based on the analysis of the documents by making a literature review decision; and (ii) interviews. Rasch’s model element analysis using the main component analysis on residuals is used in this study to ascertain and validate elements or elements. It is possible to determine the construcibility of constructs to identify the possibility that other elements may affect the element. Based on the findings from document analysis and interviews show the dominant elements and dimensions of the SRSM of sports professionals, is the identification, assessment, selection and implementation of operations. With this SRSM it can improve the safe sports environment and can improve sports performance. Through the analysis of the elements conducted, it is found that all the elements produced have met the criteria set by the Rasch model, the percentage of the raw variance is explained by the measurement of more than 40%, the percentage of variance not explained in the first contrast is less than 10% and the first value of the first eigen less than 3.0. This proves and confirms that the whole extract is unidimensional and capable of measuring what to measure. In conclusion through this study, elements have been produced and validated as the dominant SRSM elements and no other dominant elements are detected.

The present paper described an attempt to analyze the use of transformed phraseological units (PUs) in media texts in English and Russian. The considered problems in this work were as follows: detection and analysis of semantics and its structure of transformed phraseological units; allocation of features of using such PUs in the context; and investigating functions of such PUs in media texts. Semantic, grammatical, component and contextual aspects of using such phraseological units were analyzed in the present research. It aimed to reveal phraseological paradigm while reading and translating transformed PUs in media texts within two remote cognates. The paper presented the analysis and comparison of such linguistic systems as semantic macro and micro structures of PUs in English and Russian. The meaning of a PU presents a combination of two major macro components: signification of denotation and connotation. The semantic analysis of PUs gives us a fundamental understanding of existence of such micro components of meaning as values, emotion, expressivity, functioning in the context within the whole structure of meaning. These points are young and new. This is essential for our purposes. Revealing and understanding the use of transformed PUs is a case of great practical interest. The analysis indicated that there were common and different features within two remote cognates when we read and translated phraseological transformations in the mass media texts in native and foreign languages. The important point was the investigation and realization of peculiarities of such phraseological levels with vital roles in the process of translation and communication. These observations highlight the need for further investigation of these points. The outcomes of transformed PUs in the context of mass media are numerous and active in the use both in English and Russian but in different extent.

The revealed managerial capabilities of prospects to develop the modern production facilities’ potential in order to ensure flexibility and adaptability to the growing demands from the market and consumers allow to propose a system of general assumptions in the methodology for managing science-driven high-tech production. Focus on the accelerated implementation of science-driven projects, possibility of improving technological processes and products to create competitive advantages of Russian products, which in turn will lead to the neutralization of threats and the development of modern management of science-driven high-tech industries, are an incomplete list of arguments in favor of changes in the existing system of strategic management of industrial enterprises in Russia. At the same time, it must be noted that the introduction of processes to improve the system of strategic management at Russian industrial enterprises has been severely limited in time since the gap in the pace of innovation and competitiveness between enterprises in Russia and developed countries is increasing.

The present study aims to investigate the interactive role of organizational learning in the relationship between modest leadership and the employee green strategy. In order to achieve the objectives of the study we collected data from commercial banks working in Muthanna Governorate (al-Rafidain, Al-Rasheed). In total 119 responses were collected from employees at different levels (Director, associate director, head of Department, Division manager, employee) of organization. The study found the most important conclusion that the indirect influence of organizational learning as an interactive role with the modest leadership in the behavior of green workers. The study recommends utmost need to develop modest leadership to motivate the employees toward green behavior. Further, this study draws useful insights for future research and recommendations for policy makers.

The goal of the article is to make a theoretical and legal description of the administrative and procedural mechanism of interbudget lending for subjects of the Russian Federation as a method of budgetary sustainability. This mechanism is considered as a set of two subsystems that combine normative modes of lending to regions. The first subsystem is lending to partially cover deficit in the Russian subject’s budget. The second subsystem is lending to replenish the balances of funds on the accounts of the Russian subjects’ budgets. The stages of managerial activity of authorized federal bodies and public authorities of Russian subjects in the area of interbudget lending, as well as the purpose of this activity are defined. Such methods of study as analysis, synthesis, comparative-legal and statistic have been used.

Every country around the world has regarded its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth as extremely vital in order to pursue continuous development and advancement needed for its nation. Thus, this paper aims to examine the relationships between five macro variables, particularly, population, gross fixed capital formation, labor force participation, government expenditure on health and education, and real GDP in Malaysia. Accordingly, this study employs annual time series data from 1987 to 2016. The analysis is then explained in terms of two categories, economic and statistical criteria. The findings reveal that population and gross fixed capital formation are positively related to GDP. Therefore, they are important factors in explaining higher GDP. Meanwhile, the other factors do not essentially contribute to GDP growth and negatively related to each other, respectively. Based on the result, other variables should be added in the future so as responsible parties and authorities could have taken steps or implement strategies to ensure the stability economic growth are achieved. In addition, future study should touch on the econometric criteria such as OLS regression and Granger causality study into its discussion for more elaborate and in-depth findings.

This research study aims to assess the face validity and reliability of the construct of skills set and explore quantitatively a small sample of data on the determinants of performance of MEs in Punjab, Pakistan. The survey method approach was adopted to collect the data from MEs’ owners or managers through 41 usable questionnaires and adopted the stratified random sampling method. Therefore, validity and reliability of the instruments were examined through panel of experts from industry and academia and also small sample of the data analysed by using SPSS version 23.0 for Mac. While, results confirmed the reliability and face validity of the adapted instruments in the pilot study.

One of the major problems in learning statistics is due to the learning decontextualized from the real world experience. The students are unable to apply statistical knowledge learnt in real world upon completion of the course. The authentic learning is viewed as a favourable approach in statistics delivery to overcome the problem. However, implementing authentic learning in online platform can be extremely resource intensive and costly to develop. Therefore this paper looked into an innovative and cost effective approach to incorporate the nine critical characteristics of Authentic Learning Model by Herrington and Oliver (2000), underpinned by Vygotsky (1978) Social Development Theory and Lave and Wenger (1991) Situated Learning Theory to develop an online authentic learning environment (OnALE) that foster students’ knowledge construction in learning inferential statistics among non-statistics major undergraduates. This environment is established in a social learning network, Edmodo by incorporating Web 2.0 technologies. Perception survey done indicates that OnALE assisted students learning.

The measurement of image in the banking sector is important especially to understand customer’s perception towards the bank service. However, the available scales measuring the image of banks are mainly based on the conventional institutions, which neglect the important Islamic values adopted by Islamic bank. As such, this study proposes to develop a reliable and valid scale to measure the functional component of the corporate brand image for Islamic banking institutions. Based on the available literatures and interviews with relevant stakeholders, a modified scale is suggested. The result of EFA and CFA shows that the functional image of an Islamic brand could be divided into four dimensions which are contact personnel, shariah advisory panel, access to service, and service offerings. The results provide a tool that could be used by banking management to measure the bank image.

This study aims to describe: 1) the problems the school experienced in implementing the Curriculum 2013 in the context of religious foundation; 2) the principal’s view of the Curriculum 2013 implementation. 3) The roles performed by the principal as a leader in the implementation of the Curriculum 2013, and 4) the strategy carried out by the principal as a leader in the framework of the successful implementation of the Curriculum 2013. This study uses a qualitative approach using a case study research describe the effective leadership in excellence school. Data and all information then discussed with all participants (by purposive sampling) through forum group discussion. The last analysis of the findings then approached by combining with literatures review. The key informant in this study is the principals and teachers. Data was collected through participatory observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research found that there were four dominant leadership played by the principal in realizing effective schools, they are spiritual leadership, change leadership, instructional leadership, and entrepreneurial leadership. Spiritual leadership become a major motive for the principal to make a lot of changes in optimizing the instructional goals development through a lot of entrepreneurship values.

This article was devoted to the study of the specifics of national language thinking by representatives of different linguistic cultures in the nomination of complex nouns. The research was based on cognitive analysis, supported by the methods of semantic identification; descriptive-analytical and comparative. The quantitative method of material processing was used as required. A systematic approach to the study of compounds with the same denotative meaning in different languages needed the postulation of a meta-language, which could be a criterion for assessing a language in the light of its philological specificity. The peculiarities of cognitive comprehension of identical concepts and phenomena of the surrounding reality were revealed in the course of studying the relations of equivalence, continuity, inclusion, intersection, mixing, refinement, and contraindication, established between the CSOM components. The material of the work and the results of the study could also serve as a basis for further research in this area, in the practice of teaching English, German and Tatar languages among the English-language audience, and used in courses especially those in lexicology, comparative philology, cognitive semantics, as well as lexicographical practice.

Writing is a complicated psycholinguistic process of generating messages. It is determined by the writers’ personality, their communicative and cognitive needs, target settings for upcoming types of written messages, and the audiences for which the written speech is created.The present paper provided an absolutely new and original approach to writing teaching in the EFL class. Concepts of writing and free writing were investigated in order to differentiate recognized writing techniques from offered technique: Teaching free writing in the English and Russians. It was preceded from the classical model of automatic writing by Myers (1885) and the free writing strategy by Elbow (1998). Our newly elaborated technique had some common features with both of the above mentioned teaching techniques, but it differed in what English language learners had to write without stopping through using both languages: their mother and target languages.The research aimed to develop teaching tips based on free writing in Eng-Rus techniques that are recommended to be implemented for teaching English to beginners. Findings can be considered by English teachers of elementary and secondary schools, and adult English learners at the elementary level.

Deviations of children behavior is now significantly important and is associated with the system-wide society crisis. The distortion of cultural and spiritual foundations, the decline of social regulation, and unfavorable social trends affect adolescents. Due to an uncontrolled increase in various social pathology forms (drug addiction, prostitution, and alcoholism), and low number of standards of moral relations, there is a need to investigate the rehabilitation features of the individual deviant behavior which can be solved through effective works by teachers, psychologists and sociologists. Modern information about the problem of individual deviant behavior is presented in various fields of science: medicine, psychology, pedagogy, sociology, and law. According to the medicine, the deviant behavior includes actions, gestures committed in forms of neuropsychiatric pathology. Clinical approach studies the psychopathological nature of deviance. Psychologists focus on the intrapersonal nature of this phenomenon (Akbarova, 2015). Sociology, in the subsection deviantology, studies this problem according to individual social deviations (Akkuzova et al., 2018). Modern "encyclopedia of criminology and deviant behavior" treats the deviance as a violation of human rights (Becker, 1966). Pedagogy characterizes the deviant behavior as a negative deviation in the human behavior contrary to accepted legal and moral norms in the society. All presented approaches naturally complement each other. The present scientific paper presented results of theoretical research and aimed study features of pedagogical rehabilitation in teenagers with deviant behavior by means of the hip-hop culture. Analysis of results revealed a significant educational potential of hip-hop culture in working with deviant teenagers. Hip-hop, as an influential youth culture, has a great impact on teenagers’ inner world helping them to overcome the inner disharmony and adopt universal values.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of cultural intelligence towards international students’ satisfaction in Malaysia IHLs. Cultural intelligence is still a relatively new concept especially with the international students who are pursuing their study in Malaysia IHLs. Based on the thorough review of previous studies, this paper intensely depends on the cultural intelligence towards international students’ satisfaction on services that provided for them. Design/Methodology – This current study will discuss or focus specifically on international students’ satisfaction who are pursuing their studies in Malaysia IHLs. The researcher will highlight the new interesting topic on CQ which is related with international students in this country. The implication for future research, discussion, and overall conclusion are also presented at the end of the paper. Finding – As the conclusion, the researcher has proposed the framework which conceptualizes the independent variable which is CQ and it’s become the major contributor to the satisfaction among international students in Malaysia IHLs. Furthermore, the management also needs to know whether international students are successfully adjusted and fit with the pristine environment while pursuing their higher education in this country. Addressing the problem of cultural differences in the learning process is very important among international students. Hence, the cultural intelligence (CQ) can help and lead the international students to deal with cross-cultural complexities. Satisfied students will promote the IHLs by positive word of mouth (WOM) which will affect the institution’s reputation. However, to satisfy customers from different background and different culture will be even more difficult. Therefore, it is very crucial for the IHLs in Malaysia particularly to identify whether the international students are fully satisfied with their needs and wants as well as the services that provided to them.

The paper deals with the problem of scientific discourse about social management and the need to monitor the social sphere. The paper states the need for monitoring the social sphere on the basis of sociological analysis. The monitoring of the social sphere is an important component of the quality of public administration and local self-government. The results of the study demonstrate the change in the quality of life of the Northern regions of Russia in the conditions of transformations of public institutions, the importance of socio-cultural identities, the level and quality of life. The research task was focused on the economic evaluation of the social well-being of the population of the Komi Republic, the social positions of the Komi and Russian ethnic groups regarding the economic crisis and its consequences for the economic and social spheres of the region. Currently, the social management of the region largely depends on the formal and informal relations of public authorities and corporate business. The Republic of Komi is a stable social and territorial community, according to ethnic, religious and other reasons. Despite socio-economic difficulties, every fifth respondent estimates interethnic relations in the republic as good ones. The research shows a direct connection between the assessment of the socioeconomic situation and the mood of people. The financial standing of the respondents is also directly dependent on education: the lower the educational level, the lower the incomes and financial standing. The analysis shows that the young generation (18-34) is the most optimistic about the social and economic situation in the region and more likely to believe that the mood of people and the social well-being of citizens have improved in recent years.

Nowadays, PowerPoint is becoming more common to be used in education throughout the world, including in an English classroom in Indonesia. One thing that must be considered before implementation of PowerPoint in English classroom in Indonesia is the students’ attitudes towards PowerPoint, since it may influence their learning. This research attempted to investigate Indonesian students’ attitudes towards the PowerPoint’s influence on their learning and their instructors’ performance in an English classroom in Indonesia. Also, the difference between male and female students in terms of their attitudes towards PowerPoint on those aspects was also investigated. The literature review of this research focused on attitudes and its influence of students’ learning and students’ attitudes towards PowerPoint usage in education. This research used the quantitative approach and utilized questionnaire to gather the data. The participants of this study were the students of Universitas Satya Negara Indonesia (USNI), a private university in Jakarta, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney U test. The results of this research indicated that in general, participants showed positive attitudes towards PowerPoint’s influence on their learning and their instructors’ performance in an English classroom. Also, no significant difference between male and female students in terms of their attitudes towards PowerPoint’s influence on those aspects. Those results may encourage English teachers and lecturers in Indonesia to utilize PowerPoint in their classroom due to the positive attitudes of the students towards it.

This article shed light on language training of bilingual and trilingual children, relationship between bilingualism / trilingualism and cognitive development, and also general principles of language teaching in multilingual regions. In the neuroscience of the last decade, it has been shown that bilingualism and multilinguism positively affect brain development and slow down the onset of cognitive decline; but, according to available scientific data, there is no significant difference in neuropsychological status of bilingual and trilingual children. Most of modern societies are increasingly characterized as multilingual. Linguists underline that modern linguistics has moved towards trilingualism and even multilingualism from bilingualism. This situation raises new questions about strategies for language teaching of bilingual and trilingual children. The most effective methods of language training for multilinguals nowadays match with methods for bilinguals that are presented predominantly by communicative approach, transcultural learning, methods of active listening, and those for overcoming lexico-semantic interference. The extent and the content of input in bilingual and trilingual development also significantly influence the positive effect of bilingual and multilingual education.

The presence of women as legislators in the Aceh legislative assembly began to rise again after the end of conflict in Aceh that almost 30 years. The gait of Aceh women who are involved in politics and become legislators have begun to arise again, women have filled political spaces in Aceh. This study intends to examine how women legislators features as political communicators in the Aceh legislative assembly. The research method used in this study is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observation and documentation. The study found that the features of Acehnese women legislators as political communicators in the legislative assembly can be found from the peculiarities, uniqueness of Acehnese women legislators consisting of former combatants / sympathizers of the Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka/GAM), and everything that connected to the women in legislative assembly such; women legislative profiles, background education, religious symbols that are inherent in themselves in carrying out their activities as legislators. The conclusion is that the presence of women legislators in the Aceh legislative assembly from various backgrounds made Aceh’s local parliament more colorful, more dynamic and harmonious. For legislators who are former combatants / sympathizers of GAM, the Struggle which was formerly in arms, but now with rhetoric in parliament.

Anthony Burgess (1917-1993) was an English author of intellectual novels and serious musical works. As a talented and an inventive person, he was very interested in art and its creative processes. Anthony Burgess’s artistic creativity concept can be traced in most of his works on fictional and non-fictional writers (e.g. William Shakespeare, John Keats and Christopher Marlowe in novels titled nothing Like the Sun: A Story of Shakespeare’s Love Life respectively). The present paper analyzed the image of artist on the basis of Enderby novels, and a tetralogy about a contemporary fictional English poet named Enderby. The analysis indicated that the artist was a craftsman, whose artistic activity was closely connected with his sexual attraction, in Anthony Burgess’s opinion. Furthermore, the author was characterized by the isolation as the main condition for the creative process and the total devotion to art.

The objectives of this research were to determine how the front and backstage behind a bissu is and to investigate the self-presentation of bissu among societies in South Sulawesi. This research applied qualitative explorative with dramaturgy approach with 9 bissu as the informants disseminated in four regencies in South Sulawesi. The data were collected through observation, interview and documentation, and were analyzed using an interactive model with data validity checking techniques and triangulation. The result shows that based on their physical appearance, behaviour, and attitude within social environment in the front stage, bissu are loyal and obedient towards norms and values prevailed within societies through their roles as a priest of ancient Bugis. Meanwhile, their backstage which gets less attention of values and norms enables them to meet their financial needs, sex, and self-existence as calabai (waria) who still desire for a guy. Self-presentation as a bissu and beyond “calabai” (waria) shows the difference of each informant in managing roles and self-impression they want to display and perceive both in the front and in the back stage.

The present paper substantiated the need to analyze the implementation of measures to increase the labor productivity in companies in accordance with strategic objectives of businesses. It defined possibilities of using instruments of financial mathematics for the creation of analytical information on changes in the net profit, net present value, discounted payback period, and the profitability index of costs. It considered measures to increase labor productivity within the framework of the lean manufacturing concept. Economic calculations were carried out to determine the effectiveness of introduction of the individual lean production elements in one of the largest Russian oil companies: The introduction of small-scale mechanization and the integration of round checks; and the utilization of the fund standardization and visualization. Practical aspects of determining the effectiveness of measures aimed to increase the labor productivity based on principles of the production. It analyzed the impact of measures to increase the labor productivity on key technical and economic indices of the company’s activity: Increase in the oil production and growth in sales proceeds due to the reduction in downtime, changes in the number of personnel, and reduction in oil losses. The main approaches to the formation of efficiency criteria were identified: The analysis of using labor resources and the evaluation of efficiency of obtaining general income and profits that allowed developing and making managerial decisions.

Language is a mirror which reflects the public social consciousness. It describes a nation system of values and helps to express a person’s viewpoint. It might be politically correct or incorrect. In this regard, the research questions are “What utterance is politically correct?” and “What is political correctness?” We adhered to the following definition of the term "political correctness": It is used to describe languages, policies, or measures that are intended to avoid offense or disadvantage for members of particular groups in the society. The present research defined the political correctness as a linguistic category and described language means of its expression. Our standpoint is as follows: it is significantly important to teach students to speak politically correct. The research aimed to implement innovative approaches to teach the political correctness in the English classroom. Teaching tips were offered with the aim to teach the political correctness that can be applied at upper-intermediate/advanced levels of students’ proficiency in EFL class. Research materials can be recommended for English learners. Findings of research can serve as general recommendations for faculty members and students at universities.

This study aims to identify the level of instructional leadership practice among headmasters in three states in the Southern Region of Malaysia which are Negeri Sembilan, Melaka and Johor. This quantitative research uses survey research design by using instructional leadership questionnaire (ILQ). The alpha Cronbach value of the pilot study for this questionnaire is .962. 390 teachers were involved in this study and they were chosen through cluster sampling from simple random samples. Statistical analysis for this research had used the software IBM SPSS Statistics version 22. This research found that the headmasters in the Southern Region of Malaysia are practicing instructional leadership at medium high level, in which all three dimensions recorded the mean score value between 3.796 to 3.965. To conclude, instructional leadership has been practiced in the Southern Region schools in driving the school towards achieving the targeted vision and mission.

There is an extensive field of research on the psychology of creativity in Russia. The relevance of research problem lies in the following cases: The modern system of higher education in Russia does not suit ways of acquiring "ready-made" knowledge, and society needs of professionals who are able to think creatively, and independently put and solve the most unexpected problems. The creative individuality problem is interwoven with the formation of individual creative style of activity.The present paper aimed to analyze the musical-pedagogical activity and subsequent separation of the content of individual creative activity style of a music teacher at a secondary school. The paper results were as follows: to identify professional and personal qualities, criteria and content of the individual creative style of musical-pedagogical activity. It was sought to answer whether it was possible to form an individual creative style of music teacher’s activities at the university.The paper can be useful for researcher of the creativity problem, training music teachers in pedagogical institutes and universities, and all those interested in investigating problems of music psychology and pedagogy.

The problem of food security has traditionally been at the centre of attention of domestic and foreign economic science and practice. It was connected with the challenges of world development and the growth of global contradictions. One of the most important areas of study of food security is the modelling of this socio-economic process. When making management decisions, not only expert, but also mathematical methods are used. The most common form of mathematical methods is economic and mathematical modelling. It is generally accepted, that mathematical model is a representation of certain processes, which occur in a real object, and are described using mathematical theorems, formulas and symbols. The essence of economic and mathematical modelling consists in the description of socio-economic systems and processes, in the form of economic and mathematical models. Based on the linear programming methods, the economic-mathematical model of food security has been developed in this paper, taking into account the specifics of the region, gender of the subject, his type of activity, lifestyle and age characteristics. This model helps to determine the optimal nutrition structure, which is a determining factor of food security. Cost minimization is the objective function in this model. Developed model of the structure of nutrition of population in the region is considered on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan of the Russian Federation.

This study aims to identify the level of instructional leadership practice among headmasters in three states in the Southern Region of Malaysia which are Negeri Sembilan, Melaka and Johor. This quantitative research uses survey research design by using instructional leadership questionnaire (ILQ). The alpha Cronbach value of the pilot study for this questionnaire is .962. 390 teachers were involved in this study and they were chosen through cluster sampling from simple random samples. Statistical analysis for this research had used the software IBM SPSS Statistics version 22. This research found that the headmasters in the Southern Region of Malaysia are practicing instructional leadership at medium high level, in which all three dimensions recorded the mean score value between 3.796 to 3.965. To conclude, instructional leadership has been practiced in the Southern Region schools in driving the school towards achieving the targeted vision and mission.

Business support infrastructure facilities were introduced into the practice of Russian state management due to the increasing need to change the development guideline, the increasing share of innovative and high-tech products in the gross product structure, and also in connection with the search for new growth points for highly differentiated regions of the Russian Federation. The formation of such territories with special economic regimes was designed to ensure the stability of the socio-economic situation of the regions, to ensure a positive dynamics of key indicators of their competitiveness, to attract additional domestic and foreign investment in the economy and, as a result, to give new impetus to development and access to new markets for technological products. The created territories with special economic regimes are designed not only to ensure the implementation of the stated targets, but also to become impulses for the development of regions by increasing their investment attractiveness. In order to ensure the stated goals for residents of special territories, a list of key performance indicators and threshold values are generated, the provision of which is the primary obligation for each project. However, the achievement of these indicators and their qualitative monitoring are still difficult issues for both residents and project initiators, as well as for public authorities.

The article deals with a cluster method usage in the English language teaching. The study focused on the influence of this method on the process of teaching English terminology on Business Informatics. Using empirical method the work with two groups of students from Kazan Federal University was organized in order to ensure the reliability of the study. The results of the experiment are given. The efficiency of the cluster method as a method of teaching English terminology on Business Informatics is shown. Materials of the article can be useful for enrichment foreign language teaching methodology and pedagogy.

The purpose of this paper is to share the conceptual overview of the role that Islamic modes of finance can play in the reduction of poverty. The underpinning principles of Islamic finance modes is the adherence of Islamic values and to promote economic and social justice in the society. This study is aimed at providing insights on the prevailing poverty reduction strategies and their respective impact on poverty eradicate alongside proposing an alternative Islamic model of poverty reduction. For this purpose, the present study overviews the existing literature and textual analysis of the subject to emphasize the significance of poverty as an issue around the globe along with the critical review of the strategies currently considered to eradicate poverty. Poverty has now been emerged as a global phenomenon, which is common across many nations and, perhaps, not surprisingly, a tough challenge to governments and community development-oriented organizations which have been striving to eradicate. The present paper is, therefore, an effort to propose a possible alternative approach for poverty reduction. Subsequently, some discussion has been made on the application of Islamic approaches of welfare and poverty reduction. Islam, as a religion, encourages healthy competition, private ownership, and allows demand and supply rule of working independently. Islamic approach to poverty reduction has multiple facets and it is aimed at reducing the gap between haves and have not’s through optimum circulation of wealth in the economy and by restricting capital to generate capital and allowing other factors of production along with the risk of loss to play their due role. Keeping in view the prevailing models of poverty reduction and critical evaluation of these models, the study has proposed Islamic modes of finance as a workable plan to reduce poverty and spread social justice in the society.

The article is dedicated to a multi-stage research focused on implementation of psycho-pedagogical approach contributing to positive and smooth adaptation of first-year students to university studies at the Foreign Language classes in a new study group. Factors providing such adaptation and integration are determined. Selected techniques aimed at development of intragroup relations and roles, as well as at stimulating educational and cognitive process are observed. Unstandardized interviews with the students of one study group who joined the research as participants on volunteer and anonymous basis, proved to be the best research tool at the initial stage of observation. Among the findings there are the vitality of trust-based relationships between students and a teacher, as well as teacher’s concerns in students’ academic achievements and soft skills. During the first academic year two more stages of the research were held. The first of which involved use of selected teaching methods and patterns facilitating personal integration of students into the group work. Namely, preparation and making solo and small-group presentations on various topics within the curriculum; intra- and inter-group conferences, contests and panel discussions on the selected topics. The final stage is dedicated to collecting the results of adaptation by two psychological techniques - Composite Roles and Group Cohesion Index. Among the results of the research we can emphasize the utmost importance of joint work with groupmates at curricular and extracurricular events, creating conditions stimulating all students work as a complete whole pursuing similar goals and sharing similar values- the activities permitting complete integration of student beginners to successful learning.

Basic computer skills are essentials for students in higher education to achieve. This study was a research and development (R&D) of a flipped-blended instructional model for Computer Application Courses. The study followed Steps of System Approach Model of Educational Research and Development by Gall, Gall, and Borg. In a flipped-blended instructional model, students watched online instructional video before class and then practice to it through taks and problems in the classroom with the guidance of a lecturer. The model was developed and evaluated by experts and students. Six experts were involved to evaluate this model. According to the experts the model was valid and ready to use. Pre test and post test were conducted to see the effectiveness of the model and the result was an increase in learning outcomes which meant the model was effective to improve students’ performance.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is an umbrella term for China’s plans to re-establish both the overland Silk Route Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Route. It has gained the support of over 100 countries and international organizations and until now, more than 40 of them have signed cooperation agreements with China. Although BRI is an open, diversified and win-win project poised to bring huge opportunities for the development of China and many other countries, to a certain level, it has been seen by some economists, scholars, political and academic pundits as a new form of colonialism. This paper intends to summarize and integrate the literature that provides arguments for and against China’s initiative to lead economic development, notably infrastructure investments, involving countries located along the route of her traditional land and maritime silk trade. By reviewing literature which links China’s leadership initiative from the perspective of globalization, global business competition and colonialism, we hope to furnish information and an analytical basis which are useful to support a better understanding and policy making for BRI partners. Fundamentally, a win-win situation is seen to be vital in such partnership.

The aim of this study is to propose a vision on how to achieve high level of food self-sufficiency in light of the available resources, expect ed future changes and future needs. This study defines the major driving forces that will improve the food security in Egypt based on data and economic indicators of wheat during the period (1995- 2015-16). A system dynamics model was built to present the process of imports, demand and consumption of wheat in Egypt, through monitoring the increase in population undernourishment, and filling the gap between the desired quantity and the supply of wheat. Finally, sets of policies were formulated and suggested to improve food security in 2030, which are presented in the improvement of land management and productivity, increase of individual income, decrease of population growth, and building a strategic inventory of wheat for solving the problems of local supply.

Phraseological and parameological units being specific units of the language contain cultural information about the history, traditions and everyday life of the people speaking the language. Very often this information is encoded with the help of words used in symbolic meaning. One can observe utilizing zoomorphic and floristic components in this meaning in most of the languages. This paper studies phraseological and parameological units in the English, Tatar and Russian languages including an ornytonym (name of a bird) component. The most regular ones used in these three languages are: in English duck, cock, crow, goose, turkey, swallow, lark, hen etc. The results of the research witness that in the above-mentioned languages ornytonyms are mostly used in the symbolic meanings formed already in Ancient Egypt. We also observe names of different birds to acquire new symbolic meanings, which usually can be related to the following factors: 1) the role of the bird (usually domestic ones) in the life of the people speaking the language; 2) behaviour and characteristics of the bird being associated with some positive or negative human traits highly appreciated or condemned in the society.

This article analyzes anthropocentric phraseological units with color components describing human’s qualities and appearance in three structurally different languages: English, Russian and Tatar. The article is aimed at revealing common and specific features of the phraseological units under consideration. It is well known that people manifest themselves by means of colors to the sense of sight. Colors have been exercising the major emotional expressive impact on the human’s mind from ancient times on, possess a great degree of compatibility and are used in a huge amount of phraseological units, which constitute the absolute majority of phraseology with the color component in English as well as in Russian and Tatar. As a result, such positive (innocence, sincerity, high morality, etc.) and negative (stupidity, cowardice, meanness, lightheadedness, etc.) human qualities are disclosed. Phraseological units with color components are also widely used while describing human’s appearance (paleness, gloominess, bleakness, beauty, human races, etc.). The purpose of the article is to determine the lexical-semantic features of the concept actions, behavior as well as identify the universal and national characteristics in representation of the analyzed concept through phraseological means of the Tatar and English languages. Color components within the phraseological units are mainly used in figurative sense. As a rule, certain characteristics and features of people are transferred through colors. We have revealed universal and national features in the analyzed phraseological units of the English, Russian and Tatar languages. About 60 color components have been involved in the English, Russian and Tatar phraseological units. The materials of this article can be useful for students, master program undergraduates, post-graduate students while learning Tatar and English. Information on language pictures of the world of various linguocultural communities can be applied in the methods and practice of teaching above-mentioned languages.

Among several skills that have to be mastered in the process of EFL teaching, reading is one of the most significant. Nobody can deny that authentic literature is a marvelous way to enrich teachers’ and students’ scope of material to teach and to learn. Nevertheless, reading can carry a lot of difficulties. This research has its purpose to study in which way various types of adaptation differ from each other, to analyze if it is appropriate to use authentic fiction literature or not, and, finally, to develop a methodology that teachers and students could use to be able to solve all the problems which appear in the course of reading authentic feature texts. In this article, we have taken J.K. Jerome Three men in a boat as a piece of authentic fiction literature to use at English reading classes for B1-B2 level students of Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia. We have developed a framework which can be advised to teachers for application to facilitate the process of fiction literature comprehension. This framework involves profound practicing of reading and speaking skills by students in the following essential stages: pre-reading, reading and comprehension, vocabulary work, speaking and analysis. This framework is recommended for reading literary texts at EFL classes.

The paper studies the peculiarities of realization and functioning of linguistic landscape of two multilingual cities: Kazan, the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan and the capital of Italy Rome. Comparative study of the landscape of Kazan and Rome becomes important in the course of growing cooperation between Russia, Tatarstan in particular, and Italy, as well as provides an opportunity to study the features of globalization, the implementation of language policy, the current position of languages in society and the adaptation of each city to a large flow of tourists. The aim of our work was to identify similar and different trends in the linguistic landscape of Kazan and Rome. To achieve it we have analyzed the current language policy of the two regions and conducted the analysis of the population living in them, as this is directly related to the visibility of certain languages in the city. The main results of the study reflect certain national peculiarities of the linguistic landscape of the Russian and Italian cities, in particular, the predominant position of the state languages, English as an international language and the presence of other languages of ethnic minorities, and determine the possible prospects for their further development. The practical and theoretical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the results to optimize the processes of language planning and development in the Republic of Tatarstan and Italy.

Though job satisfaction is extensively researched issue, yet, lack of job satisfaction among nurses causes 1 million deaths each year. Thus, research frame is based on AET under explored job satisfaction with respect to workplace incivility was addressed to have negative effect on job satisfaction directly and indirectly through mediating role of emotional exhaustion, among 265 nurses in Sindh province of public hospitals were analyzed by Smart-PLS. Results revealed valuable outcomes as workplace incivility found insignificant in direct relation with job satisfaction and significantly related through emotional exhaustion with job satisfaction. whereas, emotional exhaustion also had negative effect on job satisfaction. this study expands AET and directs further exploration on job satisfaction, which are efficient, effective and feasible for HR and stake holders to implement corrective measures.

Saudi ports, which are one of the busiest seaports in the world and the biggest ports in the Middle East region, have recently encountered a critical problem of overstock or accumulation of goods. It is imperative that these ports have the capacity to release cargoes and goods timely. However, the inadequacy in human resource practices has resulted in dissatisfaction and low performance among cargo employees. Moreover, the relationships of human resource practices, job satisfaction, and job performance within the context of Middle East region, remain underexplored. Addressing that, this study will evaluate the mediating effect of job satisfaction in the relationship between human resource practices (i.e., training and development, reward, job analysis, recruitment and selection, social support, employee relations, and employees’ empowerment) and job performance among cargo employees in Saudi Ports Authority with respect to Adams’ Equity Theory and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs using the questionnaire survey approach.

Purpose: dynamic reproduction of multi-trend stock market processes. Discussion: the authors consider adaptation principles as the basis of the mechanism of the effective stock market. Considering the behavior of the stock market as the behavior of a single social and economic system, having the properties of self-adjustment, self-regulation, adaptation to new, continuously changing conditions, the stock market theories recognized by the scientific community, but disparate and opposing stock market theories, can be considered as a complementary. The fact that the stock market is volatile and follows variable rules at different time intervals formed the understanding of the multi-trend processes of the stock market. Results: the authors introduce the concept of a basis trend and make suggestions concerning its properties. A formal statistical model of the multi-trend process has been proposed, it is introduced as a set of trend components. This model formed the basis of dynamic technology of the adaptive trend decomposition of financial time series, demonstrated in the empirical part.

The managerial ownership and its impact on financial decisions such as cash holding, and capital structure have been the subject of debate of corporate governance literature. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact managerial ownership places on financing and cash holding decisions. In addition to that, the currents study is also offering an interesting insight on the issue of simultaneity of financing and cash holding decisions and also will discuss that how the interdependence changes as the level of managerial ownership changes. This study examines the data of 60 companies listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange over the period from 2013 to 2017. To trace the endogeneity, we have employed the Wu Hausman test. It evident from the results that the p-value of both models is significant, which confirms the endogeneity between cash holdings and capital structure decisions. In both models, the managerial the leverage and cash holdings are in positive relation. The MO appears in a non-linear relationship with both cash holding and capital structure decisions of textile firms. The results of the study are also providing support to agency theory, pecking order theory and signaling theory.

Researches have shown that the study on business incubator has indeed increased. The phenomenon arises since business incubator is seen as an economic development tool that can enhance the economic growth of a country. Business incubators provide a mechanism for knowledge transfer, promote the concept of growth through innovation and application of technology, support economic development strategies for startups, and encourage growth from within local economies. Business incubator is needed for startups to succeed since they suffer on the liability of their newness and the liability of smallness. Even though theoretically and practically business incubator has gained numerous attention, very limited study found in Malaysia on business incubator context. Thus, this study aims to discuss some literature review related to business incubator, present the current state of business incubators in Malaysia and lastly suggest the research direction for the business incubator study in Malaysia.

The aim of this article is to provide a general overview of the issues underlying Malaysians’ reluctance to work in the 3D sectors. It accomplishes this by highlighting key factors that contribute to this issue thereby finding the possible and practical solutions. In realising these objectives, the authors rely on qualitative library research which involves analysis of primary and secondary resources. As the result, this article suggests practical solutions that focus on the enhancement of human rights compliance by employers to attract more Malaysian workers. A better working condition may contribute towards the reduction of high dependency on foreign workers in the future.

This study used the partial least square (PLS) and structural equation modeling (SEM) tool to examine factors influencing the process innovation of the organization capability in public sectors. It also measures the impact of process innovation on the success of software project process. Statistical results confirm that coordination of expertise, communication plan and IT infrastructure reach impact on process innovation while process innovation in turn positively influences the success of software project success. The result, besides indicating the suitability of the PLS in statistical analysis, has also contributed to a better understanding of the success of the software project process. Findings are useful for IT Managers and practitioners to improve the success of software project in Malaysian public sectors. Limitation and suggestion for future research are also included.

This study aimed at proposing a model for activating institutional governance at the Middle East University from faculty members’ point of view. To achieve the objectives of the study the descriptive – survey methodology was used. A questionnaire was developed to collect data. It consisted of (47) items, classified into five areas: transparency, active participation, accountability, equality and organizational effectiveness. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were assured. The study concluded with a model and recommendations for activating the governance of the Middle East University, including completion of legislation covering all institutional governance requirements.

The 14th General Election (GE14) was the most exciting general election ever had by Malaysian’s ever since its independence in 1957. The high participation of young voters or better known as the ‘Kingmaker’ which made up 41% of the total voters was the main reason for the topple of Barisan Nasional (BN) government that have administrated the nation for the last 60 years. Given the influence of awareness towards electoral issues and the political knowledge, this paper aims to understand the young voters’ participation during election. Guided by Michael Foucault ‘Theory of Power’, this paper examines how voters rely on technology to educate themselves on the election issues that become a concern for them before exercising their power by determining and selecting their preferred government. The findings of the data were collected through focus group discussions, involving twelve (12) participants which consist of Malay, Chinese and Indian voters, aged between 21-39 years old. From the findings, issues relating to 1 Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB), Goods and Service Tax (GST), high cost of living, and PTPTN have grabbed their attention. Their concern towards these issues were caused by the economy impact that it has on their daily lives. Influenced by their heavy reliance on social media as a source of information which was easily accessible through smart phones further motivates them to cast their votes despite of their depth of knowledge on electoral processes. Nevertheless, both Government and the Election Commission have a vital role to play in drawing young voters’ attention whilst engaging and educating them for the next General Election.

The paper is devoted to the development of approaches to improving the management of borrowed capital of enterprises in modern conditions. It is established that the scope of the proposed approaches is quite broad, since they can be useful for coowners and shareholders of the enterprise as a reference point for making managerial decisions to improve the personnel management in connection with enterprise finances, serve as benchmarks for the formation of prices for credit resources, characterize the results of management activities to raise and use borrowed capital. It is proved that the planning of the volume of mobilization of borrowed capital can be considered as a component of the development of the company’s production and financial plan, which determines its main characteristics in the prospective period, the structure and volume of production, price policy, revenues, expenditures and financial result. It is established that properly organized financial planning becomes the key to improving the efficiency of the formation of borrowed capital.

Present digital world with the concept of Smart cities are producing enormous amount of data over the period of time at different sectors of life. It is becoming difficult to track information and produce knowledge out of it without using emerging information management technologies. Big Data Analytics is a must to make use of data generated by IoT. In the present paper, A systematic and synthesizing critical literature have been discussed on the concept and relationship of Big Data, Data Analytics and smart cities and imperatives of the same. This study primarily contributes in providing the rationale of Big Data, Business Intelligence & Data Analytics in smart cities. The study discusses the valuable information to the Big Data practitioners by clarifying the process of effective management of Big Data through Business Intelligence and Analytics processes in smart cities. Study further provides the directions to the future research.

Purpose: This study confirms the main determinants that affect the intention to the adoption of e-commerce and provides a procedure to analyze and implement practices and indicates the necessary measures. This study integrates the technical composition and determinism of organizational and environmental constructively to build a practical framework for understanding the adoption of e-commerce in SMEs of Pakistan. Methodology: This study is a explanatory research, the quantitative approach is employed, data is collected through an adopted questioner, responses of 160 SMEs are selected for analysis through PLS3. Finding: The results indicate that technological, organizational and environmental factors have a direct impact on the intention to the adoption of e-commerce on SMEs of Pakistan. The results also show that there is a trend to imitate the Pakistani SMEs who are successfully taken to avoid the risks of e-commerce technologies. Limitations: This study is limited to the context of Pakistan. Implications: The globalization of the markets, the relationship of national economies and the adoption of e commerce with the increasing interdependence of national economies are a bit complex to be known about the key factors, but this is considered as a difficult phenomenon to understand e-commerce.

A major challenge in the protection of the Iraqi environment from pollution is the difficulty of determining the perpetrator’s criminal responsibility for environmental pollution crimes. As such, there must be a set of legal procedures and punishments to combat environmental pollution crimes. Fixed legal procedures must be followed after a crime is detected and it should include investigations, arrests, court trials and enforcement of the punishment if the perpetrator is found guilty. The Iraqi legislative authority has acknowledged the perils of environmental pollution through the issuance of procedures and laws for the protection and control of the environment. These laws have made the punishments for the offenders more severe in order to serve as a general and private deterrent in order to remove the consequences of violation of the environment and restore the situation. This paper deliberated on the concept of public criminal responsibility in conformity with the Iraqi Penal Code Law No. 111 of 1969, the Iraqi Protection and Improvement of the Environment Act, Law No. 27 of 2009 as well as determined the offender’s criminal responsibility for offenses under the aforementioned laws. Also, there is a statement of the damage the U.S. occupation has inflicted upon Iraq including the pollution of the environment caused by the use of internationally forbidden weapons in 2003. On this matter, the qualitative research method was adopted as this method involves both primary and secondary sources. As such, people from the judiciary and academia who were involved in criminal law were personally interviewed. This study discovered that there are several legal issues and constraints and they are linked to weaknesses of Iraqi laws for the protection of the environment. On top of that, the many sources of environmental protection in Iraq has slowed down the rectification of the constraints and this in turn has significantly affected the determination of the offenders’ responsibilities for environmental pollution crimes.

This paper presents the English teachers’ responses towards a web-based resource developed to improve ESL pupils’ speaking skills. The purpose of the study is to analyse the English teachers’ responses towards the web-based speaking skills resource named ‘Hey Let’s Speak’. This study included 10 English teachers from secondary schools in Malaysia who explored and utilised the web-based resource before it was implemented in schools. Their responses were used to determine whether the web-based resource is suitable and their suggestions were taken into consideration for further improvements. The instrument was divided into four components which included (1) design (2) interactivity (3) content and (4) usability, to measure the English teachers’ perception towards the resource. The findings showed positive results in terms of design, interactivity, content and usability. The strengths of the web-based resource include attractive design, suitable content and user-friendliness. However there are improvements needed in terms of the quantity of the topics included and resource layout. The use of this web-based resource could motivate the ESL pupils to be interactive and work collaboratively to improve their English speaking skills.

This study aims to analyze upstream marketing channel selection by farmers, determining cost and return involved, and major problems faced by all actors at West Region Malaysia. The objective of this paper is to identify the upgrading opportunities in Malaysia’s oil palm value chain. A survey was carried out among 156 oil palm independent smallholder farmers (ISHF), 4 middlemen, 5 collection centres and 2 millers who were selected randomly in Johor state which is among the largest independent smallholders in the region and data were collected based on structured interviews. Cost Benefit Analysis and Margin Analysis have been used as the empirical strategy. Farmers’ socio-demographic characteristics, selected marketing channel, cost benefit analysis, and marketing margin have been used as main explanatory variables. Results indicate that most of oil palm independent smallholders chose marketing channel with highest Net Present Value (NPV) and Gross Marketing Margin. The motivations driving the purchasing or selling of fresh fruit bunches or FFB were: high quality of FFB, competitive price, low marketing and transportation costs. The results indicate that there is a margin for the value chain to upgrade their products while staying competitive. A strong and great market access is essential to support wider knowledge, distribution and information among the marketing channels. In addition, a joint action of value chain stakeholders is needed to exploit these opportunities.

Tourism development encourages small and medium sized businesses to get developed which adds to the diversification of income sources. In the study, two main variables have been identified. The independent variable is development and the dependent variable is income sources. In order to further analyze the impacts through regression, five more independent variables have been identified. Hotels, travel agencies, restaurants, cleanliness and infrastructure are great sources of income in tourism sector. To conduct the research, 350 residents from Erbil, Baghdad and Ur have been selected as a sample of the primary research containing 10 questionnaires. The questionnaire have been analyzed in 5-point Likert scale and the results show a positive relationship between development and income sources. Range of data analysis methods have been applied to conduct the research like Regression, correlation, frequency, percentage, mean, mode, median. Finally, some recommendations regarding the development which would enhance the diversity of income sources have been provided.

The concept of consumer ethnocentrism is used here to show that culture influences the perception of individuals or groups when they buy products or services. Though many studies have recognized the importance of culture in consumer decision-making, few have examined the significant role of culture in influencing consumer buying decision. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine how the roles of consumer beliefs and attitudes affect the level of consumer ethnocentrism towards the purchase of domestic products concentrating on Petronas petrol stations in Klang Valley from the customers’ perspective. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed at Petronas Petrol Stations in Klang Valley area. The results indicated that the most significant factor influencing consumer ethnocentrism was belief followed by attitude and both belief and attitude had moderate and positive relationships with consumer ethnocentrism toward Petronas Petrol Stations in Klang Valley area.

Islamic concept has become more prominent in the development of society. It is no longer an unfamiliar concept among the world communities. In addition, the administration and management based on Islamic concept is also becoming increasingly popular among organizations around the world. Since many scholars believe that there is still lack of study regarding Islamic perspective in management, thus the purpose of this research is to examine the problem regarding this matter and to explore more about the Qur’an way of leadership. A total of 180 civil servants in the public sector in Kuching and Kota Samarahan areas participated in the survey. The result reveals that belief was found to be significant with very strong correlation and positive relationship with leadership effectiveness. Meanwhile for rituals, the result shows that this variable has insignificant with a moderate correlation and positive relationship with leadership effectiveness. Suggestions for future research were also discussed.

As has been widely known, tax is still the main source to meet financing need of urban and rural development in developing countries. This fact has made tax compliance rate serves as an important measure that can be used to predict the continuation of the on-going development projects. Hence, achieving full compliance rate has become major concern of Indonesian Government particularly in supporting the development of rural area such as in Garut Regency Indonesia. However, in contrast to urban citizen, the attitude of most taxpayers in rural area is presumed to show lower compliance due to several factors such as level of knowledge. In response to that phenomenon, this research aims to obtain knowledge regarding the effect of taxpayers’ attitude toward the effectiveness of land and building tax implementation in Garut Regency. Quantitative data was acquired by using survey that involves 96 respondents that were selected by using simple random sampling. This study also employs qualitative data by means of interview and soliciting relevant documents. The findings show that there is significant impact of taxpayer’s attitude toward the effectiveness of land and building tax implementation. Surprisingly, the attitude of taxpayers in Garut Regency found to be favorable. The same result is also found for the effectiveness of land and building tax implementation. The opportunity for future studies is also being discussed in response to the findings.

The wholesale and retail sector in Malaysia is closely interlinked and it is one of the most important economic activities that generate the source of income for the country. It is also a sector that is classified under the services sector. During the 10th Malaysia Plan, this sector recorded an annual average growth rate of 6.7% and its contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) increased from 13.9% in 2011 to 14.7% in 2013. In the 11MP, the subsector is expected to achieve an average annual growth rate of 5.8% and accounted for 14.7% of GDP. A wholesale market feasibility study was conducted to identify the needs of consumers and stakeholders in the wholesale market. In particular, the study reviewed the strategic position (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) construction of wholesale markets and analysed the impact of the construction of wholesale markets in terms of market, technical, financial, and operating aspects on the socioeconomic development of the local population. Structured interviews were used to collect qualitative data from 15 respondents, 11 of whom from government agencies, 2 from an association, and 2 from the body politic. The interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. Analysis was performed on the transcriptions by identifying themes, which were then analyzed using the software ATLAS.ti 7. The findings indicate that the construction of wholesale markets has a positive viability in terms of all aspects (market, technical, business model, management and economy / finance) and will have a positive impact on the country’s social and economic development, particularly that of the locals.

Malaysian Armed Forces Religious Corps which established in 1985, has tried to convey the Islamic da’wah and Islam in particular against members of the Armed Forces. The Effects of missionary work submitted has affected non-Muslim groups and they then embraced to Islam. This study was conducted to see to what extent the development of new converts in the Armed Forces. Library research, questionnaire, interview and observation were used to obtain data related to the development and education of a new brotherhood and sister in Islam. The research questionnaire was used as an instrument field to see the problems and challenges among the army personnel. The study was conducted on 57 respondents who were members of the Malaysian Armed Forces. Random sampling technique was used and the results were analyzed using SPSS version 16 using descriptive and inferential method. The findings may explain openly about the development of converts among members of the Malaysian Armed Forces after converting to Islam as well as information about the state and community feedback and solution to converts and pluralistic society and responsibility to support and spread the propaganda against communities of different races and cultures in Malaysia.

This article draws upon pilot study to test the developed job satisfaction questionnaire with offshore catering employees. Changing the attention from a hypothetical work setting where job satisfaction is usually studied, this study investigated employees’ satisfaction with the offshore catering job as the employees perform their job in an isolated and confined work environment. The pilot study was employed as an impetus for a scale development dissertation in validating a bespoke job satisfaction instrument in the offshore catering context. In this small-scale study, the researchers investigated job satisfaction with a purposive sample of 37 (n=37) offshore catering employees using electronic-based survey. Subsequently, an individual debriefing was conducted with four respondents to improve the questionnaire items. The objectives of the pilot study were to evaluate the quality of the items and to identify potential challenges that might occur in the main study. The study findings are not extensively discussed; however, adequate information about the study background and sample characteristics are included. The study about job satisfaction among offshore catering employees was used to demonstrate the process. The key aspects of the pilot study including the amendment of items, challenges encountered during data collection, and modifications made to the actual study are discussed.

The number of international tourist arrivals is crucial for the tourism sector. However, there are positive and negative sides of tourism. Unsustainable tourism will result in the destruction of the forest and consequently led to biodiversity loss. The great benefits of forest which is a home for a wide variety of animals and plants which help to stored carbon, preventing the risk of flood and drought to occur, influencing climate change, stabilizing soils as well as providing food and a place for the indigenous people to live. As long as these benefits are being concerned, the role of international community is needed to prevent them from any harm in the future. The government of both the developed and developing nations recognized the importance of sustainable biodiversity for the national ecosystem as well as to the global environment. In this study we also investigate the response of biodiversity loss (measured by the number of threatened bird species on six measures of governance: voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption. The OLS outcomes suggest that tourism exhibit positive relationship with biodiversity loss. On the other hand, the six governance indicators suggest that good governance reduces biodiversity loss. Our further analysis using quantile regression estimates suggest that tourism affect positively biodiversity loss for all quantiles (0.05 0.25 0.50 0.75 0.90 0.95); while governance affect negatively biodiversity loss only at certain quartiles. One main policy implication of this study is that sustainable tourism is important to mitigate biodiversity loss, and effort for biodiversity conservation is supported by this study.

This study had been conducted to identify creativity levels from the affective and effective aspects, the relationship between creativity and the entrepreneurial intention and the relationship between the entrepreneurial intention and the entrepreneurial career choice behaviour of final year of Bachelor of Engineering in UTM, UTHM, and UTeM. A total of 462 final year undergraduate engineering students from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), and Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) were selected for being the sample from the population whole. The questionnaire method was used to gather the descriptive and inferential data of the study. The findings show that the level of creativity from an effective aspect consisting of the number of business ideas and the quality of business ideas as a whole is medium low. The finding also show that there is a significant relationship between the number of ideas and the idea of business ideas with entrepreneurial intention. While there is no significant relationship between the quality of the idea and its relation is inverse with the entrepreneurial intention of the student. There is a significant relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurship career choice behavior. The findings of this study would have had great implication towards the implementation of the entrepreneurial education programme and thinking skills education in the institutions of higher learning. In the context of this study, the development of entrepreneurship amongst the graduates in the 21st century education would need to be properly planned in order to not just increase the number of entrepreneurs, but also to mould them to become creative, innovative and competitive globally.

Multivariate Exponential Weighted Moving Average (MEWMA) control chart is a popular statistical tool for monitoring multivariate process over time. However, this chart is sensitive to the presence of outliers arising from the use of classical mean vector and covariance matrix in estimating the MEWMA statistic. These classical estimators are known to be sensitive to the outliers. To address this problem, robust MEWMA control charts based on modified one-step M-estimator (MOM) and Winsorized modified one-step M-estimator (WM) are proposed. Their performance is then compared with the standard MEWMA control chart in various situations. The findings revealed that the proposed robust MEWMA control charts are more effective in controlling false alarm rates especially for large sample sizes and high percentage of outliers.

Co-creation is described as the involvement of consumers as active members in the sellers’ firms for the creation of value benefitting both parties. Connecting value co-creation with cooperative members in Malaysia however is new in the literature as very little studies have attempted to understand such perspectives. Thus, the purpose of this study is to deepen the understanding and explore variables that could link value co-creation with cooperative member’s loyalty. Using focus group interview as the method of data collection, findings reveal that loyalty among cooperative members are likely to be derived when co-creation lead to economic benefits and enhance relationship quality. Ultimately, such loyalty progress towards building commitment and trusting relationships among members.

This study aims to figure out the influence of good corporate governance and employee performance on bank performance. The method used in this research is explanatory. The samples were 73 people including directors, Vice president division, chiefs of BJB branches based in Indonesia. To analyze the data, a PLS method was carried out to find out the contributing factors of good corporate governance and employee performance to bank performance. The results show that good corporate governance has a greater influence on the performance of the bank directly, rather than on the performance of the employee’s. Any findings on the of this research, which is the effectiveness of GCG, must be based on the road map that has been prepared by a top-down approach.

This study will use the Kirkpatrick Assessment Model to assess the School Excellence program through Organization Development (PrOD). This model involves evaluation of reactions, learning (knowledge, skills and attitude), behavior and outcomes, but this study only assesses knowledge and behavior . This study uses survey method by involving 120 respondents of the study chosen by group sampling. The instrument is a questionnaire that has Cronbach Alpha value between 0.930-0.984. The data were analyzed using mean score, percentage, standard deviation and regression. Analysis findings show that there is a significant difference between the level of knowledge and behavior before and after the PrOD. Overall, this study recommends PrOD to be continued, but it is necessary to improve in the formulation of PrOD syllabus so that school leaders can improve the behavior change in meaningful and meaningful implementation of the PrOD.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of backchannel communication in developing students’critical thinking skill: macro and micro critical thinking.There are many tools in backchannel communication (BC). Padlet has been used as one of backchannel communication in this research.There are seventy students from two classes (Class X and Class Z) involved as sample in this study.Quasi- experimental research design applied in this research. Class X was selected as the experimental group (using padlet online discussion) and Class Z became the control group (classroom discussion) while learning Critical Thinking subject. Padlet online discussion was used as tool to plot discussion in a group on the topic given by the teacher. The finding shows that students who used back channel communication showed greater macro critical thinking level than to those who did not use back channel communication. While for students who used BC did not show greater critical thinking level than to those who did not use BC.This study will contribute to the body of knowledge on technologies for learning and online learning. This will allow better understanding on how technology can facilitate learning especially critical thinking.

The numbers of religious issues in Malaysia within 30 years indicates that inter-religious discourse among different religious adherents is not always easy to handle and cannot be easily understood due to the complexities of various issues involved. This study aims to (1) identify the keywords in inter-religious issues in Malaysia, and (2) discuss the lexical characteristic in inter-religious discourse in Malaysia. The discussion is based on the meaning concept suggested by Russell (1940). The data in the discussion relate to the three religious issues in Malaysia which are interpreted as having sensitive and provocative words from 2011 until 2015. The data were gathered taken from local newspapers and interviews with religious authorities. The discussion shows that keywords in inter-religious issues, such as hurt, disappointment, misunderstanding, ignorance etc. are based on negative perception toward the practice of people from different religion. The result also shows that negative gradable for all the issues, such as religious hatred, shocked and angry need to be encountered. The study suggests that the negative perception toward different religious practice needs to be understood comprehensively by examining the reason behind the disagreement of the practice, and any circumstance to create religious misunderstanding must be avoided.

This research is conducted to quantify the influence of training motivation on the relationship between leadership development program and training transfer using 412 usable questionnaires gathered from the Malaysian Army personnel. A structural equation modelling generated by the SmartPLS version 3.2.5 was employed to assess the validity and reliability of the instrument and then test the research hypotheses. The outcomes of path model analysis showed two important findings: firstly, the relationship between training motivation and course content significantly correlates with training transfer and secondly, the relationship between training motivation and instructors’ roles is significantly correlated with training transfer. Statistically, the outcomes of hypotheses testing confirmed that training motivation acts as an important mediating variable in the relationship between leadership development program and training transfer in organisational samples.

The purpose of this work is to investigate the significance of developing the nation’s small and medium-sized business sector, explore a set of organizational/economic conditions of financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and examine some of the key characteristics of existing financial support for the business environment within the economy’s priority sectors in the Republic of Kazakhstan. In conducting the study, the authors employed the statistical method, comparative analysis and summarization, the systemic and sociological approaches, graphical representation of information, and the integrated approach. The study’s key objectives include the following: to investigate the significance of instruments of financial support for SMEs, including lending, subsidizing, guaranteeing, collateral support, and microfinancing; to identify a set of possible ways to enhance the activity of second-level banks in relation to granting long-term loans to businesses; to explore the significance of Messages to the Nation from the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the government’s ‘2020 Business Roadmap’ program, ‘The Program for the Development of Productive Employment and Mass Entrepreneurship for the Period 2017–2021’, and the activity of such major organizations as the Damu fund, KazAgroFinance, and Agrarian Credit Corporation in relation to funding the activity of SMEs.

The article is devoted to the study of characteristic features of the education system of developed countries and Russia in the modern postindustrial era. The priority of knowledge as a system-forming element of postindustrial society leads to new trends in educational processes. The authors’ study is focused on these transformations in the theory and practice of education.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive literature review of the e-commerce adoption studies. This paper investigated the papers that have been published and indexed in the Scopus database for the period from 2012-2017. This study found that e-commerce adoption studies can be classified into six themes: factors affecting e-commerce adoption, barrier of e-commerce adoption, implication of e-commerce adoption, e-commerce adoption process, improvement of e-commerce adoption and e-commerce web attraction. It is found that existing literature has given considerable attention to the drivers that facilitate e-commerce adoption while other themes have received far less attention from researchers. The significant factors that influence e-commerce adoption includes management’s support, the role of government, perceived benefits, external pressures, organizational readiness, IT-related skills, capabilities and infrastructure, among others. Such limited scope of study efforts could only provide a stagnant view towards partial understanding of the dynamic diffusion process of e-commerce. Future research shall be extended to explore e-commerce adoption from the process perspective and investigate the post-adoption stages of e-commerce to observe how e-commerce adoption evolves over time.

The lack of empirical evidence about Rasch model logits as a potential score in normality testing boost the motivations on how this type of data can replace the Likert mean score. The research also would like to see how these logits will be variant by fixing the diversity of zones selected for Adversity Quotient (AQ) measurement. The AQ was tested using IKBAR (Instrumen Kecerdasan Menghadapi Cabaran) with CORE model (Control, Ownership, Reach and Endurance) on 1845 polytechnic students from five different zones in Malaysia using a proportionate stratified multistage cluster sampling. The findings revealed that the skewness and kurtosis pattern for all zones showed that Rasch model logits are greater than the Likert mean score. The gaps pattern showed that Borneo dominated the largest gap for Control and AQ for both skewness and kurtosis. In terms of skewness, North region dominated the Endurance gap and the West dominated the Reach gaps. The East dominated the kurtosis gaps for Reach and Endurance. The Rasch model logits for all zones generally had a probability of failing to meet the normality acceptance range. A paired-samples t-test revealed that there was a significant difference for both scores. There was a significant average difference between both score. Rasch model logits were higher than Likert mean score. Based on the results, it is clear that the patterns of the Rasch model logits applicability exposed a great potential and alternative to be used by the researchers as normality data testing besides the Likert mean score. Further studies are proposed to be carried out to explore the potential of using logits for different settings and to ensure applicability to the other normality testing for educational research.

Scholars suggested the role of industry experts in providing learning assistance and knowledge sharing to students through a process called scaffolding as it helps in improving conceptual and problem solving skills. With the advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), scaffolding can be conducted online where the term online scaffolding emerges. Existing studies on online scaffolding are confined towards people from the same academic institutions (e.g students and instructors from the same classrooms or online platforms). Since past studies noted that online security measures do not prevail in safeguarding the safety of information sharing, organization dependent on other factors such as trust to initiate relationship with people outside organization with regards to knowledge sharing. Nonetheless, studies to comprehend the role of trust when providing online scaffolding towards people outside organization such as from industry experts to students do not gain much attention in academic. This paper reviews literature related to the role of trust in knowledge sharing. Understanding trust from organization’s perspective serves as key to understand issues related to trust and the extent it is applicable in online scaffolding.

A successful of employee engagement strategy will not only create good employee at workplace but also the community at a work place. Employees form an emotional connection with the company when they are effectively and positively engage with their organization. Their attitude effects both their colleagues and company’s client and improves customer satisfaction. Studies have highlighted the importance of demographics factors such as gender in ensuring highly engage employee. This paper explores the individual differs across three parameters as gender, age and educational background. Significant variations are observed across employees of various age and qualifications. One- way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used for descriptive analysis on demographic variables. Data was collected from 200 employees of 13 Islamic banks in Malaysia. The research has made significant contributions to the body of knowledge at academic levels by extending knowledge regarding the effects of demographic differences on employee attitude and behaviour.The key findings of this research suggest that the organisations and managers need to understand the differences of demographics factors on engagement. So that, the potential effectiveness the selection of strategies and the development of employees may be conducted more effectively.

The article reveals methodological approaches to the assessment of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex of the country as a transition to export orientation, as well as identifies the potential niches of effective import substitution in the market of agricultural products and export orientation determinants of agricultural industries. The conclusion is drawn concerning the growth of self-sufficiency and reduction of Russia’s dependence on imported food supplies. The study of the geographical structure dynamics of the food imports is carried out, as well as the study of the formation and development process of export food potential of Russia in the context of import substitution and foreign economic instability. The necessity of an integrated approach to the problem of the country’s export potential formation in the conditions of import substitution is substantiated.

The objective of this research is finding the raw materials purchasing behaviors variables which effect on purchasing behaviors of entrepreneurs in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The raw materials purchasing behaviors have been identified in 5 variables, business size, business model, business duration, number of employees and estimated income. The research found that the initial investment more than 24,000 USD is 47.7 percentage, initial investment 3,030-24,000 USD is 34.1 percentage and initial investment 1,000-3,000 USD is 18.2 percentage. Entrepreneurs have their own brands is 81.8 percentage and franchisee is 18.2 percentage. The business duration 1-3 years is 34.1 percentage and more than 5 years is 25.0 percentage. Number of employees at 1-3 employees is 60.5 percentage and 4-6 employees is 23.7percentage. Estimated monthly income less than 3,000 USD is 43.2 percentage and 3,001-6,000 USD is 36.4 percentage. DAZE mobile application purchase intentions of café business entrepreneurs, the café business entrepreneurs have an intention to purchase DAZE mobile application. The entrepreneurs found that the DAZE mobile application will give them on the purchasing time reduction, cost reduction and raw materials quality improvement respectively. The service charge acceptable rate is 1.01-3.00 USD/time which considered acceptable for café business entrepreneurs. If the service charge rate is going high, it will directly effect on their production costs.

Smart cities are able to automate routine functions towards improving quality of life (Piro et al., 2014); (Batty et al., 2012). While the smart cities are filled with firms experiencing higher rates of return, the impact on marginalised lower income group are negatively impacted due to the changes in urban landscape which cause “spirals of gentrification” which then led to “geographical polarisation” (Graham, 2002; Hollands, 2008). This study analysed secondary data and found increasingly income inequality – households are earning higher income but income distribution and gap are increasing. Social capital accumulation, housing, and expenditure gaps are increasingly observed in Penang, Johor, and the Greater Kuala Lumpur region.

This paper aims to demonstrate the PMSP (Performance Measurement of Strategic Planning) System for solid waste management process. The complexity and dynamic scenarios in nature of solid waste management cause a huge implication for the management in order to thoroughly monitor the achievement of strategic planning. This condition causes the rate of generation of solid waste to increase every year. In addition, solid waste management is responsible in finding a more efficient mechanism to ensure that strategic planning plans are fully realized by the year 2020. As a result, the development of the prototype PMSP system as a user interface can help the management to analyze the progress of the strategic plan achievement more effectively. The analysis resulting from the output of the system is expected to facilitate the decision makers to assess the current level of achievement and also take the best steps holistically in line with the strategic planning of solid waste management plans. Through the development of this technology the goals of the country in social well-being and a sustainable environment could be achieved.

Mergers and acquisition has become one of favorable strategies for companies to grow. It offers the opportunity for companies to grow instantly and the capability to have instant access towards the market in which the acquired company operates. However, many literatures documented few Mergers and Acquisition that actually considered to be successful, and of the argument that causing it was cultural differences between the acquiring and the acquired companies. The acquisition of Maybank on Bank International Indonesia (BII) gave an opportunity to study whether close cultural differences between the acquired and the acquiring companies might produce better results in such acquisition attempt. The aim of this study was to see whether the implementation of good leadership, people management, simplified organization structure, good communication and cultural development activities might enhance successful acquisition. Results indicated that all of those variables were implemented well during the acquisition process except communication.

The existence of decorative elements in traditional Malay houses represents the integration between functionalism and aesthetics of architecture. Its ornamentation, form and pattern particularly in woodcarving and bamboo weaving reflect the uniqueness of local craftsmanship and the master carvers. Defined as non-structural and “additional” member of the building there are at least 15 (fifteen) decorative elements of the traditional Malay house that have been identified by previous researcher. There are Tunjuk Langit, Sisik Naga, Sulur Bayung, Ande-Ande, Pemeleh, Kepala Cicak, Tiang Gantung, Lebah Bergantung, Kekisi, Gerbang, Gerbang Pintu Sesiku Keluang, Pagar Musang, Kepala Pintu and Kepala Tingkap. Architecturally in Malaysia traditional houses were categorised based on roof design, spatial organization and geographical setting which finally this categorization were named after the states. Every traditional house in the state of Malaysia signifying particular style and architectural characteristics of that particular state. This article discusses the study of those decorative elements on the traditional Malay houses in the state of Perak known as Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak (RLBP). With the objective is to investigate the type, terms and characteristics of decorative elements site observations were done on selected thirty (30) RLBP houses located along Sungai Perak. Sungai Perak is the second longest river in peninsula Malaysia recognised as the site of early Malay settlement in Perak. The analysis on visual data and verbal data were carried out to established architectural terminology and typology based on form and style of every decorative element. The study found that nine (9) decorative elements come to be the major characteristics of RLBP; some with different name, form and style from other states. These similarity and dissimilarity contributes to the enrichment of the aesthetical theory and philosophy of the Malay traditional house in Malaysia.

The article is devoted to the problem of criminal legal responsibility regulation for terror crimes. The authors analyze the legislative design of such crime compositions, provided by Ch. 24 of the current RF Criminal Code, first of all, the novels included in the Criminal Law in 2013 - 2017, the sanctions on criminal law norms, as well as the effectiveness of their implementation in practice. Critical remarks are made and proposals are introduced aimed at criminal legislation, as well as law enforcement practice improvement. The authors raise the problems of punishment imposition for committed crimes, in particular, criticize the legislator’s position on the imposition of less stringent sanctions for more dangerous forms of assistance to terrorists, and on the imposition of stricter sanctions for less dangerous forms of assistance to terrorism. Judicial practice is analyzed with the purpose to reveal the effectiveness of individual article provision application from RF Criminal Code. They performed the comparison of the criminal law revisions, and they analyzed the introduced changes. The authors make specific proposals to amend certain provisions of the criminal law, in particular, on the criminalization of responsibility for the financing of terrorism as an independent crime.

The article examines the basic directions of cooperation of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the leading financial and economic institutions. The authors analyze the activities of the major active organizations that fall within the scope of "international" institutions. Based on the survey of respondents, the study accesses the performance of the republic’s international organizations. This is followed by the analysis of attracting direct investments into the country with the help of international financial institutions. Furthermore, the study identifies the key factors of investment attractiveness of the Republic of Kazakhstan along with the relevant negative aspects. In the end, the authors give concrete proposals on improving the investment climate to attract foreign direct investment, which would ensure the country’s sustainable development.

This paper deals with one of the key concepts – that components of the constitutional and legal responsibility – the personal responsibility of government officials. The author considers domestic and foreign research on the content of the concept of personal responsibility. On the basis of their analysis, on the example of the legislation of the Russian Federation, the author reveals some features of personal responsibility of officials of the Government of the Russian Federation, analyzes the problem aspects of its legal regulation and implementation. The author touches on the problems associated with the absence of a specific legal mechanism for the implementation of constitutional and legal responsibility between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Federal Assembly, as a result of which there are no clear levers of influence on officials of the Government of the Russian Federation. The author believes that the President of the Russian Federation has a leading position regarding the personal responsibility of officials of the Government of the Russian Federation, thereby accentuating his dominant position in the sphere of influence on the executive branch. The author formulates the conclusion that the personal constitutional and legal responsibility of officials of the Government of the Russian Federation is a sufficiently large, but little understood concept that does not have sufficient legislative regulation that allows them to perform their duties in a clear manner.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the Framework-based Teaching (FBT) approach improves the critical thinking skill among accounting students at tertiary education level. This qualitative study is conducted using the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SOTL) approach, where reflections from lecturers ‘experience in teaching and learning process are gathered. Data are collected from both accounting lecturers and students who implemented the FBT approach using the inquiry-based learning technique in the financial accounting course. Data are analysed using content analysis. The results from the study indicate that, based on lecturers’ reflection, students are pushed to think in depth in classes using the inquiry based learning of the FBT approach. This is supported by students’ feedback on their own critical thinking ability. Thus, the FBT approach improves the critical thinking skills among accounting students. The implication of this study is the practicability of the FBT approach in teaching financial accounting course at university level in encouraging critical thinking skills.

Manufacturing companies have responsibility to participate in reducing the environmental problems impacted by their operations. This study aims to identify the efforts of Indonesian manufacturing companies in abating environmental impacts caused by their production processesand to understand the behaviour of manufacturing companies in providing environmental information to their stakeholders. The population of this study are all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and PROPER in 2012-2016. By employing purposive sampling, the study collected 135 data from 27 companies. On average, Indonesian manufacturing companies earned grade of 3 (Blue) in implementing PROPER. The extent of environmental disclosure is only around 38%. Environmental disclosure of manufacturing companies is influenced by rete of environmental performance and company size. Environmental performance is significantly affected by profitability and size. Leverage does not influence environmental performance, environmental disclosure, and profitability. The level of environmental disclosure is mostly descriptive and does not have a specific time frame. Indonesian manufacturing companies should improve their environmental performance and environmental disclosure.

The Rohingya refugees have been living in Bangladesh for over two decades. Temporary encampment turned out to be a permanent situation for many of them living in registered and unregistered refugee camps. The government of Bangladesh prohibits visitors’ access in those camps without prior official permission. The bureaucratic hurdles for securing permission for a non-party individual to the refugee issue were lengthy, conspicuous, difficult, uncertain and risky, and involves going through layers of administration located in different places. This paper draws fieldwork experiences among registered and unregistered refugees from the Bangladesh side of the border. It shed some light on practicalities and sensitivities in the field and the challenges faced by a female researcher in a fieldwork setting in this remote borderland. It suggests various strategies and negotiations that granted access to various communities.

When SMEs are part of global value chain, the flows of information in cross-border buyer-supplier relationships which emerge from inward-outward internationalisation connections should be addressed. This study therefore investigates the learning processes of internationalising small and medium enterprises that engage in inward and outward internationalisation. Hence, this study adopts a qualitative case study approach based on ten cases of the internationalising SMEs in Malaysia. Semi-structured interviews with the Managing Directors of the selected SMEs were conducted over a two-year period. Additionally, participant observations were conducted by attending the meetings related to import-export activities and documentations were gathered for data triangulation Findings of this study highlights that the relationship with key foreign suppliers empowered case firms to connect inward to outward internationalisation through collaborative knowledge sharing. The distribution of knowledge through tacit-tacit and tacit-explicit knowledge sharing underpinned by formal planning was a prerequisite for inward-outward internationalisation connections to be established.

The paper examines expressive means in D. Trump’s and H. Clinton’s pre-election discourse, which is considered in syntactic level, the field of the pre-election campaign 2016. Pre-election discourse is a topical direction of modern linguistics as in the period of holding of election campaigns the activity of political figures who use multiple linguistic means aimed at making electors’ to come to a necessary decision increases considerably. The analysis is conducted on official websites of both politicians, opened for the elections held in 2016 in the USA. It focuses on the expressive means in the texts of politicians in the first, second and third debates. The study is based on the theory of critical discourse analysis (Van Dijk, 2009), political discourse analysis and the theory of expressive analysis. The structural analysis shows the most wide-spread expressive means functioned in the texts of both politicians. ? content analysis is viewed as expressive means (ellipse, reduplication, parceling) of the pre-election discourse to compare the number of expressive means used in both politicians’ discourse. The research gives a description and analysis of the expressive means in pre-election discourse.

The problem of immorality among the youth population is of universal consequence. The youth population refers to adolescents, teenagers, young adults and working-class population. Adolescents are still in the formative years and could be positively influenced towards moral uprightness. Consequently, several authors have attempted to uncover factors associated with immorality and the possible interventions among the youth. Some of the proposed interventions include parental instructions, sermonizing, inclusion of moral instructions in the school curriculum, adverts on media networks, punishment for wrong doing, rewards for uprightness and outstanding virtues among others. However, these studies did not consider the use of modeling as an educational tool for curbing immorality among the youth. Although several policies were also formulated to ensure adolescent moral development, however, none of these policies highlighted the importance of modeling; hence the problem has continued to escalate across many developing countries like Nigeria. It is on this note that this review article was conceived. The article utilizes data from secondary sources to: (i) explain the genesis of immorality among teenagers; (ii) deliberate on developmental tasks involving adolescents’ moral development; (iii) discuss factors that engender moral development through modeling; and (iv) illustrate facilitators of modeling with the aims of making plausible clarifications to parents, teachers, religious leaders and policy makers on how to reduce escalation of immorality to the barest minimum in developing societies like Nigeria.

This study investigates the impact of housing loan/financing on bank risk performances in Malaysia. The data is collected from 12 commercial banks and 12 Islamic banks in Malaysia within the period of 2002-2016. Non-performing loan (NPL) and loan loss provision (LLP) are used as proxies for bank risk and they are regressed with housing loan/financing, expenses, total loan, income, gross domestic product and inflation. The results from Random and Fixed Effect models show that housing loan/financing has significant impact on the NPL and the LLP of commercial banks and Islamic banks. The results also show that even though commercial banks seem to dominate housing loan/financing market, but Islamic banks are capable to compete with commercial bank in this specific type of financing.

The credibility and performance of the Islamic banks depend on those who operate and manage the overall banking business. Due to high demand towards high performing talents for the industry lately, there is need to identify whether the industry has done their part to train and enhance their existing talents in order to ensure the Islamic banking business remain sustain in the future. This is more challenging when the demand for talents that have education background of combination of both Islamic jurisprudent (Shariah) and finance knowledge become pivotal.It is because of the nature of the Islamic banking business that need to ensure theoverall banking operations including product structure, accounting and auditing, credit evaluation, risk management, and others meet the Shariah requirement. This study therefore embarks to investigate relationship between talent development and talent retention and also to identify the effect of talent development towards talent retention at Islamic banking institutions. A total of 175 bankers from executive to managerial level of Islamic banks in Malaysia have involved in survey conducted in this research. The results show that the respondents agreed there is a relationship between talent development and retention. In addition, talent development do significantly affect talent retention positively. Therefore, as a suggestion from the bankers, there is need to have an appropriate talent development programme to ensure that the existing talents of the Islamic banks are competent both having strong knowledge in Islamic law as well as operating knowledge of the banking business.

Resolution of the so-called “Bangsamoro Question” rests at the heart of the peace process between the Government of the Philippines (GPH) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) in the Southern Philippines, also known as the Bangsamoro homeland. Inspired by Allison and Zelikow’s conceptualization of Rational Actor Model (RAM), this paper analyzed how rational factor contributed to the conclusion of the Comprehensive Agreement on Bangsamoro (CAB) in 2014 and eventually enshrined into the Philippine Constitution through the approval of the Bangsamoro Organic Law (BOL) on July 27, 2018. This paper argued that the success of the GPH-MILF peace process does not only depend on the sincerity of the administrations of both then President Aquino III and current President Duterte, international support or commitment, pressure from civil societies and community involvement as what many commentators provided. As shown in this paper, the rational factor and its dimension significantly affected actors’ strategic interactions and the GPH-MILF peace process per se. The findings offered a new perspective for conflict-resolution and shed light on how rational dimension impacted both actors’ strategic interactions, which led to the conclusion of the GPH-MILF peace agreement. This clearly indicated that rational dimension greatly influenced GPH and MILF’s strategic interactions and thereby took flexible attitudes to resolve outstanding issues between them which consequently led to the signing of the CAB and ultimately the ratification of the BOL in 2018.

The majority of trade enterprises in Russia are guided by the average demand and delivery time indicators in stock management, and only a few large companies use simulation of logistics processes, which improves the efficiency and performance by reducing costs of storage and shortages. The article presents a model of stock management, or a model of determining the optimal delivery moment with due account for the uncertainty of demand. The criterion of minimizing the integral costs, with due account for the costs of excess stocks and the costs of the lack of goods in stock, is an efficiency criterion. The triangular distribution is considered as a law of random demand distribution, being one of the most appropriate in the context of insufficient statistical data. The economic mathematical model under consideration allows to optimize the delivery moment if risks are minimized, based on statistical data on the demand for goods in the previous period, or to use expert estimates if such data are not available. These data are sufficient for building a probability distribution for a random variable of demand. The model allows to determine the day of delivery for a certain amount of goods in the case of random demand if risks are minimized. In the case of a triangular distribution, this optimization problem has an analytical solution, which is reduced to formula evaluation.

Introduction. The article addresses the subject of integrative approach applications in tutor support of students during the university education. It presents a detailed description of using the integrative approach as a methodological principle that implies a comprehensive evaluation of students’ personality. The aim of the article is to study the specifics of integrative approach applications in tutor support of university students. Materials and methods. The main methods of the study include analysis of the scientific literature on the topic of integrative approach applications in tutor support of university students, as well as diagnostic methods, such as survey, instrumental methods and statistical methods of data analysis. Results. Typological personality characteristics, such as activity, orientation, structure of motivation and needs, ultimate values and self-regulation, were defined. The authors evaluated the level of neural dynamics and the level of brain energy metabolism (BEM), which resulted to be sig-nificantly different in students with different educational and professional orientation. Discussion. It is pointed out that the integrative approach allows evaluating individual-typological personality traits and stating that people that are oriented at nonregulated activity should be included in tutor support during their professional education. Conclusion. The results of the study allow concluding that the models of tutor support of students might be different according to the students’ educational and professional orientation.

This paper is devoted to working out a set of focus areas for the development of the market for sports services in present-day conditions. The authors substantiate that the development of the market for sports services is crucial to the development of the nation and its human potential and requires the use of systematic approach across all of the key focus areas. The paper addresses the need for the government to create the necessary conditions that will facilitate the development of the nation’s fitness and sports services industry. The authors establish that effective management of the fitness/sports movement at the level of regions and companies is all about competently allocating the funds outlaid toward fitness and sports and furthering the development of the nation’s private sports services sector. The paper puts forth the suggestion that putting in place a system of sports services, and providing support for the existing one, in companies ought to include the initiation and development of sponsorship activity.

The article outlines some aspects of the civil legal standing of minors in international law and the national law of individual states. The authors came to the conclusion that special rules are fixed in international legal acts and in national law regarding the legal status of a minor in the civil law sphere. At the same time, there are significant differences in the national legal systems regarding: 1) the categorical apparatus that designates the civil legal personality and its elements; 2) the moment of a juvenile’s civil legal personality appearance and its correlation with the moment of the right to life (the respect for human life); 3) the scope and the content of the civil capacity of minors; 4) the possibility of a minor emancipation, its conditions and legal consequences. Given that the civil legal capacity and the legal capacity of a natural person is determined by his personal law, the revealed differences can cause certain difficulties during the application of the rules on the legal standing of a minor who is a foreign citizen or a person without citizenship. The attention is drawn to the need for a clear delineation of the categories "minor" and "child", "minor person" and "incompetent person".

The research paper proves that the essence of the effectiveness of the innovation economy is the capital-saving intensification of production. The paper fully describes the economic mechanism of capital and labor saving in the production and marketing of products and services. The primary motivation for innovative business is the growth of labor productivity in equal conditions that leads to a reduction in cost per unit of output, which certainly provides high additional revenue, covering initial expenses. This is the formula for the efficiency of industrial-innovative development of the economy. Depending on the level of innovation, profitability can be different.

It is known that the Tatar language is a part of the Kypchak group, and the modern Turkish language is comprehended in the Oguz group. In turn, they both developed under the influence of the Arabic and Persian languages. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Oguz elements were also reflected in the Tatar literary language. The Oguz elements can be seen in the works of famous writers and poets of the time, such as Musa Akkheget, Utyz Imani, Gayaz Iskhaki, Dardmand, Gabdulla Tukay and many others. Most enlighteners of the Tatar people were educated in Turkey. For example, Dardmand lived in Istanbul in 1880-1881, studied the Turkish language and literature, communicated with prominent Turkish writers, and followed their work. After returning to his homeland, he applied the experience of Turkish poets, used certain elements of the Turkish language. An important element of the ethnic affinity of the Tatar and Turkish people is the similarity of linguistic elements, traditions, folk art. The same works, for example, «??????? ?????», are a key work for these languages, the basis of Tatar and Turkish literature. Religious similarities are also an important factor for the interconnection and mutual understanding of these two peoples. Therefore, a comparative study of these two languages makes it possible to draw interesting conclusions. This determines the relevance of the topic. This article gives a comparative analysis of the participles of the Tatar and Turkish languages. The scientific novelty of this article is defined by a comparative analysis of the past participles of the Tatar (-???/-???, -???/-???) and Turkish (-mis/-mis/-mus/-müs; -dik/-dik/-duk/-dük) languages. In the course of the study, it is stated that each language, although it is part of the Turkic group, has distinctive features and peculiarities. At the same time, one can notice the influence of the Turkish language on the Tatar language. The choice of research methods is determined by the goals and objectives of the work, as well as the specificity of the studied material. The traditional methods of grammatical analysis were used in this the research: descriptive, contrastive-historical, descriptive-analytical, method of continuous sampling.

The present study looks at the basic trends in studying the phenomenon of black legend and its influence on Charles V and his image in Spanish and European history. The historiographic tradition is classified into stages according to the changes in interpreting the monarch’s life, his political, economic and cultural contribution into Spanish historical development. The approaches to Charles V’s reign are also analyzed from geographical point of view. The attitudes to Charles V are analyzed from various angles. On the one hand, the key factor is the relation between estimations and associations with Philipp II. On the other hand, the reference mark is the imperial status of Spain, which provoked diversity in interpretations. In conclusion the authors highlight the importance of obtaining a clear and unbiased outlook on the problem.

The article focuses on the concept construction in the framework of the conceptual metaphor theory by Lakoff and the frame theory by V. Evans which implements both the categorizing and stylistic functions in the discourse spaces of the novels The Sandcastle by Iris Murdoch and Killing me softly by French (2008). The construction concept helps to efficiently render the author’s message as well as the main characters’ feelings and attitudes to the relationships they are involved and themselves. Thus, we come to a conclusion that the construction concept does not only help the readers to understand the authors’ ideas and attitudes quickly and efficiently but also contributes to the linguistic creative potential of the above mentioned novels.

The annual report is a document that provides key information for stakeholders to understand a company’s performance to enable them to make decisions. This paper reports the results of an exploratory study on users’ perceptions of the importance of tax disclosure, current state of tax disclosure and usefulness of more tax disclosure in the annual reports of listed companies in Malaysia. A survey questionnaire was used for data collection through the convenience sampling technique which elicited 207 usable questionnaires for analysis. Respondents include professionals, tax officers, management executives, academics and post-graduate students attending a tax seminar. The findings show that users of annual reports agree that the tax disclosure section is an important part in the annual report and more tax information must be disclosed. They believe that tax disclosure is beneficial in facilitating decision-making and assisting tax authorities in handling tax audits. Users also perceive that tax disclosure is limited, too technical to be interpreted and agree that more tax disclosure would be useful for stakeholders to comprehend companies’ tax matters. This study recommends more research on tax disclosure to be conducted, including examining the disclosure behaviour of companies from various industries in Malaysia.

In small open economies, the connection between exchange rate and monetary policy function is well-recognised either in the form of theoretical concept or empirical literature. Unlike others, this paper revisits the study by utilising the panel threshold approach of Hansen (1999) to investigate how the monetary policy function of ASEAN-5 responding to exchange rate changes in two different policy regimes, pre-crisis (1980Q1-1996Q4) and post-crisis (1999Q1-2015Q4). The results exhibit asymmetric effect of exchange rate changes on monetary policy function in both sub-periods. The double threshold effect in the pre-crisis, showing exchange rate changes influencing the policy function in a limited threshold value. Conversely, in the post-crisis, the single threshold effect illustrating exchange rate changes having stronger effect on the policy function in various magnitudes at all threshold values. Although claiming the execution of flexible exchange rate system aftermath crisis, there exist policymakers’ intervention in stabilising the exchange rate changes with respect to ‘fear of floating’ behaviour in ASEAN-5. Lastly, in each sub-period, the threshold effect of exchange rate changes relative to inflation variation is highly significant while trivial to output gap in triggering the policy function. This witnessing, by and large, the ultimate goal of ASEAN-5 is to achieve price stability.

Preserving the environment to achieve organizational sustainability only can be done through changing the behaviour of employee to pro-environmental behaviour that the problems of environmental degradation can be addressed. However, the solution to fostering employee pro-environmental behaviour (EPEB) remain unsolved because most of the previous research have been contemplated in both private sphere and general society, but rarely in work setting. Even though many theories has been used by several researchers in examining pro-environmental behaviour in workplace, the appropriate antecedents that able to lead towards workplace practicing environmental behaviour still lacking. Parallel to this, Islam play an important role in preserving the environment as what has stated in Islamic thought, but the majority of studies which express the relationship between individual and organizational variables still focus on Western context, which ignored the important role of Islamic work ethics (IWE). Therefore, this study would integrate the role of IWE in fostering EPEB. This study also examined the relationship between IWE and EPEB based on systematic review of previous literature in the context of IWE and EPEB.

The successes of ERP system in an organization depend on knowledge transfer activities being made and the effectiveness of the transferred knowledge between the parties involved. It is important to determine a set of knowledge transfer activities that need to be done besides efforts undertaken by the organisation in ensuring ERP success. Currently, there is still lacking of standard knowledge transfer measurement and organisational support that impacted ERP system. Previous research has reported various factor impacted the transfer of knowledge in strategic alliances and joint venture. Nonetheless, organisational support is the least factor mentioned especially studies from Malaysia. Addresses this gap, the main purpose of this study is to develop a validated scale of organisational support in supporting knowledge transfer activities towards ERP system success. The study has adapted six stages of scale development and validation of measurement items according to legitimate measures. The measurement scales formed are based on literature review and field studies conducted to increase the reliability and validity values. Organisational support constructs were divided into Top Management Support, Communication and User Training and Education. Total of 16 items have been successfully established for further validation.

Sustainable development necessitates that a nation must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own desired goals. Therefore, there is need by all nations to struggle to maintain a balance between its economic development and the sustainability of its environmental resources. There have been a lot of efforts by Nigeria, since her independence in developing the right framework aimed at protecting the environment, including the marine and coastal environment, the conservation of natural resources, and the management of trans-boundary hazardous wastes. However, issues of environmental degradation occasioned by hydrocarbon production in the Niger Delta area and solid mineral mining still persist. There are also cases of improper waste disposal and unavailability of waste collection services to many households and industries. This has resulted in some severe and diverse environmental problems such as ecological problems, unplanned growth, domestic and industrial waste pollution. In fact, some of these hazards are irreversible, and resulting in loss of lives and means of livelihood of the local communities. This review is an appraisal of the efforts by the Nigerian government in attaining sustainable environmental management by examining the Nigeria’s Environmental Legal Framework, assess the compliance with the sustainable development standards, identify the challenges and suggest the way forward.

This article examines humour as a language that acts as a means of interaction between different groups of society. Variability of humour is mainly reflected in national peculiarities of it. It is easy to catch signs of humour of any nation, but to give them an accurate characterization is rather difficult. Each nation over time acquires its unique form of humour, created on the basis of life-historical experience. Humour, from the linguistic point of view, also serves as a means of expressing positive or negative feelings through language. The article provides features of linguistic humour on the example of American and English jokes. The material for research is the humorous fragments from the stories of famous writers and parts of the performances of American comedians of various topics. The relevance of this study is determined by the value worldview expressed in humour, which in its turn is reflected in the American and British linguistic cultures. The received results as theoretical and practical will be useful for further linguistic study of American and British linguocultures.

Changing behaviour towards pro-environment will not only can contribute towards organization sustainability but also will help to prevent further environment destruction. However, empirical research on developing model or solution to foster employee pro-environmental behaviour in workplace is still lacking. Therefore, this paper examines existing literature pertaining employee pro-environmental behaviour in the workplace from year 2008 to 2017 that (1) discussed individuals’ pro-environmental behaviour at workplace, (2) identified variables and antecedence that lead to pro-environmental behaviour and (3) theories used towards this behaviour. This paper also provides suggestions for future research to researchers that interested in this research topic. Based on information gathered in this paper, the role of emotion and values of employee would encourage their decision to engage in various types of pro-environmental behaviour in the workplace and provide important implications for organization sustainability.

Employee commitment plays an essential role in determining performance at work. Besides that, the joining of the Millennial generation with their different characteristics and values in the workforce has brought new challenges to strategic human resource management. Therefore, it becomes urgent and important to understand as well as increase employee commitment, especially for the Millennial employees. Nevertheless, studies related to the influence of value congruence, self-efficacy, and work well-being on commitment at work are still challenging to find in Indonesia. This research aims to examine the role of value congruence, self-efficacy, and work well-being on employee organizational commitment, especially on the Millennial generation in Indonesia. Data were collected through a survey of 256 Millennial employees in Jakarta, Indonesia. We found that value congruence and self-efficacy were positively related to employee work well-being and organizational commitment, while employee work well-being mediates the association between value congruence and self-efficacy toward employee organizational commitment. Furthermore, the managerial implications and issues for future research were discussed.

In this paper, we determine the role of the motifs of light and darkness in the forming of the image of the main character of the novel by William Faulkner Light in August. The choice of the subject matter of our study was influenced by the very title of the novel. Many researchers noted the fundamental indissolubility of its form and content. Literary scholars agree that the conflict between black and white bloods is the forming element of the central image, Christmas. In our study, we expanded the topic, since William Faulkner is famous for turning over familiar images and motifs, and we are interested in whether he does the same to the fundamental categories of light and darkness. In the course of the study, it became clear that a detailed analysis of these categories radically changes the habitual interpretation of the protagonist’s image and the axiological content of the novel.

Housing assistances such as rental, repair, deposit and construction have been part of the zakat disbursement schemes in Malaysia. Majority of the fourteen States in Malaysia do provide this kind of assistances under their zakat disbursement schemes though the practice varies from one State to another. At the Federal level however, the proposal for standardization has been made by the Department of Awqaf, Zakat and Pilgrimage (JAWHAR), Malaysia. Thus, it is the objective of the paper to document the practice of providing housing assistances to the eligible asnafs (zakat recipient) using the Manual of Zakat Disbursement Administration by JAWHAR as the basis. The study employed content analysis method to unveil the practices of providing housing assistances taking the state of Perak practices as an example. The study confirms that the zakat fund is used for housing assistances stemming from the principle that accommodation is one of the human necessities other than food, costumes, medication, education and transportation, but it is not on the large scale of housing development. These housing assistances are aimed to provide a better living environment for the wellbeing of asnafs.

Organizational commitment is one of the most widely used variables in the research of management and Organizational Behaviour (OB). However, lapses examine its mediating role, specifically between climate for innovation and employee retention relationship. This research sets out as a cross sectional study that incorporates several theories, namely Social Exchange Theory (SET), Three Component Model (TCM) of organizational commitment, and Life-span theory. Judgemental nonprobability sampling was adopted as the method for data collection. A total of 444 academics from both public and private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) all over Malaysia participated in this research. Data was analyzed using SmartPLS 3.25. Bootstrapping procedure was used to test the mediating effect of climate for innovation. One of the major findings of this research expressed a positive significant association of climate for innovation, organizational commitment, and employee retention. On top of that, climate for innovation was discovered to have a mediating effect on this relationship. This research is significant in terms of theoretical and practical contribution. This study adds to the growing body of research by making up for the absence of reliable evidence in the literature particularly the mediating role of organizational commitment. Together, this paper enlightens practitioners in employee retention planning.

This article deals with the problematic nature of the concept of sound law in linguistics, where the authors attempt to comprehend the reasons for the sharp criticism of this concept in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, by relying on the modern understanding of science on the whole and the status of scientific law in particular. The paper gives a brief historical reference to the formation of the concept of scientific law, which was a prerequisite for the emergence of the sound law in linguistics. It gives the postulates by Osthoff (1878) and K. Bruggmann who swore allegiance to the sound law and represents their sharp criticism by such linguists as H. (Baudouin, 1968; Saussure, 1977). Investigating the works by the critics of Neogrammarian concept, the authors attempt to determine the causes of the problematic nature of this concept, which later would help determine the modern status of the scientific law in linguistics, and accordingly, the possibility of the existence of sound laws.

The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of local expenditures (BD) of districts/cities in Aceh Province. This study used secondary data in form of budget realization reports and local expenditures of districts/cities in Aceh province from 2011 to 2015. Data were accessed on legal sites of Central Bureau of Statistic, the financial management and wealth agency of Aceh, and the Ministry of Finance. The result of this study indicated that Regional Gross Domestic Bruto (PDRB), Local Government Revenue (PAD), General Alocation Fund (DAU), and Special Allocation Fund (DAK) influenced local expenditures (BD). Based on the election areas 1 and 2, there were two differences in PDRB, PAD, DAU, and DAK. The other findings of this study revealed that there was a possibility of flypaper effect in the districts/cities of Aceh Province, and will be the further study.

The authors in the proposed article refer to modern German drama, namely to the plays of such authors as Hübner, Nemitz and Neidhart. A new generation of dramatists writes about the present, but at the same time adds a variety of innovative, experimental forms and techniques created by the previous era to their arsenal. The focus is on the problem of migrants, tolerance, addressed by German playwrights Hübner and S. Nemitz in the play Willkommen. Despite the fact that the problem of migrants is relevant in Europe in the last few years more than ever, the German writers do not pay much attention to it. There is the notion of migrant literature, but the writers of non-German origin who write in German refer, first and foremost, to it. The theme of attitudes toward migrants is connected with the problem of individualism in modern society. It becomes a key in the works by Neidhart. The article analyzes, first of all, her play Lisenko and Shevchenko. This play represents a vivid example of verbatim drama. It covers the crisis of fertility in modern Europe, which is connected with the growth of individualism and egocentrism in modern society.

Studying Vladimir Nabokov’s works, we have been convinced of the continuity of the social codes, beginning with antiquity (there is a special place for mythology in Nabokov’s creative works), and ending with the XX century. However, in our opinion, the most powerful influence was exerted on the writer by the cultural traditions of Europe, especially by literature of the XIX century. It is not possible to study all the aspects of the continuity, so within the framework of this article we have considered the most important ones, which, due to the continuity, acquire a deeper philosophical meaning and an additional connotation. We analyzed the existing themes, motives and images in V. Nabokov’s creative works, and we saw the influence of F. Nietzsche, A. Bergson, M. Proust and D. G. Lawrence on the artistic method of the writer.

The article examines the evolution of church-state relations during the period after the Great Reforms of Emperor Alexander II (the post-Reform period), which was expressed in the strengthening of Church activity dependence on secular bureaucracy in Russian Empire during the second half of the 19th century. In particular, these changes are traced in the activity of the Kazan Diocesan Consistory: a new system of relations is being formed between the diocesan bishop as the head of the diocese and the Secretary of the consistory appointed by the Holy Synod, controlled by the Synodal Chief Procurator, and between the presence of the consistory consisting of the diocesan clergy representatives and secular officials, the employees of the consistory office and departments. The conclusions obtained by the authors allow us to speak about the consistent implementation of state-bureaucratic principle strengthening policy in the activities of the Orthodox Church not only on the general imperial (synodal) but also on the regional (diocesan) level. The materials and the conclusions of the article can be claimed during the study of the history of Russia in the second half of the XIXth century, the history of the Russian Orthodox Church and church-state relations, the history of state institutions, the regional history of the Russian province, in particular, the history of Tatarstan.

The subject of the study of the article is the question of models of phraseological units (PhU) with gender component (a substantive component that expresses the category of gender) formed on the basis of metaphorical and metonymic reinterpretation of the components. The category of gender is considered as a semantic category, correlated with the conceptual category of sex. The analysis is based on the English and Tatar languages. The object of the study are the PhU with a gender component, formed on the basis of metaphorical and metonymic re-interpretation of the components. The article aims to define the common and the different in the patterns of phraseological units, based on metaphorical and metonymic reinterpretation, in English and Tatar. The study of metaphorical models results in identification of metaphorical personification, antonomasia, periphrasis, comparison, and algorism. The most common pattern turned to be periphrasis, in the Tatar language there are a lot of phraseological units – algorisms and comparisons. Common is a synecdoche among the metonymic models (in the Tatar language), metonymic paraphrases (rare in both languages) and metonymical antonomasia (used in English). The author comes to the conclusion that metaphoric transfers are common in both languages, but the Tatar phraseology is more vivid through the use of comparisons, algorisms. English phraseology is more “restrained” but it is diverse as it has deeper roots.

This article deals with the problems of education process organizing within the University in the field of international relations study. The peculiarity of the line is that the perfect knowledge of the languages studied should be supported by a profound knowledge in the sphere of specialization. It means that the future graduates should understand political, economic and geopolitical affairs around the world and ought to be good enough to analyze the specific literature, to point out the principal ideas of the TV and Radio programmes, to use the obtained language skills solving the daily tasks at a workplace. Thus, here we see the necessity of all the aspects of language mastering as listening, reading, use of language skills and etcetera, along with training the students how to operate the knowledge they received within the education process. In order to achieve the goals supposed, it is preferable to use a set of vocabulary assessment tests and self-study cases, putting the learners in true to life situations, where they will have to cope with different difficulties natural for the international relations line.

This study explained various theories by comparing their phases for modeling of outsourcing theories. This research is based on extensive literature reviews, which direct to the classification of different outsourcing theories for its modeling. All these models, theories with respect to its outsourcing phases have their own advantages and disadvantages, thus a critical analysis is required in order to achieve useful conclusions for the organizations who intend to implement such theories. The review of the Outsourcing theories is based on preparation, vendor(s) selection, transition, management of relationship, and reconsideration phases.

The article reviews the problem of creative writing at foreign language lessons by means of using written and oral tasks at non-language specialties. Implementation of creative writing is proposed as a solution to this problem. Key features of creative writing and their influence on the components of creative thinking are analyzed. The main methods of creative writing and options of their introduction into educational process are described. The analysis of educational potential of creative writing in learning of the foreign language is carried out. The purpose of this work is to study the technology of creative writing to develop students’ creative thinking in teaching English. The results of the article could be effectively used as part of the teaching program to improve the pedagogical cycle of subjects of students of Kazan Federal University. It can be also used for everybody who is interested in effective and modern ways of teaching.

This study aims to determine how the value proposition can be used as a tool to create product value for consumers. For that created a value proposition of the model using the business model canvas in particular by applying the value proposition associated with a canvas model of customer development. So then with communication and interview on potential consumers can be created products that are expected to be useful for solving the problems faced by consumers. And the product is also expected advantage product value for consumers and companies. This simple research using descriptive method, by conducting direct interviews on prospective customers (customer interview) who will use the products offered as a product of the startup business.

The purpose of this study is to explore the social network that lead to innovation among women entrepreneurs (WE) in small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs). This paper is to identify the most important networks that helped WE in business deal and determine the way networks contribute to innovation in entrepreneurs’ businesses. Insights were derived through a qualitative, in-depth, interview-based study of five WE operating Food Manufacturing Industry in Selangor. There is an urgent need to explore the social network that lead to innovation among WE. Moreover, with complex social phenomenon where relationships of entrepreneurs is prominent, this method is the most suitable to uncover the scenario. Interviews conducted with WE Bumiputera (Indigenous) of small manufacturing of food and beverages firms located in Selangor. Hence, the findings indicate that these micro-entrepreneurs have successfully innovate their business, with the helped by two main networks that become their strong supporter that are Personal Network and Business Network. In addition, this paper reveal the reasons entrepreneurs were not involved in all networks at once. Besides, they provide explanations for not being involved in the other three networks, which are Professional, Reputation, Competition Network, and Community Network. Therefore, from the ideas, comments, and supports from both main network, they have been successful in creating product innovation, process innovation and marketing innovation but not being able to make organizational innovation. Finally, this study provide recommendations to SMEs, government agencies and future researchers.

This article deals with the study of similarities and differences in expression of the correspondence of the norm to English and Tatar linguistic cultures using the material of phraseological units with a gender component. The paper defines the concept of norm in language and phraseology. One singles out the main groups of phraseological units according to whether they conform to the norm or not. The gender direction in linguistics, the subject of which is the interrelation of language and gender as a social factor, considers the concepts such as “gender”, “femaleness”, “maleness”. Gender is expressed in semantics and in the grammar of the language, forming a linguistic image of the world, which in turn depends on the conceptual image. The gender image of the world is not biologically determined, and the concepts of femaleness and maleness are determined by cultural and historical factors, in particular, by language stereotypes in different cultures and language communities. Gender metaphor also influences the formation of a conceptual and linguistic image of the world. A gender metaphor is understood as “the transfer not only of the physical, but also of the totality of spiritual qualities and properties, united by the nominations of femininity and masculinity to the objects that are not connected with sex”. In different language communities, femininity and masculinity referents often do not coincide, which creates difficulties in intercultural communication and translation.

The advancement in market environment complexities has led to the rise of significant awareness amongst the organisations on the need for change. This paper thus reviews these employees’ readiness for change within the organisation, where readiness is defined as the organisational members’ belief, attitudes and intentions regarding the extent to which changes are needed and the organisations’ capacity to successfully make those changes. It is crucial for an organisation to understand the employees’ readiness for the organisational change instead of focusing merely on resistance to change since it can be more useful for implementing effective human resource practices and organisation development interventions. Therefore, via content analysis, the concept of individual readiness for organisational change as well as its relationship with the four categories of antecedents, which are internal context, change-specific content, process and individual attributes are critically reviewed. This paper also highlights some of the issues on readiness for change and research areas that can be considered for future studies. It is hoped that this paper can be an eye-opener for the organisations in Malaysia to start embarking on the change management amongst their employees towards becoming a globally competitive nation by 2020.

The mobile phone has become a regular feature in the Malaysian society. Besides making calls, mobile phones are used to send text messages, listen to music, play games, take photographs, surf the net, etc. For teenagers in particular, the mobile phone is an indispensable thing that must be bring along all the time. From the point of view of parents, mobile phone is a means for them to be able to keep in touch with their children when their children move away from their parental home. But, schools and educational settings reported that mobile phones have caused lots of discipline issues in schools and mobile phones should be banned in schools. A survey was conducted to explore the usage behaviours of mobile phone among teenagers and its implications to teenagers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The data were collected through survey questionnaires filled by 512 teenagers, aged between 13-18 years old in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The findings revealed that misuse of mobile phone will lead to negative consequences to teenagers. The study recommends a provision of guidance and counselling services to teenagers on the use of mobile phone.

Internal quality audit is one of audit types that can improve the quality of organization’s services. Nowadays internal quality audit is not only applied by profit-oriented organizations but also nonprofit-oriented organizations such as university. This research aims to find out how the perception of the internal quality auditor of a university on training, experience, independence, professionalism, accountability, and competency in terms of quality auditing. The respondent of this research is internal quality auditors of Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga. This research uses descriptive qualitative approach. Data of this research is collected by distributing a list of question and interviewing ten internal quality auditors who agree to be the respondent. The result shows that all these respondents have a good perception of their training, experience, independence, professionalism, accountability, and competency.

The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of solving the problem of training a future specialist, a subject teacher who has professional competences formed at a new level. The article is aimed at studying the innovations in modern teaching, techniques, technologies and methods for improving the quality of the didactic interaction of subjects of the educational process within the framework of higher professional pedagogical education by the way of the example of training future mathematics teachers. At present, the problems associated with the disclosure of the didactic capacities of modern educational meta-cognitive technologies of a reflexive nature in the context of the practice-oriented professional training of future specialists remain inadequate, and in particular, in the formation of highly developed subject-specific thinking as one of the form of professional thinking of the future specialist. The article reflects the results of the experimental work having been carried out to introduce a didactic model of forming subject-specific thinking of the students, future teachers of mathematics, by means of metacognitive reflexive technologies in the synthesis with information and communication technologies. The investigation used the following methods: theoretical (the analysis of psychological and educational literature on the research problem, the study of mass and the generalization of advanced pedagogical experience, the pedagogical modeling), empirical (pedagogical observation, conversation, questioning, interviewing, testing). The materials of the article can be useful for practical professional activities of the teachers of higher educational institutions, the trainees of the system of additional professional education of pedagogical personnel, and all those who are interested in the theory and practice of implementing modern educational technologies.

Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) is vital in improving the management and productivity of organization. Green HRM is a new approach which is implemented in the organizations in order to improve the environmental management. There are several studies about green HRM and they are not adequate to provide guidelines to the organization. This paper focuses on the awareness of HR Manager about Green Human Resource Management in Manufacturing Industry. There are three objectives of study. The first objective is to determine to what extent HR managers in Manufacturing Industry aware about green HRM and second, to identify perceived challenges of adopting green HRM in manufacturing industry. The third objective is to identify perceived benefits of adopting green HRM in manufacturing industry. This study was conducted in Manufacturing Companies in the Southern Part of Malaysia. The methodology employed is qualitative inquiry as it able to generate deeper understanding of underexplored social phenomenon of the context under study. The data collection technique adopted is in-depth interview with the managers of HR department in manufacturing companies in Johore. The data analysis adopted for this study is thematic analysis. The result had shown that most HR managers were not aware about what the meaning of the term of green HRM but surprisingly their companies have already implement and adopt several elements of green HRM. The study has articulated the benefits of adopting green HRM but also attentive to the challenges in adopting the green HRM in their firms. In conclusion, this study provides a deeper understanding to the managerial perspectives on the benefits and challenges of green HRM.

Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious infectious disease of the viral etiology. The causative agent of this infection is poliovirus. The target system of poliovirus is the nervous system when it penetrates a human body. According to official data of the World Health Organization, in most cases children under the age of 5 are exposed to poliomyelitis. The studied infectious nosology refers to immunocontrolled pathologies, which helps to minimize risks for public health. In Russian Federation (RF) vaccination against poliomyelitis is included in the National calendar of preventive vaccinations. However, there are risks associated with migration processes. In this study, they used the data from state reports of the Federal Service for the Supervision of Consumer Rights and Human Welfare Protection (Rospotrebnadzor) "On the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of RF population" to analyze the epidemiological situation of poliomyelitis in Russian Federation and in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) and the following report data from Rospotrebnadzor Department in RT: "On the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population in the Republic of Tatarstan" in 2012-2016. They analyzed the forms of the federal statistical observations ? 1, 2 "Information on infectious and parasitic diseases" for the same period with the use of statistical processing methods. It has been established that during the period under study, the cases of poliomyelitis caused by wild poliovirus strain have not been recorded on the territories of Russian Federation and RT. A similar situation with vaccine-associated polio is recorded in RT during 2012-2016. In general, the cases of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis were registered in Russian Federation during 2013 (6 cases), 2014 (5 cases) and 2016 (1 case). The immunization of the population against poliovirus in RF and RT is characterized as stably high. Thus, the vaccination / revaccination rates are at 95% or higher from the planned number. This measure is regarded as an effective management decision during the prevention of poliomyelitis. Such factors as migration processes with poliomyelitis endemic countries, the emergence of vaccine-producing poliomyelitis viruses are identified as epidemiological risks that can adversely affect the sanitary and epidemiological situation of poliomyelitis in Russian Federation.

Media, entertainment, and other forms of popular culture play a significant role in shaping our perceptions of others. For many of us, popular culture is the primary way we learn about people who are different from us. The problem, though, is that many representations are based on cultural stereotypes, which tend to marginalize and caricature members of non-dominant groups. Through these representations, we see a limited, and distorted, view of others. Both entertainment and news media are powerful forces in creating and perpetuating negative cultural stereotypes, especially about racial and ethnic groups. In television and film, characters from non-dominant racial and ethnic groups often fall into formulaic tropes, and their storylines easily follow cliché narratives. The consistency of these representations reinforces stereotypes and makes them more readily available in our minds. Over the last decade, museums have experienced a strong cultural shift from object-oriented towards audience-oriented strategic approaches. The new approaches need to be addressed due to social change and the advent of communication technology as a result of the establishment of new forms of community. This research paper examines the relevant literature on this transformation and presents supportive evidence of the impact that social media have upon the relationship between museum institutions and their audiences. The Department of Museums Malaysia’s Facebook page provides a comprehensive evaluation of the museum’s general social media strategy. Given the widespread and dominance use of Facebook and other social media, the degree of engagement of museum institutions and social media seem to have become an inseparable factor on the scale of effectiveness of the relation with museum audiences and the levels of visitor attendance. The purpose of this research aims to provide an initial comprehensive set of insights into the use of social media by museum institutions by using one of the most prestigious museums in Malaysia as a case study.

The constitutional proclamation of Russia as a legal state with the elements of civil society impose the observance of the constitutional principles of legality on state institutions concerning the activities of state bodies. The judiciary power is called upon to protect these principles. The relevance of this study topic is determined by the reform of political and socio-economic relations in Russia, which are invariably connected with the increased attention to human rights problems, their provision with various state funds, among which the judiciary power holds the main place. The judicial control exercised by it ensures not only the recognition of human rights in full, but is also the most effective guarantee of democracy and freedom in Russian society. The adoption of RF Constitution in 1993, the reforming of Russian legislation, shows that Russia has embarked on the path of serious intentions and actions in the field of human rights. In the Address of RF President to RF Federal Assembly "Russia needs to be strong and competitive" HE noted that a significant step was taken in judicial and legal system modernization. Most of the necessary legislative and other normative legal acts have been adopted already. The changes concerned not only the organization and the working conditions of the courts, but also the procedures that protect the rights of an individual and the accessibility of justice. The relevance of the chosen research topic is also confirmed by the fact that the optimization of judicial authority operation is not complete yet.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of management core competencies on universities and higher education institutions’ quality assurance. The population of the study was all faculty members of the Zahedan University in 2014-2015 academic year. Based on the Cochran formula, 160 out of 300 faculty members were selected using stratified random sampling method. Two researcher- made questionnaires were employed for this study. The reliability coefficient values for the questionnaire of management core competencies and the questionnaire of quality assurance were 0.79 and 0.72, respectively. The results of the study showed that management core competencies had a positive effect on universities and higher education institutions’ quality assurance.

This paper seeks out the historical background of Palestine conflict over the years with its respective stages from the perspective of defining who are Israelis, Jewish and Judaism. How they came and made Israel from historical events and what lure them to occupy this land and developed it for themselves. This paper also sketches a number of geographical patterns pertaining to the ongoing process of confiscation of Palestinian-Arab land in Israel. It points out a geographical pattern and course of action of “enclaving” and “exclaving”, a form of spatial apartheid and exclusionary zoning which was espoused during the pre-state period of Jewish settlement and has continued down to the present day. By having findings on the conflict, paper suggest legitimization from the realm of psychological repertoires by following Kurt Lewin model of change for peaceful resolution of Palestine conflict on concluding notes.

The article shows the urgency of control system development by unmanned vehicles based on computer vision technologies. These technologies are used in such tasks as a car location determination, the detection of obstacles and a suitable parking place determination. These tasks are resource intensive and must be performed in real time. Therefore, it is important to develop effective models, methods and tools that ensure the achievement of the required time and the accuracy of use in unmanned vehicle control systems. At that, the choice of image representation model is important. In this paper, they considered the model of energy characteristics. On its basis, it is possible to develop the descriptions of images to highlight and analyze their characteristic features, also for the isolating of contours, regions, and special points. The effectiveness of the proposed approach to image analysis is conditioned by the fact that the objects (road signs, road marking or car numbers) under consideration that have to be revealed and identified are characterized by the relevant features. Besides, the use of wavelet transformations allows one to perform the same basic operations to solve a set of tasks in onboard unmanned vehicle systems, also for the tasks of image primary processing, segmentation, description, recognition and compression. The application of this approach will allow to reduce the time for all procedure performance and to reduce the requirements to compute the resources of the vehicle on-board system.

The article proves that the ban can be characterized as a state- (social-) strong-willed deterrent (limiting) means, which under the threat of legal (legal) responsibility is designed to prevent illegal acts of the subject (natural or legal person) and thereby ensure the maintenance of law and order. The ban is a necessary means of ensuring high organization of social relations, consolidation of legal values-is a significant regulator of social relations, designed to ensure the effectiveness of legal regulation. However, the peculiarity of the legal reality of semi-traditional societies, which include moleno and Russia, transforms the role of the ban in legal regulation, strengthening its effect not only legally, but also mentally. Compliance with both legal and legal prohibitions is ensured not so much by the existence of an effective mechanism of legal regulation as by the conformist-marginal mentality of the individual and society.

Digital technology is essential in teaching and learning mathematics to understand the basic concept and the way of problem solving technique. The primary observation found that the mathematics lecturers are not fully utilizing digital technology in their classroom, while teaching engineering students. A survey was conducted to study the barriers preventing the integration and adoption of digital technology in teaching mathematics. Five major barriers were identified: insufficient lecturer training opportunities, inadequate technical support, and lack of knowledge about ways to integrate digital technology to enhance the curriculum, lack of time in the college or university schedule for involving Information and Communication Technology and unavailability of digital resources for the students to access the necessary mathematical materials. To overcome some of these barriers, this research proposes a prototype system for teaching and learning mathematics. The prototype system consists of three users; administrator, lecturer and students. It has many amenities such as lesson planner, assignments, collection of mathematical tools, resources storage, and mathematical guidelines, latest research and projects, forum and so on. The prototype system will be prepared for teaching and learning mathematics much more interesting, inventive, innovative, exploratory, and user friendly manner.

It is believed that the presence or absence of political dynasties in regional leadership has significant impact to the society. There is the important role of leader to the community that his lead on. Based on the previous research it is found that it was found that governments in which prevalence of political dynasties, spend more resources, especially in terms of infrastructure investment in urban areas, health and sanitation, and had no improvement in changes in the quality of public services. That is why the increasing in the practice of political dynasties in regional leadership government in Indonesia emerged the pros and cons of these conditions. In the line with the pros and cons of those conditions, hence the purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of political dynasty on regional leadership, human capital and economic development in Indonesia empirically, which had not previously been done in Indonesia. This research uses qualitative and quantitative research methods to analyze the presence or absence of political dynasties theoretically and empirically. Using theoretical studies and empirical events supported by secondary data from competent sources, the research method is based on the interest to be able to use appropriate research methods in studying political dynasties, because the most important in the study of politics is the existence of mutually refining relationships and is based on the correct scientific method, one of which is to interact with reality empirical, with the aim of solving various problems. The finding of this research that there were some significant relations of human capital that measured by school participation rate and population density on economic development, measured by number of poor people and working population However, there was no significant influence on the prevalence of the practice of political dynasties in the leadership of a region on both poverty reduction and the increase in the working population as an indicator of economic development.

The aim of this study is to investigate the direct relationship between spiritual intelligence and work engagement as well as the relationship between work engagement and affective commitment. In addition, this study also aims to examine the role of work engagement as a mediator on the relationship between spiritual intelligence and affective commitment. As there is scarce empirical evidence with regard to the role of work engagement as a mediator, particularly between spiritual intelligence and affective commitment, this study contributes towards enriching this field of study. The study was conducted on a sample of 372 police officers in five states, namely Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Johor, Sarawak and Sabah. Hypothesis testing was analyzed using PLS-SEM analysis. Results indicated that: (1) three dimensions of spiritual intelligence consisting of critical existential thinking (CET), personal meaning making (PMP) and transcendental awareness (TA) has a positive direct and significant relationship with work engagement; (2) one dimension of spiritual intelligence consisting of conscious state expansion) (CSE) has non-significant relationship with work engagement. (3) Work engagement has a positive and significant direct relationship with affective commitment; (4) Work engagement has a significant role as mediators between the relationship of the three dimensions of spiritual intelligence (CET, PMP and TA) with affective commitment. (5) Work engagement has non-significant role as mediators between the relationships of one dimension of spiritual intelligence (CSE) with affective commitment. Results of this study have proven that work engagement was significant in the role of mediator to influence spiritual intelligence in the relationship with affective commitment. Findings of the study also indicate the importance of spiritual intelligence in influencing loyalty and commitment of the police officers.

Climate change is a global problem and it is more likely caused by human activities and human greed. Studies on media representations of climate change by far are less potent on Asia country compared with Western societies. Climate change is one of the crucial issues and the media has been established to play an essential key role in constructing public awareness and policy adaptation. The research aims to examine and compare Malaysia’s Chinese newspapers’ portrayal on climate change mitigation and adaption from January 2015 to December 2015. Agenda setting theory is used to guide this study. Two major Chinese newspapers in Malaysia which are Sin Chew Daily and China Press were chosen as content analysis materials as both newspapers have the highest readership and circulation compare with others Chinese newspaper. Through the analysis of Malaysia major Chinese newspaper, both newspapers have a different level of media attention on climate change mitigation and adaptation issue. The media attention includes news monthly distribution, news focus, news perception, news genre and domesticity. Both newspapers mentioned above represented a unique way of reporting climate change issue. The greater of media attention on climate change issue can provide a wider exposure with the community.

Employees retention represents one of the main keys to organizational productivity, performance, competitive advantage and success. Therefore, organizations look for ways to improve their employees’ satisfaction and retention. Organizations worldwide have been realizing the importance of this issue. However, many organizations - specifically in Arabic context - still failing in retaining their employees, especially the most talented and qualified ones. Although many studies have been done to investigate the effect of human resources practices on employees’ satisfaction and retention, many of these studies show the impact of the monetary part of it such as compensation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate effects of non-monetary practices, training and career development on employees’ retention in organizations within the telecommunication sector in Yemen. Moreover, current study seeks to investigate the mediating role of that job satisfaction in the training, career development, and employees’ retention relationship. Using a sample of 100 non-managerial employees in the four Yemeni telecommunication organizations, results indicated that training has a positive impact on the employees’ satisfaction and retention. In fact, results show the importance of training in enhancing employees’ satisfaction as well as improving their retention rate in the telecommunication sector in Yemen. Surprisingly, results showed that career development has no relationship with employees’ satisfaction or retention. Results also found that Job satisfaction mediates the relationship between training and employees’ retention in the Yemeni telecommunication sector.

Human Resource Management (HRM) practices play a crucial role in an organization. HRM practices consist of appropriate tools that need to be analysed and suited to the organization’s objectives. This paper studied employee retention at the National Hydrographic Centre (NHC) and how each selected HRM function can meet its objectives. The objective of this study was to explore and examine the training, compensation, empowerment and appraisal practices toward NHC’s employee retention. The framework was adopted from (Hong et al., 2012) on how to retain the best employee and engage them with the NHC community. Four hypotheses were developed based on this framework to study the relationship between the four constructs with employee retention. Using Google Form, 251 questionnaires were distributed to the NHC personnel from the Sections and Unit under the NHC structure, and 200 questionnaires were returned. Statistical analysis was used to analyse the data. The results showed that all the variables were significant, with ß = 0.580 for training, ß = 0.452 for appraisal, ß = 0.363 for compensation, and ß = 0.284 for empowerment. The findings serve as an added value added for HRM practitioners and a guideline for future HRM practices to implement new policies, new benefits to the staff welfare and HRM programmes.

There is growing concern on environmental impacts resulted from building operation system and concern for the environment in people lifestyle. Among questions that has been arose was related to sustainable theme parks destinations-are they even exist? It is evident in few studies indicate that major theme parks are starting to give their inherently unsustainable operations a fresh, green implementation. Environmental footprint matters for theme park as it operations contribute to the increasing of waste generation, water and power used. Thus, this paper aims to study on the green implementation for theme park in Malaysia. Reassuring to achieve the aim, two objectives were established: 1) to identify ways in conserving energy through technical and operational enhancement, 2) to discover the important criteria for green theme park implementation. Literature review and in-depth interviews have been conducted. Experts opinion were employed in getting rich data for the study. The result shows that there was initiative for implementing green concept in Malaysian theme park. Technical aspects that associated with green implementation for Malaysian theme park were consumption of energy, consumption of water, construction, maintenance, management of waste, materials and the design of theme park. Expanding lifespan of theme park, decreasing the use of chemical elements and rate to run the equipment can save a lot of energy contribute to the operational aspects of green theme park. Materials, energy efficiency, water efficiency were among important criteria needed to implement green theme park. Many efforts to discover green implementation have been conferred into green theme park in project management cycle.

Even before the call of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), the Ministry of Education Malaysia has realised the needs for Science and Mathematics to be taught in English. Indubitably, learning Science and Mathematics via the English language may pose some trials and obstacles to the students. Thus, this study aims to identify the students’ language capabilities and attitudes towards learning Science and Mathematics in English and the difference in the constructs between the students. In addition, it also discovers challenges in learning the subjects using the English language. 195 form two and form three students participated in this study. This study employed five-point Likert scale questionnaire and interview as the research instruments. Based on the findings, the respondents were found to be positive in their language capabilities and attitudes to learn both subjects in English. The t-test results also revealed the findings further. In greater details, the interview sessions unravelled hindrances faced by the participants. To sum up, the aim to valorise the standard of English among the students via the learning of Science and Mathematics is highly propitious. Hence, more support and assistance should be given to the students to ease their learning process.

Fisheries are significantly contributing to the different aspects of a community such as livelihoods, supplying of food and ensuring security of food at both local and global levels. It also provides a vital source of protein as well as cash income for many families in the developing world. Though, fisheries sector is supporting about 11% of the total population’s livelihood of Bangladesh but fisherman is one of the most vulnerable communities in Bangladesh. Moreover, like other developing countries in Bangladesh, small-scale fisheries (SSFs) are making significant support regarding food nutrition and ensuring food security, alleviating poverty and sustainable livelihoods of the people. However, the livelihood of SSFs are undervalued both in the global and national scale by the scholars. Considering the above fact, it is very necessary to overview the current livelihood status of small scale fishing communities of inland open water area of Bangladesh. This study discussed the socio demographic status of SSFs in the Chalan Beel area of Bangladesh. Using a primary data survey this study discussed the SSF household head’s sex, age, marital status, education, household size, household dependency ratio, livelihood, general health, food and water management and social networking, for three upazilas (subdistricts) which are part of Chalan Beel of Bangladesh.

Despite some success in the study of pre-eclampsia, it is still one of the main causes in the structure of maternal mortality. The tissues of the reproductive organs: ovaries, uterus, placenta, testis and pituitary have the receptors for vitamin D, and the association of vitamin D role with reproductive health is evident. The aim of the study was to study the effect of vitamin D deficiency on renin concentration among pregnant women from the groups of pre-eclampsia development risk. The pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and the patients with a high risk of pre-eclampsia development who are planning pregnancy were studied for vitamin D, endothelin and renin concentrations, since it is known from literature data that enzymes like renin are found in the uterus, placenta and in the walls of some large arteries. The material of the study was blood. The method of enzyme immunoassay and the sets of biomedicagruppe (Germany) were used to determine the availability of vitamin D, the enzyme immunoassay and Immuno Chem (USA) sets were used to determine the renin concentration. The patients with developed preeclampsia showed highly reliable correlations between low vitamin D values and high blood pressure (r = 0.68, p < 0.01), high endothelin level in blood (r = 0.56, p < 0.01), high renin concentration (r = 0.72, p < 0.01), an early onset of PE (r = 0.46 p < 0.05). The risk group of pre-eclampsia development among the women planning a pregnancy was composed of 30 women with hypertension, 31 - with kidney disease, 24 - with obesity (BMI > 34), 13 - with body weight deficit. The supply of vitamin D and the level of ionized Ca among these women were significantly lower (0.07 ± 0.01 mmol/l) than among the women not included in risk group (1.2 ± 0.02 mmol/l); the renin concentration exceeded the mean values among the women of the control group. The patients with hypertension and obesity had the renin concentration at the upper limit of physiological parameters (30.4 ± 1.8 and 28.4 ± 1.6 pg/ml, respectively), and the level of vitamin D was lower than in other nosologies among the patients of high risk group (14.8 ± 1.5 and 13.9 ± 1.5 ng/ml, respectively). At renal diseases and body mass deficiency, the renin concentration was 16.6 ± 0.7 and 12.4 ± 0.8 pg/ml, respectively, while the level of vitamin D was 17.4 ± 1.5 and 16.9 ± 1.2 ng/ml.

The province of Aceh is the only province in Indonesia that has the authority to fully implement the Islamic law. The authority of Islamic law enforcement is then implemented through the establishment of a number of provincial regulations known as qanun. However, the enforcement of Islamic law is criticized by some non-governmental organization because it can increase discrimination against women. Therefore, this study aims to see the effectiveness of Islamic law enforcement to empower and protect women. This research is a quantitative research that tests the effectiveness of Islamic law enforcement. The purpose of this research is to know the effectiveness of Islamic law enforcement to empower and protect women in Aceh province, Indonesia. The population of this research is women who use social media located in the province of Aceh, Indonesia. Respondents of this research taken from a particular population. Questionnaires are used as data collection methods. Data analysis method used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using IBM SPSS Amos software. The result of this research shows that Islamic law enforcement has a significant impact to empower and protect women in Aceh Province, according to the principle adopted by the Aceh government that women as noble beings need to be empowered and are entitled to protection in accordance with Islamic law.

For a higher educational institution, students’ satisfaction plays an important part in the measurement of customer satisfaction in assessing service quality. Student satisfaction measures how well the expectations of a student relating to a service provided by the university. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the elements of service quality process and the learning outcome and its relationship to students’ satisfaction level. The researcher conducted the research based on the SERVQUAL model to measure the gap between students’ expectation for the service and their perception of actual service delivered. The five dimensions of service quality are studied, which include assurance, responsiveness, empathy, reliability, and tangibility. Several satisfaction levels were also evaluated include the student’s satisfaction level on the service quality of the lecturers, physical facilities, the learning outcome and their demographic profiles. The data were analysed using the SPSS software. The result indicated that the students are satisfied with the quality of the lecturers, physical facilities and the learning outcome but there are certain elements in the service delivery that need to be improved. These are indicated by the gaps between students’ expectation and their actual experience. The finding helps the management of the university understand both student expectations and perceptions of specific services, and areas that need to be improved.

The article makes generalization about domestic and foreign constitutional experience of parliamentary responsibility of the government in the comparative analysis of the ongoing legal policy in certain foreign countries. The conducted analysis of practice of law makes it possible to identify both advantages and disadvantages of the Russian model of parliamentary responsibility of the government, which makes it possible to formulate proposals concerning the raise of the level of government responsibility in Russia. Based on the general analysis, the author substantiates practical proposals for improving Russian legislation and summarizes theoretical approaches to the formation and development of the policy of law in foreign countries. In the process of analyzing the sources describing the implementation of the mechanism of executive responsibility in European countries, the author’s research interest was aimed at studying the heterogeneity and diversity of laws in the legislation of many countries regulating the mechanism of parliamentary responsibility of the government, as well as the proximity of certain norms of legislative regulation of the mechanisms of responsibility of foreign states and the Russian Federation. The article focuses on general theoretical issues of law policy, including the analysis of the distribution of the burden of constitutional responsibility between the members of government in foreign countries, the correlation of constitutional and political responsibility, pays special attention to the problems of applying sanctions against the persons belonging to the Government of the Russian Federation and foreign countries, analyzes the foreign experience of ministers’ responsibility and draws attention to the development of law policy in the sphere of formation of parliamentary responsibility of the government in Russia.

The unemployment problem among graduates is associated with issues of shortage and weakness of graduates issued by Higher Education Institutions (IPTs). The unemployment caused by lack of soft skills (KI) includes problem solving skills. This study aims to identify the application of problem solving skills through entrepreneurship co-curriculum among students at University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). The total population involved is 35 students who are involved in entrepreneurship co-curriculum at UTHM. The researchers used all the population as a sample of the study. Researchers used document analysis instruments, observations, analysis of interview transcripts and questionnaire analysis. The study was conducted in mixed form. That is a combination of qualitative and quantitative studies. This qualitative study consists of document analysis, observation and interview. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) Version 16. The results of this study found that there was an application in problem solving skills in entrepreneurship co-curriculum.

The Russian-born American writer Ayn Rand (1905-1982) became famous as the founder of the objectivism philosophy. The quintessence of her philosophy is the ethical ideas of rational egoism. Rand justifies the kind of egoism which is not aimed at defying other people’s rights and therefore does not result in conflict of interests. The article tackles the conception of rational egoism underlying Ayn Rand’s novel Atlas Shrugged in terms of myths of mass consciousness. In the context of popular literature, the notion “myth” is defined as “representations of truth”, “supposed truth”. The article is based on the proposition that popular literature depicts reality in accordance with myths circulating in mass consciousness and creates myths itself. The first thing that qualifies Rand’s idea of rational egoism as a myth is its being presented as something undoubtedly “good” – thus the popular mythological opposition of “good versus evil” is shaped in Rand’s novel. Another thing that contributes to the perception of the idea of rational egoism as a myth in the novel is its extremely positive and extremely negative characters, whose interaction creates the two-dimensional flat world of the novel. The analysis of these, as well as some other characteristics, allows to identify Ayn Rand’s novels as a specimen of mass literature.

The article covers the functional potential of the legal doctrine of the presumption of innocence in the context of its manifestation in the legal system of the Russian state. It is noted that the legal doctrine as the teaching of authoritative experts, apologists, highly qualified specialists in the field of law, contains in its structure the scientific-theoretical and practical-applied constructions and the knowledge concerning the remaining elements of the legal system of the Russian state. It is specially emphasized that the legal doctrine of the presumption of innocence represents a crown of guarantees for the rights and freedoms of man and citizen as one of the achievements of legal theoretical science and practice based on the achievements of well-known scientific theories and practical developments in which it exerts a special influence on the lawmaker and the executor of law, forms representations about the proper image of law, its guarantees, prospects for its development. It is separately noted that the legal doctrine of the presumption of innocence effectively and actively influences the formation of basic and essential features, both separate elements and their groups, has a significant influence on the internal structuring, the concerted actions and functioning of the entire legal system of modern Russia through the implementation in its separate elements (normative legal acts, decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, decisions and guidance clarifications of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, reviews of law enforcement practice).

This study aims to examine the level of real use and satisfaction of ERP users in banking companies in the West Sumatra region. The analysis was carried out by examining the effect of system quality, information quality and service quality on the level of real use and satisfaction of ERP users in banking companies in West Sumatra. Data acquisition was carried out by survey techniques through questionnaires to 140 employees from 4 government banks in West Sumatra (ERP users). A total of 89 data can be processed in this study. Multiple regression statistical tests are used to test hypotheses. Regression test results on model I indicate that there is no influence on the quality of information systems, information quality and service quality at the level of real use of Enterprise Resource Planning. While the test results in model II show that there is an influence of the quality of the information system, information quality and service quality on the satisfaction of users of Company Resource Planning.

This paper explored the prospect of flood disaster management as a CSR agenda for the listed Malaysian companies. A content analysis was conducted on the corporate websites and relevant CSR documents of the company. The study covered 928 companies which was listed in the Bursa Malaysia. The findings highlighted that the CSR programs of the companies were divided into four main groups i.e workplace, marketplace, environment and community. The study findings have concluded that only 16% of the Malaysian companies invest in flood disaster management through their CSR programs. This will add to the limited body of knowledge in the field of CSR in the area of flood disaster, especially in the Malaysian context. The study findings will help the government bodies and the companies to understand the importance of investing their CSR efforts in the area of flood disaster management in Malaysia.

Tourism sector in Pakistan is facing a situation of severe crisis, plagued by poor management, lack of infrastructure, weak and ineffective policy and implementation. The looming cloud of terrorism has further diminished the role the sector could play in the country and the region’s development. Recent military operations against terrorist elements and the inauguration of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) are being hailed as a new phase, bringing more opportunities for business. However, it may also bring new challenges to the existing industry as well. The Thailand tourism industry faced similar kind of situation but it sailed out. The current research paper examined the moderating effect of external environmental factors and relationship of Customer Relationship Management Effectiveness (CRMe) with business performance and business innovation. A sample of 382 respondents was selected. The respondents belonged to Tourism sector in Pakistan and Thailand. The responses were tested and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling in AMOS. It was observed that Technological Turbulence, Market Turbulence and Competitive Intensity significantly moderate the relation of CRMe with business innovation and business performance. This study is significant as it highlights the importance of external environmental factors for business performance and innovation Vis a Vis the effectiveness of an organization’s CRM capability. Results of this study hold significant implications for policy makers and stake holders.

During the last two decades, the issue of sustainability has drawn the attention of the business press, and various articles in academic literature that account of the sustainability issues have been published. This trend has highlighted the significance of sustainability reports and established corporate sustainability as an important topic in the business literature (Malik, 2015). A few mining companies pioneered this trend, and in the recent years, some of them incorporated the three dimensions of sustainable development, publishing so-called sustainability reports (Perez and Sanchez, 2009). In May 2013, GRI released its fourth guideline edition – G4. This latest guideline was expected to be more user friendly and to improve the technical quality of information helping the companies to explain material factors transparently and accountably (Dellios, 2012). This study examined the practice of sustainability reporting of Indonesia listed and non-listed companies in mining and oil & gas industry that published stand alone sustainability reports in one decade (year 2006 – 2015). Literature study, desk research, and sustainability report analysis were conducted in this study. Result of this study finds that there is an increasing trend of sustainability reporting practices. Since 2006 the number of companies in mining and oil & gas industry making sustainability reports has been increasing, from only 3 companies to 22 companies in 2016. From 2006 to 2016, only economic indicators are consistently presented in the sustainability report, whereas for various Environmental and social indicators are varied each year. The highest number of indicators presented in the sustainability report relates to the economic aspects of 2009–2013 (8-9 indicators), Environmental aspects in 2010-2013 G3 (25-28 indicators), social aspects in 2011-2012 (37- 41 indicators). While in other year, the indicator presented is not as much as the period of theyear.

The idea of competitiveness has been broadly accepted and has turned into a part of debate in international forums. Today world-wide economy cannot be enlightened by using the same approach without innovative technology as it was a few decades before. When progresses of the firms and states are observed, public generally regard international competitiveness as critical part of the debate. The study in this paper attempts to evaluate position of Pakistan’s economy with the perspective of International Competitiveness in terms of its technological development and trade progress. It’s concluded that export markets can be strengthening by the countries with the passage of time. There is crucial requirement to improve their technological progress and governance. Pakistan is passing through the stage where there is need to employ the standards of international competitiveness. The study is sum up by explaining a suggestion to government of Pakistan with the key highlights that higher technological exports will comes true only by intensification of research and development via investment in the human capital of the economy. This entail mutual efforts from three major players; individuals, business entrepreneurs and government.

One of the attractions in Bali to allure domestic and foreign visitors to come is Pandawa Beach. Located in Kutuh Village, Kuta Selatan sub-district, Badung regency, less than 3 kms from Nusa Dua Tourism Area and Uluwatu Temple, Pandawa Beach gives a different perpective of sight from the trimmed limestone cliffs terraced on the sides of the road, the ocean’s beauty and clean white sands garnished by stone carved statues. All of these constitute a potential view and offering experiences for the visitors. Therefore, the local authority along with the caretaker of Pandawa Beach have implemented a concept of customer experience in order to achieved the increasing level of revisit intention to Pandawa Beach. The aim of this research is to find out the effect of customer experience to revisit intention in Pandawa Beach Tourist Attraction, using quantitative descriptive method. As many as 100 respondents was taken by simple random sampling test and surveyed. The results of the study are due to between customer experience and revisit intention .Customer experience significant impact on revisit intention .Of the relations between experiences visitors with their respective interest visit back marked positive. This proves that the better experience of the visitors will be interest visit back.

Thermochemistry and Reaction Rate are the subjects with the lowest achievement level at the National Exam (UN) in 2016. Thermochemistry and Reaction Rate are subjects that require algorithmic abilities in addition to factual and conceptual knowledge. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of learning strategies of flipped classroom and problem-based learning on Thermochemical and Reaction Rate learning results. This research uses quantitative approach using experimental method with 3x2 treatment by level design, chemistry learning results as dependent variable, learning strategy as independent variable, self learning as moderate variable. Before further testing the variable with ANAVA two way, they first get tested with normality and homogeneity test to research data. The result of this study can be seen that the strategy of flipped classroom, problem-based learning, and expository influence student’s chemical learning results. Achievement of learning results with flipped classroom learning strategy is higher than the problem-based learning and expository strategies. There is a significant interaction between the learning strategy and the student’s self learning on the use of problem-based learning and expository strategies.

This paper aims to discuss the methodology of da’wah to the disabilities people with blind in Malaysia. A discussion on the methodology of da’wah is an important aspect in order to achieve the mission of da’wah itself. As far as a subject matter is concerned, based on previous studies, the discussion about teaching the religion in the context of Da`wah to blind people is not taken seriously by some researchers. However, on the side, they are more likely interested in focusing on the methodology of da`wah to new converted (muallaf). Therefore, this current study is important to explore the strategy used by Muslim preachers (da`ies) in communicating with blind people and their methods in delivering the messages of da’wah. This study is a qualitative approach using content analysis as a research design. The expectation of this study is to establish a theory of da’wah’s approach that can be applied by Muslim preachers in order to communicate with blind people by transmitting knowledge and values to them. Hopefully that this study will contribute a new discovery in the field of da’wah to those who have special needs.

The study was conducted with the aim of exploring the prevailing cyber law, better called as, Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act -2016 (PECA-2016) with regard to practice of freedom of speech on internet in Pakistan. Having discussed in brief the regime for freedom of speech under constitution of Pakistan 1973 and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), to which Pakistan is a party, so obliged legally and morally to obey it. A mix method, where exploratory sequential approach was employed to analyse the issue of violation of freedom of speech on technology by the application of stringent provisions of PECA-2016 by government authorities in Pakistan. Thematic analysis of interviews were done through NVivo and quantitative data was analyzed by using SPSS. Results highlighted that the prevailing cyber technology law in Pakistan is in clear contradiction with the regime for freedom of speech in Pakistan’s constitution and ICCPR. The study expressed that certain provisions of PECA-2016 are stringent and suppressed the voices of internet users. Nevertheless, it also appeals to the policy makers to repeal or amend the prevailing law of technology okand to make it in conformity with the legal regime for freedom of speech in Pakistan.

This article aims to explain the practicality and effectiveness of interactive multimedia in Indonesian language learning at class V of elementary school. This research is an R&D conducted in four stages, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. This article is prepared based on the development stage, i.e. a large scale try out. The respondents are 5 teachers and 130 students of 5 elementary schools in Padang Timur, Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia. The data are the students’ and teachers’ response towards a questionnaire, scores of students’ learning outcomes, and recordings of the students’ activities during learning process. The teachers’ and students’ responses to the questionnaires and student learning outcomes were analyzed quantitatively, while the recordings of students’ activities were analyzed qualitatively. The result of the research shows that, firstly, the media are practical because the average score of the teachers’ responses is 4.58 and students’ responses is 4.53 on a scale of 1 to 5. Secondly, the media are effective to use because the student were learning seriously and enthusiastically by using this media, and the average of student learning outcomes is 87.20 on a scale of 1 to 100. Thus, the developed media can be applied and disseminated for Indonesian language learning in 5th elementary schools.

One recent transformation in the global higher education (Hénard et al., 2012) ecosystem has been internationalisation of HE institutions. This paper draws on a recent, major in-depth investigation into the policy frameworks which underpin international higher education (IHE) in the ten nations of ASEAN. Supported by the British Council, the project places IHE approaches in the ASEAN region into the global context. Based on an assessment tool of the strength of IHE policies in over 40 countries worldwide covering student/staff mobility, quality assurance and equitable access/sustainability, the project shows that while across the region countries may be at different development stages of their IHE policy frameworks, there is evidence of regional commitment to IHE at the policy and institutional level, which compares favorably with other parts of the world. The paper argues that the rise of nationalist governments in various parts of the world, particularly in the west, may threaten internationalisation in dynamic HE systems. However, a distinctive approach to IHE may be developing in the ASEAN region which challenges nationalistic approaches and which is fostering innovation and collaboration. This ‘ASEAN centric’ approach to IHE has the potential to strengthen HE systems across the region, as well as the development of ASEAN itself.

Irony means the opposite meaning of what you intend, it is something that is different or opposite from what is expected. In political discourse, such as speeches, memes, cartoons, there are a number of Irony used to criticize someone or social and political issues that happen in society. This study investigates irony in Donald Trump’s political cartoons in terms of forms, types and functions of irony by using pragmatic approach. Data of this study were taken from the websites LA Progressive, and Pinterest. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively based on the theories of irony and pragmatic (Cumings, 2005) (Strauss and Feiz, 2014), The results show (1) words and statements used in terms of verbal and situational irony, (2) each type of irony has different functions, such as oppositional, reinforcing, complicating, and ludic. The functions of the irony reflect the social and political conflicts between USA and other countries, the problems about race, religion, and woman. Positively, Irony in political cartoons can be regarded as an expressive and effective ways to amuse and to criticize people or social issues as long as it is used within the politeness framework.

This study examines the relationship between leverage ratio, bank’s performance, size and profit equalisation reserve. Using GMM estimators, both difference and system, we find significant relationship between current leverage ratio and previous leverage ratio and profit equalization reserve. Overall, our results are consistent with the several past literatures with addition of determining impact of profit equalization reserve on leverage ratios of Islamic banks in Malaysia.

This research aims to produce learning materials learning math with constructivism approach through mobile learning system. This research is research development. Development methods used follow the 4-D model of the stage define, stage design, develop and disseminate stages stage. On the research focused at the third stage i.e. develop. The subjects in this study are students of mathematics education courses the University Bung Hatta 2015 forces totaling 26 people. The results obtained from studies on stage develop this is learning materials have been produced using mathematical constructivism approach through Mobile Learning System a valid and practical. Overall excess materials this is student accessible online through the browser the browser on a Laptop, Smartphone, or Computer with the address of www. yusriwahyuni. xyz and also can be displayed offline after learning materials in this Download. Students can measure the level of his own understanding towards the subject matter by way of doing evaluation and see the results of the evaluation that they are working on. In addition students can also repeat or continue his studies back at home independently and more fun.

This corpus-based lexical study aimed to explore the use of words in Coxhead (2000) Academic Word List (AWL) in academic journal articles in the field of Islamic studies. Around 472,621 word corpus, called the Islamic Academic Research Articles (IARA) corpus, was created for this study. The corpus consisted of 66 research articles written in English that were published in more than 10 different Islamic academic journals. Authentic and academic research articles written on Islam, and from Islamic perspectives, covering a wide range of topics, were selected. The study found that the most frequent 317 AWL words which occurred in the IARA corpus was only 56% of Coxhead’s AWL of 570 words. This finding points to the need for a special AWL for students. Findings suggest the need to produce field-specific academic word lists incorporating all frequent academic lexical items necessary for the expression of the rhetoric of the specific research area. Findings also revealed that some of the words which were found in the present study were not found in Coxhead’s Academic Word List. This suggests that vocabulary needs of students in Islamic studies are characteristically different from those of students in other disciplines.

Teachers were found to have no knowledge and skills in applying 21st century basic skills in student-centered teaching approach and the teachers’ metacognitive skills was at low level. Based on these problems, teachers development needs to be implemented by developing appropriate training module. Therefore, the design and development research is conducted to address existing problems. This study involves the development and evaluate the module validity. The development of module based on needs analysis, theory, model, and related literature review. Based on the need analysis, the constructivism learning theory, the 21st century skills model and metacognition theory are taken into account in drafting the module. The questionnaire of the module validity was develop based on a Likert scale of ten points: (0) strongly disagreed, until (10) strongly agree. The questionnaire was initiated before being submitted to six field experts. This study produced a module consisting of two parts: (A) Introduction, Theoretical Basis and Training Session Objectives, and (B) Procedures of 7 Training Sessions. The field experts find that this module has a good validity. This study suggests that the teachers’ metacognitive skills training module in the teaching and application of 21st century basic skills can be used in the context of actual training in the next phase.

The purpose of this study is to test the capability of managerial ownership in moderating the effect of managerial ability on earnings quality. The research sample consists of 41 manufacturing companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange and 53 in Malaysia Stock Exchange within the year of 2014–2016. Partial Least Square (PLS) method used for data analysis. The result shows that managerial ability has a positive and significant effect on earnings persistence, both in Indonesia and Malaysia. Managerial ability also has a positive and significant effect on accrual quality in both countries. Managerial ownership strengthens the effect of managerial ability on earnings persistence, but only in Malaysia. However, managerial ownership strengthens the effect of managerial ability on accrual quality in both countries. The results of this study can help investors and creditors in making decisions. Before investors invest in a company or before creditors lend funds to companies, investors and creditors need to first consider the persistence of earnings, not only see the amount of earnings the company gets to ensure that the company’s earnings quality is good and the company has good prospects in the future.

Counsellor trainees have to play many roles simultaneously during supervision. Although all the roles and expected behaviour are well-defined, counsellor trainees find it hard to acquire and learn all the roles since all the expectations from the roles come at the same time, causing role difficulties. Role difficulties refer to role conflict and role ambiguity. Presence of role difficulties highly associated with to work-related anxiety, dissatisfaction with clinical work and supervision as well, shown by previous studies. This is a correlational research with quantitative nature. 85 counsellor trainees who under practicum supervision from UNIMAS will be recruited as respondents, by using stratified random sampling. The data collected will be analyzed using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression. There are four (4) research instruments being used. Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity Inventory (RCRAI) is used to measure role difficulties, Counselling Self-estimate Inventory (COSE) is used to measure the level of self-efficacy, Trainee Anxiety Scale (TAS) is used to measure the level of anxiety and Supervisory Working Alliance Inventory – Trainee (SWAI – T) is used to measure the level of working alliance during supervision. The finding of the research showed that there is no significant relationship between supervision factors and role difficulties. There is also no significant influence of supervision factors on role difficulties. Moreover, anxiety showed r(88) = 0.46, p < 0.05, weak positive relationship with role difficulties and statistically significant F(1,86) = 22.40, p < .05, and accounted for approximately 21% of the variance of role difficulties. Self-efficacy showed r(88) = -0.43, p < 0.05 weak negative relationship with role difficulties and statistically significant F(1,86) = 19.92, p < .05, accounted for approximately 19% of the variance of role difficulties. Working alliance showed r(88) = -0.26, p < 0.05 weak negative relationship with role difficulties and statistically significant F(1,86) = 7.80, p < .05, accounted for approximately 8.0% of the variance of role difficulties. The implications of the research were able to expand and further support the Role Theory and Social Cognitive Model of Counselor Training (SCMCT) in which the findings explained the role problems in supervision context and further supported self-efficacy as the main determinant in effective counselling process. The research also provided practical implication in which the supervisor could be more aware of cognitive and emotional development of counselor trainees. Future researchers are recommended to (1) Recruit supervisors as respondents; (2)Include more supervision factors; (3)Choose suitable instruments and (4)Consider qualitative research.

Assistive technology devices for elderly in smart home aims at providing support and healthcare services in a domestic home to ensure their health condition, safety and security . However, neither definition nor specific legal and administrative policy is in place to govern its establishment. Hence, a comprehensive smart home assisted living legal framework for elderly is required and this paper is intended to discuss the needs for amendments of law in housing development. This paper is a legal doctrinal research whereby analysis is conducted based on the statutory provisions of Malaysia housing statutes, codes, and guideline. The finding shows that, the absence of smart home for elderly components and infrastructure in the Housing Sales and Purchase Agreement will deny residents’ right from protection by the housing developer. Therefore, amendment and improvement in law and regulations to include terms of smart home for elderly is needed to ensure its development is in accordance to the law.